Intro to Nutrition Chapter 4

The monosaccharide __________ is used for energy by all the body's tissues.

Glucose

________ is the most important monosaccharide in the body and is the primary source of energy for all the body's tissues.

Glucose

Identify the three monosaccharides.

Glucose, fructose, and galactose

After chewing a piece of bread for a while, you begin to experience a slightly sweet taste. This taste results from ________.

the liberation of maltose from starch

The brain and nerve tissues prefer _________ as fuel, and red blood cells can use nothing else.

Carbohydrate

What situation is least likely to lead to hypoglycemia?

well-controlled type 1 diabetes

How many grams of carbohydrates does the DRI recommend the average-sized person consume each day?

130 g

Which breakfast would provide the most soluble fiber?

2 ounces of oat bran cereal with nonfat milk

A person with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes has just been advised that he should begin a 2,100-calorie diet with 45 percent of the energy coming from carbohydrates. How many grams of carbohydrates would that be?

236 grams

How many grams of fiber per day do the Dietary Reference Intakes suggest for an average adult (man or women) under age 50?

25 for a woman; 38 for a man

Select the list of foods that would all rank low on the glycemic index.

Corn, strawberries, yogurt

Hormones play an important role in regulating blood glucose levels. What is an example of this?

Epinephrine increases breakdown of liver glycogen to provide glucose in times of danger.

Added sugars are an important part of the diet and provide essential nutrients for the body.

False

___________ occurs in type 2 diabetes because the body's cells are unresponsive to ___________ in the body.

Hyperglycemia, insulin

What are important functions of fiber in the body? Choose the most correct answer. I. Helps regulate blood sugar and cholesterol levels. II. Contributes to the development of diverticulitis and other bowel diseases. III. Supports healthy bacteria in the colon. IV. Contributes to satiety.

I, III, IV

Which statement best defines insoluble fibers?

Insoluble fibers support digestive tract health.

When blood glucose concentration rises, the pancreas secretes ________, and when blood glucose levels fall, the pancreas secretes __________.

Insulalin, glucagon

Select the best example of a polysaccharide.

Starch

Which of the following statements about diabetes is true?

The body produces insulin in type 2 diabetes, but the cells fail to respond.

Foods rich in soluble fiber lower blood cholesterol.

True

Hypoglycemia among healthy people is relatively rare.

True

Which part of a grain is especially rich in vitamins and minerals?

germ

One typical symptom of hypoglycemia is ________.

rapid heartbeat

Which sugar needs no digestion and can be absorbed directly into the blood?

Fructose

For the general population, it is healthy to reduce carbohydrate intake to less than 130 g in order for the body to use protein and excess fat for fuel.

False

The liver's capacity to store glycogen is virtually unlimited.

False (limit is 2,000 calories)

Type 1 diabetes is often prevented by successful weight-loss management.

False (type 2 diabetes)

Which enzyme is associated with lactose intolerance?

Lactase

Protein foods provide almost no carbohydrate to the U.S. diet, with these exceptions:

Milk, nutes, legumes

_________ is the process by which plants combine carbon dioxide, water, and the sun's energy to form glucose.

Photosynthesis

Fruit punch sweetened with grape juice concentrate can contain as much sugar as fruit punch sweetened with high-fructose corn syrup.

True

In the United States, diets high in refined carbohydrate intakes, particularly added sugars from soft drinks, are often associated with increased body fatness.

True

____________ is a complication associated with blood glucose regulation that is often associated with obesity.

Type 2 diabetes

What is the best example of a long-term risk associated with eating a diet that produces ketosis?

Vitamin deficiency, Elevate blood cholesterol, loss of bone mineral, All Answers are correct

Which of the following is the healthiest source of glucose?

Whole Food

A diet rich in __________ is associated with reduced risks of overweight and certain chronic diseases.

Whole Grains

You are trying to decide which type of food from the fruit group to choose for a snack, and you want to choose the one that has the greatest nutritional value. Your best choice would be ________.

a whole orange

What population group is the top sugar consumer, taking in more than a half cup of added sugars in foods and beverages each day, or almost 90 pounds of sugar per year?

adolescent boys

Which recommendation would you make to a person with lactose intolerance?

choosing yogurt with live cultures

Which monosaccharide rarely occurs freely in nature but is tied up in milk sugar until it is freed during digestion?

galactose

What is the storage form of glucose in the body?

glycogen

Which carbohydate is NOT Found in foods from plants?

glycogen

When added sugar is consumed in excess of calorie need,

it alters blood lipids in potentially harmful ways.

Digestible carbohydrates are absorbed as _________ through the small intestinal wall and are delivered to the liver, which releases ________ into the bloodstream.

monosaccharides, glucose

The _______ monitors blood glucose and adjusts its concentration with two opposing hormones, insulin and glucagon.

pancreas