Intro to Psych and Research Test (1st Test)
naturalistic observation
patwardhan et al. report data from a study where they hired experimental confederates to attend speed dating events, posing as daters, and carefully take notes on behaviors of the daters. what type of research design did they use? - naturalistic observation - experiment - survey - case study
male bias exists in science.
which is the following is a feminist criticism of the science of psychology? - male psychologists emphasize object data over subjective data - male bias exists in science - male psychologists assume that their results do not apply to women - male psychologists do not pay enough attention to relationships
sigmund freud
which theorist published research related to the pyschology of personality? - noam chomsky - charles darwin - sigmund freud - jean piaget
first american psychologist
william james was the ______. - father of psychology - first american psychologist - author of the first psychology textbook - first psychoanalyst
the scientific method
scientific knowledge is advanced through a process known as ______. - the scientific method - the experiment - inductive reasoning - deductive reasoning
placebo effect
simply expecting something to happen can make it happen. this describes _____. - observer bias - experimenter bias - participant bias - placebo effect
control
the ______ group does not get the experimental treatment. - control - dependent - independent - alternate experimental
between -1 and +1
the possible range for a correlation coefficient is ______. - between -1 and +1 - between -1 and 0 - between 0 and +100 - between 0 and +1
they are all examples of applied psychology
what do industrial and organizational psychology, health psychology, sport and exercise psychology, forensic psychology, and clinical psychology all have in common? - they all focus on groups instead of individuals - they are all examples of applied psychology - job growth is greatest in these fields - they are all areas of psychology that developed in the 19th century
doctor of psychology
what is a psyd? - doctor of psychiatry - doctor of psychoanalysis - doctor of philosophy - doctor psychology
the word "emotional" should be changed to the word "cognitive."
what should be changed to make the following statement true? jean piaget is famous for his theories regarding changes in emotional ability that occur as we move from infancy to adulthood. - the word "famous" should be changed to the word "infamous." - the word "emotional" should be changed to the word "cognitive." - the word "infancy" should be changed to the word "adolescence." - the name "jean piaget" should be changed to "abraham maslow."
john watson
which of the following psychologists was a behaviorist? - william james - wilhelm wundt - sigmund freud - john watson
experimental
which of the following research designs will allow cause-and-effect conclusions? - quasi-experimental - experimental - survey - correlational
francis cecil sumner
who was the first african american to receive a phd in psychology in the united states? - francis cecil sumner - naomi weisstein - noam chomsky - carl rogers
wilhelm wundt
who was the first person referred to as a psychologist? - wolfgang köhler - sigmund freud - wilhelm wundt - william james
high; low
an intelligence test yields the same results when administered on three separate occasions. however, the test's results are more strongly correlated with hours spent doing homework than they are with other standardized intelligence tests. this test has ______ reliability and ______ validity. - low; low - high; low - low; high - high; high
thinking critically
char heard from her friends that marijuana can cure glaucoma so it should be legal in all 50 states. char knows that she is biased in favor of marijuana legalization, so she decides to exercise some skepticism about this claim. she researches where her friends got their information, how reliable it is, and what other sources say about legalizing marijuana. char is ______. - thinking critically - acting unconsciously - hypothesizing - theorizing
her own conscious experience
introspection refers to a process by which someone examines ______ as objectively as possible. - her own subconscious experience - another person's consciousness - the social construction of consciousness - her own conscious experience
why empirical research is needed
the d.a.r.e program is an example of ______. - why empirical research is needed - a psychological research that has helped shape public policy - a highly successful drug use intervention program - a highly successful suicide intervention program
observation
the empirical method of study is based on ______. - statistics - observation - practice - guesswork
statistical analyses; reliability
______ can be used to assess ______. - statistical analyses; reliability - reliability; validity - statistical analyses; validity - validity; reliability
humanism
______ is a perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans. - humanism - gestalt - structuralism - behaviorism
longitudinal
______ research studies the same groups of participants over time. - cross-sectional - archival - correlational - longitudinal
is large and randomly selected
a sample that ______ is most likely to yield generalizable results. - is large and randomly selected - has at least 20 participants - has at least 200 participants - is small and specifically selected
skinner box
a(n) ______ is a chamber that isolates the subject from the external environment. - isolate - skinner box - watson manipulator - gestaltlaten
confounding variable
a(n) ______ is a variable that affects both variables of interest and may falsely give the impression of a cause-and-effect relationship. - independent variable - control variable - confounding variable - dependent variable
the use of reinforcement and punishment
according to sigmund freud, all of the following represent ways to access the unconscious and except through ______. - dream analysis - examination of the first words that come from to someone's mind - seemingly innocent slips of the tongue - the use of reinforcement and punishment
perceivable and measurable
for a scientific explanation to be testable, it must also be ______. - perceivable and measurable - conscious and unconscious - hypothesized and theoretical - experimental and provable
object permanence
if you show an adult a toy, and then hide it behind a curtain, the adult knows that the toy still exists. however, infants act as if a hidden object no longer exists. what does this exemplify? - developmental theory - article blindness - perpetuation - object permanence
double-blind
in a ______ study, both the researchers and the participants are unaware of the group assignments. - double-blind - pilot - randomly assigned - control