Intro to Nutrition Chapter 4
The monosaccharide __________ is used for energy by all the body's tissues.
Glucose
________ is the most important monosaccharide in the body and is the primary source of energy for all the body's tissues.
Glucose
Identify the three monosaccharides.
Glucose, fructose, and galactose
After chewing a piece of bread for a while, you begin to experience a slightly sweet taste. This taste results from ________.
the liberation of maltose from starch
The brain and nerve tissues prefer _________ as fuel, and red blood cells can use nothing else.
Carbohydrate
What situation is least likely to lead to hypoglycemia?
well-controlled type 1 diabetes
How many grams of carbohydrates does the DRI recommend the average-sized person consume each day?
130 g
Which breakfast would provide the most soluble fiber?
2 ounces of oat bran cereal with nonfat milk
A person with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes has just been advised that he should begin a 2,100-calorie diet with 45 percent of the energy coming from carbohydrates. How many grams of carbohydrates would that be?
236 grams
How many grams of fiber per day do the Dietary Reference Intakes suggest for an average adult (man or women) under age 50?
25 for a woman; 38 for a man
Select the list of foods that would all rank low on the glycemic index.
Corn, strawberries, yogurt
Hormones play an important role in regulating blood glucose levels. What is an example of this?
Epinephrine increases breakdown of liver glycogen to provide glucose in times of danger.
Added sugars are an important part of the diet and provide essential nutrients for the body.
False
___________ occurs in type 2 diabetes because the body's cells are unresponsive to ___________ in the body.
Hyperglycemia, insulin
What are important functions of fiber in the body? Choose the most correct answer. I. Helps regulate blood sugar and cholesterol levels. II. Contributes to the development of diverticulitis and other bowel diseases. III. Supports healthy bacteria in the colon. IV. Contributes to satiety.
I, III, IV
Which statement best defines insoluble fibers?
Insoluble fibers support digestive tract health.
When blood glucose concentration rises, the pancreas secretes ________, and when blood glucose levels fall, the pancreas secretes __________.
Insulalin, glucagon
Select the best example of a polysaccharide.
Starch
Which of the following statements about diabetes is true?
The body produces insulin in type 2 diabetes, but the cells fail to respond.
Foods rich in soluble fiber lower blood cholesterol.
True
Hypoglycemia among healthy people is relatively rare.
True
Which part of a grain is especially rich in vitamins and minerals?
germ
One typical symptom of hypoglycemia is ________.
rapid heartbeat
Which sugar needs no digestion and can be absorbed directly into the blood?
Fructose
For the general population, it is healthy to reduce carbohydrate intake to less than 130 g in order for the body to use protein and excess fat for fuel.
False
The liver's capacity to store glycogen is virtually unlimited.
False (limit is 2,000 calories)
Type 1 diabetes is often prevented by successful weight-loss management.
False (type 2 diabetes)
Which enzyme is associated with lactose intolerance?
Lactase
Protein foods provide almost no carbohydrate to the U.S. diet, with these exceptions:
Milk, nutes, legumes
_________ is the process by which plants combine carbon dioxide, water, and the sun's energy to form glucose.
Photosynthesis
Fruit punch sweetened with grape juice concentrate can contain as much sugar as fruit punch sweetened with high-fructose corn syrup.
True
In the United States, diets high in refined carbohydrate intakes, particularly added sugars from soft drinks, are often associated with increased body fatness.
True
____________ is a complication associated with blood glucose regulation that is often associated with obesity.
Type 2 diabetes
What is the best example of a long-term risk associated with eating a diet that produces ketosis?
Vitamin deficiency, Elevate blood cholesterol, loss of bone mineral, All Answers are correct
Which of the following is the healthiest source of glucose?
Whole Food
A diet rich in __________ is associated with reduced risks of overweight and certain chronic diseases.
Whole Grains
You are trying to decide which type of food from the fruit group to choose for a snack, and you want to choose the one that has the greatest nutritional value. Your best choice would be ________.
a whole orange
What population group is the top sugar consumer, taking in more than a half cup of added sugars in foods and beverages each day, or almost 90 pounds of sugar per year?
adolescent boys
Which recommendation would you make to a person with lactose intolerance?
choosing yogurt with live cultures
Which monosaccharide rarely occurs freely in nature but is tied up in milk sugar until it is freed during digestion?
galactose
What is the storage form of glucose in the body?
glycogen
Which carbohydate is NOT Found in foods from plants?
glycogen
When added sugar is consumed in excess of calorie need,
it alters blood lipids in potentially harmful ways.
Digestible carbohydrates are absorbed as _________ through the small intestinal wall and are delivered to the liver, which releases ________ into the bloodstream.
monosaccharides, glucose
The _______ monitors blood glucose and adjusts its concentration with two opposing hormones, insulin and glucagon.
pancreas