Intro to Psych and Research Test (1st Test)

naturalistic observation

patwardhan et al. report data from a study where they hired experimental confederates to attend speed dating events, posing as daters, and carefully take notes on behaviors of the daters. what type of research design did they use? - naturalistic observation - experiment - survey - case study

male bias exists in science.

which is the following is a feminist criticism of the science of psychology? - male psychologists emphasize object data over subjective data - male bias exists in science - male psychologists assume that their results do not apply to women - male psychologists do not pay enough attention to relationships

sigmund freud

which theorist published research related to the pyschology of personality? - noam chomsky - charles darwin - sigmund freud - jean piaget

first american psychologist

william james was the ______. - father of psychology - first american psychologist - author of the first psychology textbook - first psychoanalyst

the scientific method

scientific knowledge is advanced through a process known as ______. - the scientific method - the experiment - inductive reasoning - deductive reasoning

placebo effect

simply expecting something to happen can make it happen. this describes _____. - observer bias - experimenter bias - participant bias - placebo effect

control

the ______ group does not get the experimental treatment. - control - dependent - independent - alternate experimental

between -1 and +1

the possible range for a correlation coefficient is ______. - between -1 and +1 - between -1 and 0 - between 0 and +100 - between 0 and +1

they are all examples of applied psychology

what do industrial and organizational psychology, health psychology, sport and exercise psychology, forensic psychology, and clinical psychology all have in common? - they all focus on groups instead of individuals - they are all examples of applied psychology - job growth is greatest in these fields - they are all areas of psychology that developed in the 19th century

doctor of psychology

what is a psyd? - doctor of psychiatry - doctor of psychoanalysis - doctor of philosophy - doctor psychology

the word "emotional" should be changed to the word "cognitive."

what should be changed to make the following statement true? jean piaget is famous for his theories regarding changes in emotional ability that occur as we move from infancy to adulthood. - the word "famous" should be changed to the word "infamous." - the word "emotional" should be changed to the word "cognitive." - the word "infancy" should be changed to the word "adolescence." - the name "jean piaget" should be changed to "abraham maslow."

john watson

which of the following psychologists was a behaviorist? - william james - wilhelm wundt - sigmund freud - john watson

experimental

which of the following research designs will allow cause-and-effect conclusions? - quasi-experimental - experimental - survey - correlational

francis cecil sumner

who was the first african american to receive a phd in psychology in the united states? - francis cecil sumner - naomi weisstein - noam chomsky - carl rogers

wilhelm wundt

who was the first person referred to as a psychologist? - wolfgang köhler - sigmund freud - wilhelm wundt - william james

high; low

an intelligence test yields the same results when administered on three separate occasions. however, the test's results are more strongly correlated with hours spent doing homework than they are with other standardized intelligence tests. this test has ______ reliability and ______ validity. - low; low - high; low - low; high - high; high

thinking critically

char heard from her friends that marijuana can cure glaucoma so it should be legal in all 50 states. char knows that she is biased in favor of marijuana legalization, so she decides to exercise some skepticism about this claim. she researches where her friends got their information, how reliable it is, and what other sources say about legalizing marijuana. char is ______. - thinking critically - acting unconsciously - hypothesizing - theorizing

her own conscious experience

introspection refers to a process by which someone examines ______ as objectively as possible. - her own subconscious experience - another person's consciousness - the social construction of consciousness - her own conscious experience

why empirical research is needed

the d.a.r.e program is an example of ______. - why empirical research is needed - a psychological research that has helped shape public policy - a highly successful drug use intervention program - a highly successful suicide intervention program

observation

the empirical method of study is based on ______. - statistics - observation - practice - guesswork

statistical analyses; reliability

______ can be used to assess ______. - statistical analyses; reliability - reliability; validity - statistical analyses; validity - validity; reliability

humanism

______ is a perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans. - humanism - gestalt - structuralism - behaviorism

longitudinal

______ research studies the same groups of participants over time. - cross-sectional - archival - correlational - longitudinal

is large and randomly selected

a sample that ______ is most likely to yield generalizable results. - is large and randomly selected - has at least 20 participants - has at least 200 participants - is small and specifically selected

skinner box

a(n) ______ is a chamber that isolates the subject from the external environment. - isolate - skinner box - watson manipulator - gestaltlaten

confounding variable

a(n) ______ is a variable that affects both variables of interest and may falsely give the impression of a cause-and-effect relationship. - independent variable - control variable - confounding variable - dependent variable

the use of reinforcement and punishment

according to sigmund freud, all of the following represent ways to access the unconscious and except through ______. - dream analysis - examination of the first words that come from to someone's mind - seemingly innocent slips of the tongue - the use of reinforcement and punishment

perceivable and measurable

for a scientific explanation to be testable, it must also be ______. - perceivable and measurable - conscious and unconscious - hypothesized and theoretical - experimental and provable

object permanence

if you show an adult a toy, and then hide it behind a curtain, the adult knows that the toy still exists. however, infants act as if a hidden object no longer exists. what does this exemplify? - developmental theory - article blindness - perpetuation - object permanence

double-blind

in a ______ study, both the researchers and the participants are unaware of the group assignments. - double-blind - pilot - randomly assigned - control