Intro to Psychology Ch. 10

Which of the following people is the BEST example of a Type A personality? a) Clay, a reflective, open-minded artist b) Susan, a brilliant, self-confident accountant c) Bonnie, a relaxed, fun-loving professor d) Andre, a competitive, easily-angered journalist

Andre, a competitive, easily-angered journalist

Marcus is going through a particularly difficult time because of work related stress, his parents' health problems, impending final exams, and term paper deadlines. Marcus has a history of not dealing well with stress. The continuous stress is likely to cause all of the following EXCEPT: a) cause the blister on Marcus' foot to heal more slowly than normal b) weaken Marcus' resistance to a bad cold c) alter Marcus' immune system so that he does not fight off disease as well d) cause Marcus to develop cancer

cause Marcus to develop cancer

____________ personality type is linked with a higher incidence of heart disease, whereas ____________ personality type is linked with a lower incidence of heart disease.

Type A, Type B

Alan reluctantly decided to take a long-awaited trip to New Zealand. The thing that is most disturbing to him is that he must leave his pet monkey behind. A "pet hotel" in the city has agreed to take him. Should Alan worry about him?

Yes. Monkeys under stress due to social disruptions tend to have increased lymphocyte production.

After the terrorist attacks of 9/11, many people around the country went to New York City to lend aid. This response to stress is an example of:

a tend-and-befriend response

John has been an active member of his church for the past 35 years. His good health may be attributed to:

access to a support network

Brendan must give an oral presentation at the start of his class in 10 minutes. In response to this threat: a) Brendan's pupils constrict b) blood flow increases to Brendan's muscles c) the activity of Brendan's digestive system increases d) Brendan's parasympathetic nervous system becomes active

blood flow increases to Brendan's muscles

Attempting to alleviate stress indirectly by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to one's stress reaction is known as ____________ coping.

emotion-focused

Liz loses her well-paid executive position in a round of corporate downsizings. She spends the evening becoming intoxicated in a seedy bar across town. Liz is demonstrating ____________ coping.

emotion-focused

in his general adaptation syndrome (GAS), Hans Selye noted that the greatest threat to one's immune system is during the ___________ phase.

exhaustion

Davis was a consultant hired to give advice to operators of assisted-living facilities. The advice he was hired to give is meant to improve the health of residents. What type of advice would Davis provide to positively influence the health of residents? a) give residents more control over social activities and cafeteria food offerings b) reduce the time they spend watching television c) take more control of residents' social behavior d) take them to the zoo

give residents more control over social activities and cafeteria food offerings

Shane's doctor suggests that he begin an aerobic exercise program in addition to the psychotherapy for his depression. As a result, Shane will experience all of the following EXCEPT that he will: A. be able to manage stressful life events better. B. he will likely lose weight and feel less fatigued. C. he will become more depressed from the stress of the exercise program. D. he will feel more vigor.

he will become more depressed from the stress of the exercise program

which concept is MOST nearly the opposite of personal control? a) locus of control b) learned helplessness c) self-control d) problem-focused coping

learned helplessness

Individuals who have an internal locus of control generally have: a) less obesity b) higher blood pressure c) less satisfaction d) more distress

less obesity

Gina sat quietly in her room and paid attention to her internal emotional and physical state without judging. This is called _____________.

mindfulness meditation

The proportion of very religious people is ____________ that of nonreligious people who smoke.

one-half

Murphy's Law- the notion that if anything can go wrong, it will- expresses a(n) ___________ outlook.

pessimistic

When labeling their feelings, "mindful people" show more activation in the brain's:

prefrontal cortex

The ability to rebound after negative experiences is called:

resilience

Serafina is preparing a lecture on the benefits of exercise, and she will highlight that exercise orders up mood-boosting chemicals such as _____________.

serotonin

optimism has been associated with: a) financial stability b) being an only child c) smaller increases in blood pressure during stress d) poorer performance in school due to overconfidence

smaller increases in blood pressure during stress

a challenging or threatening event that causes stress is called a(n)___________.

stressor

Event is to response as __________ is to __________.

stressor; stress reaction

one reason Type A personalities may be more prone to heart disease is that they are more often "combat ready," which leads to increased activity by the sympathetic nervous system and interferes with: a) the effectiveness of habits such as smoking and drinking to alleviate stress b) the liver's ability to remove cholesterol and fat from the blood c) the mind's ability to think flexibly about problems d) the body's ability to reduce stress hormones

the liver's ability to remove cholesterol and fat from the blood

Anders just received devastating news about the coffee shop he owns. Things seem very bleak because a nationally known competitor is moving to the same block. Anders has many debts to pay off, and his wife is expecting their fourth child. When he hears the bad news, his heart rate zooms and he feels faint, as if he is in shock. According to Seyle's general adaptation syndrome, Anders is in Phase: a) 4, unable to recover b) 1, experiencing an alarm reaction c) 2, in a state of resistance d) 3, in a state of exhaustion

1, experiencing an alarm reaction

In surveys taken in the three weeks after the 9/11 terrorist attacks, nearly ___________ percent of Americans said they were experiencing greater-than-average arousal and anxiety.

60

Research cited in the textbook suggests that one hour of exercise may add _____________ hours to one's life

7

Nearly ____ percent of all Americans think that being very well off is important for happiness. This belief is ___________ by scientific research.

75; contradicted

Zelda is a human resources director for a chain of fast-food restaurants. When interviewing prospective employees, Zelda is known to finish their sentences and to be very short with them if they do not finish a sentence quickly. According to Friedman, Zelda is a Type ________ personality.

A

James is a married man who has six children and another one on the way. He has a demanding job as a cardiologist in a major research hospital. His wife, Molly, is a stay-at-home mother. He is described by friends as easygoing, happy, and content with his life. His wife is often stressed by the demands of pregnancy as well as raising six small children. She is frequently angry with James for not "taking parenting more seriously." Who is more at risk for stress-related illnesses?

Molly is more at risk for stress-related illnesses than James is

Maya owes the credit card company $20,000, her adjustable rate mortgage has just gone up, and she has been out of work for 3 months. Her husband of 15 years came home today to tell her he was having an affair and wants a divorce. With that news, she collapsed and had to be taken to the emergency room. According to Selye, she is in which stage of the General Adaptation syndrome? A. Phase 2, in a state of resistance B. Phase 1, experiencing an alarm reaction C. Phase 3, in a state of exhaustion D. Phase 4, unable to recover

Phase 3, in a state of exhaustion

_____________ refers to the perception that we are worse off relative to those with whom we compare ourselves.

Relative deprivation

Maggie, an avid cyclist, just stared her fourth year of medical school. During her summer off of school, she had a bike accident that produced a large contusion on her knee. If Maggie had the same accident during finals week, what would you expect to happen?

She would heal more slowly than in the summer

Jane and Sue leave a building and see a dog running toward them. Jane assumes that the dog wants to play. Sue assumes the dog is going to attack. Which of the following is MOST likely? a) Both Sue and Jane will experience a negative stress reaction b) Sue's stress reaction will be more negative than Jane's. c) Neither Sue nor Jane will experience a negative stress reaction d) Jane's stress reaction will be more negative than Sue's

Sue's stress reaction will be more negative than Jane's

In the 1990's, Alanis Morissette sang that "a traffic jam when you're already late" is ironic. While it may not be ironic, this situation is indeed a(n):

daily hassle

Reeghan was diagnosed with high cholesterol, which led to a heart attack at the age of 52. According to research, which of the following factors increases her likelihood of having further heart problems? a) low blood pressure b) depression c) optimism d) Type B personality

depression

Jim has been taking medication and going to psychotherapy to treat his depressive symptoms. Which of the following would you also recommend to enhance his treatment? a) buy a new car b) take up a hobby c) take a vacation d) do aerobic exercise

do aerobic exercise