Intro to Psych Unit 1 Test (1-5)

In the context of behavioral genetics, identify the correct statement.

Heredity is apparently involved in psychological disorders ranging from anxiety and depression to personality disorders.

Which of the following is a function of norepinephrine?

It is involved in general arousal and learning and memory.

Which of the following is a function of the reticular formation?

It is vital in the functions of attention, sleep, and arousal.

Which of these is a function of the medulla of the brain?

It plays roles in sleeping, sneezing, and coughing.

In the context of the limbic system, which of the following statements is true?

People with hippocampal damage cannot permanently store new information.

Which of the following causes Down syndrome?

The presence of an extra chromosome on the 21st pair

Which of the following is a difference between the thalamus and the hypothalamus?

The thalamus serves as a relay station for sensory stimulation, whereas the hypothalamus controls the regulation of body temperature, concentration of fluids, storage of nutrients, and motivation and emotion.

Which of the following is a likely consequence of low thyroxin secretion in adults?

They feel tired and sluggish and may put on weight.

What is the purpose of a split brain operation?

To confine seizures to one hemisphere of the cerebral cortex

_____ was a founder of the school of functionalism.​

William James

_____ is the school of psychology that focuses on learning observable conduct.​

behaviorism

Brandon is a psychologist who is studying the relationship between heredity and mood disorders. He strongly believes that behavior and mental processes have a connection with the brain, hormones, heredity, and evolution Brandon's beliefs are consistent with the _____ perspective.​

biological

Psychologists with a _________ perspective focus on the evolution of behavior and mental processes.​

biological

Which of the following diseases stems from food poisoning and prevents the release of acetylcholine?

botulism

Phoebe recently suffered a major fall in which she sustained brain injuries. Since then, she has had immense difficulty in communicating with others. She appears to understand what is said to her, but her responses are slow and laborious. Her sentences are always incomplete with important grammatical words missing. Which of the following conditions best reflects Phoebe's case?

broca's aphasia

Psychologists with a(n) _____ perspective venture into the realm of mental processes such as sensation and perception, memory, intelligence, language, thought, and problem solving to understand human nature.​

cognitive

A person appears to have certain adjustment issues with new people in his classroom. He does not have any serious psychological disorders but seems to be have trouble making new friends. The psychologist most likely to be called upon to help the person would be a _____ psychologist.​

counseling

_________ is defined as a way of evaluating the claims and comments of other people that involves skepticism and examination of evidence.​

critical thinking

Will was driving down a road one night. Suddenly, he noticed a man trying to cross the road just a little away from the car. Will felt an intense fear and immediately became alert and slammed the breaks down hard, missing the man by inches. Which hormone was responsible for this reaction?

epinephrine

_________ suggest that much human social behavior, such as aggressive behavior and mate selection, has a hereditary basis.​

evolutionary psychologists

Ralph conducted a study to determine the effects of certain visual stimuli on individuals. For his study, he used two groups of students. The first group watched a violent war film, while the other group did not. Later, both groups were asked to write an essay on war. It was found that the essays written by the first group were more strongly opinionated against war. In this scenario, the first group would be considered a(n) _____.​

experimental group

(true or false) The somatic nervous system controls activities such as heartbeat, respiration, digestion, and dilation of the pupils.

false

(true or false)A random sample is selected so that identified subgroups in the population are represented proportionately in the sample.

false

(true or false)Dizygotic twins are important in the study of the relative influences of nature and nurture because differences between dizygotic twins are the result of nurture.

false

(true or false)Instinctive behavior is absent when an individual is reared in isolation from others of its kind.

false

(true or false)Norepinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is manufactured exclusively by the adrenal glands.

false

(true or false)The pineal gland secretes a hormone called prolactin, which regulates maternal behavior in lower mammals such as rats and stimulates production of milk in women.

false

Jane is a practicing psychologist who assesses the mental status of people charged with crimes and shares her findings with the courts. Jane is a(n) _____ psychologist.​

forensic

_________ psychologists may treat psychologically ill offenders, consult with attorneys on matters such as picking a jury, and analyze offenders' behavior and mental processes.​

forensic

Caroline is a psychologist who studies how stress induces ailments such as heart problems and headaches. Some of her clients are smokers, and she is helping them quit smoking. She also suggests lifestyle changes that help her clients reduce and cope with stress. Caroline can best be described as a(n) _____.​

health psychologist

. _________ stresses people's capacities for self-fulfillment and the central roles of consciousness, self-awareness, and decision making.​

humanism

The _____ perspective is grounded in the work of Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.

humanistic-existential

A(n) _____ psychologist focuses on the relationship between people and their work.​

industrial

The cognitive tradition has roots in Socrates' advice to "Know thyself" and in his suggested method of _____.​

introspection

While industrial psychologists focus on the relationships between people and work, _________ psychologists study the behavior of people in workplaces such as businesses.​

organizational

Sean believes that many of our unconscious ideas and impulses stem from our childhood conflicts. Based on his beliefs, it can be said that Sean is a _____.​

psychoanalyst

_________ is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.​

psychology

Sofia doesn't like eating vegetables. To ensure that Sofia eats vegetables, her mother offers her an extra helping of dessert every time Sofia finishes her vegetables. In the context of behaviorism, this is known as _____.​

reinforcement

Which of the following neurotransmitters is involved in emotional arousal and sleep?

serotonin

Wilhelm Wundt and his students founded the school of psychology called _____.​

structuralism

_________ attempted to break conscious experience down into objective sensations, such as sight or taste, and subjective feelings, such as emotional responses, and mental images such as memories or dreams.​

structuralism

Which of the following is a bulb-shaped structure at the end of axons?

terminal buttons

Which of the following structures in the brain is known to be connected with vigilance?

the amygdala

Which of the following terms best describes the nucleotides found along just one of the rungs of a molecular ladder?

the genetic code

Which of the following represents an interaction of one's nature and nurture?

the phenotype

(true or false) Paulina is a kindergarten teacher. Every time one of her students answers correctly during her alphabet classes, she uses phrases like "Well done" and "Keep it up." Her behavior provides an example of reinforcement.

true

(true or false)Many case studies are clinical; that is, they are descriptions of a person's psychological problems and how a psychologist treated them

true

(true or false)Psychologists are thinking in terms of behavioral genetics when they ask about the inborn reasons why individuals may differ in their behavior and mental processes.

true

(true or false)Sacs called synaptic vesicles in the axon terminals contain neurotransmitters.

true

According to the notion that the hemispheres of the brain are involved in very different kinds of intellectual and emotional functions and responses, left-brained people are primarily logical and intellectual. (true or false)

true

Erik works as a counselor. He strongly believes in an individual's capacity for self-fulfillment, self-awareness, and decision making. He works on the principle that people are free to choose their own ethical conduct and are also responsible for choosing their conduct. Erik can be said to be following the _____ perspective.

​humanistic-existential