Intro to Psychology - Quiz #3

The learning approach to personality emphasizes which fact about someone's personality? a. It varies from one situation to another. b. It can be described in terms of five big traits. c. Much of personality arises from the unconscious mind. d. Most people remain fairly consistent in personality from early childhood onward.

a. It varies from one situation to another.

What does The Individuals with Disabilities Act in the United States require? a. Public schools must provide free and appropriate education for all children regardless of their limitations. b. Individuals with physical or mental disabilities must be given IQ tests at regular intervals c. States must remove test scores for disabled individuals from the public record. d. All students with disabilities must be placed in special classrooms.

a. Public schools must provide free and appropriate education for all children regardless of their limitations.

Why do many psychologist criticize Freud's theory of psychosexual stages? a. The theory makes no clearly testable predictions. b. Children go through the stages in a variety of orders. c. He dealt only with normal development, not with disorders. d. He neglected the stages of adolescence and adulthood.

a. The theory makes no clearly testable predictions.

According to Freud, the "anal stage" is a. a normal part of psychosexual development. b. an indication of probably parental abuse. c. the result of failure to thrive during the oral stage. d. an indication that someone's superego is dominating over the id.

a. a normal part of psychosexual development.

An IQ is "biased" against members of some group if the people in that group a. do better in school than their scores predict they will. b. have lower scores, on average, than members of some other group. c. believe that the test questions are unfair. d. report greater life satisfaction than we would expect based on their scores.

a. do better in school than their scores predict they will.

According to Freud, what is repression? a. making an unpleasant thought or memory unconscious b. diverting a thought or behavior toward a less threatening target c. suppressing or preventing an urge to do something d. a return to an infantile mode of thinking

a. making an unpleasant thought or memory unconscious

Two standard ways to evaluate a test to measure its ________ and its _________. a. regression; clarity b. reliability; validity c. normality; difficulty d. length; user-friendliness

b. reliability; validity

Trust vs. mistrust, intimacy vs. isolation, and generativity vs. stagnation are stages in a. Freud's stages of psychosexual development b. Erikson's ages of social and emotional development c. Kohlberg's stages of moral reasoning d. Maslow's hierarchy of needs

b. Erikson's ages of social and emotional development

Why is the Rorschach Inkblot test considered a "projective" technique? a. It is still in the stage of being a research project. b. It asks people to project their personality onto an ambiguous figure. c. It invites people to describe their projects for the future. d. It asks people to throw projectiles and engage in other motor tasks.

b. It asks people to project their personality onto an ambiguous figure.

What does it mean to say that Raven's Progressive Matrices is a "culture-reduced" test? a. Performance on this test has been declining over the years in our culture. b. It measures abilities that are taught in some cultures and not in others. c. It calls for little factual information or use of language. d. It was prepared by representatives of all the world's major cultures.

b. It measures abilities that are taught in some cultures and not in others.

Compared to other high school girls, high school girls who are having unprotected sex give lower estimated of the chances of becoming pregnant through unprotected sex. this "it can't happen to me" attitude is a clear example of a. an identity foreclosure. b. a personal fable. c. a cohort effect. d. authoritarianism.

b. a personal fable

In contrast to an achievement test, an aptitude test is intended to measure what? a. crystallized intelligence b. fluid intelligence c. social skills d. athletic skills

b. fluid intelligence

Below are descriptions of four children. Which one is in Piaget' stage of formal operations? a. performs well on tests of object permanence; still has trouble with conservation b. systematically plans approaches to hypothetical questions c. understands conservation but has trouble with abstract and hypothetical questions d. does not speak in complete sentences; fails test of object permanence

b. systematically plans approaches to hypothetical questions

The MMPI includes some items concerning rare virtues, such as "without fail, I always stop to help a person who is having trouble." Why? a. to identify extremely conscientious people b. to check whether people are answering honestly c. to break up a long string of items to which most people answer "true" d. to identify a rare form of depressoin

b. to check whether people are asnwering honestly

Harriet has just taken a new IQ test. She answered 88 questions correctly. However, this test has not yet been standardized. Therefore, a. her score is in the 88th percentile. b. we do not know how her score compares to that of other people. c. we can be sure that her score is neither reliable nor valid. d. we know that her IQ is below average, but we do know how much below average.

b. we do not know her score compares to that of other people.

Under which condition do infants most easily recognize a face? a. They are best at recognizing faces they see in the morning. b. They are best at recognizing faces they see in the afternoon. c. They are best at recognizing the kinds of faces most familiar to them. d. They are best at recognizing faces that lack any emotional expression.

c. They are best at recognizing the kinds of faces most familiar to them.

Stereotype threat lowers performance for what kind of people? a. anyone in an identifiable group b. anyone in a minority group c. anyone who is told that his/her group does poorly on a given task d. everyone, in all situations

c. anyone who is told that his/her group does poorly on a given task

The original goal of psychoanalysis was to a. prevent the process known as catharsis. b. help the patient reexamine the assumption behind his or her style of life. c. bring the contents of the unconscious mind into the conscious mind. d. help the patent probe the contents of the collective unconscious

c. bring the contents of the unconscious mind into the conscious mind.

An experienced taxi driver becomes more skilled at finding various addresses within a city, without improving other intellectual skills. We can say that the driver has increased his or her: a. fluid intelligence b. triarchic intelligence c. crystallized intelligence d. multiple intelligence

c. crystallized intelligence

It is May 7 and you have not yet begun to look for a summer job. You say, "Nothing to worry about...I won't have any trouble finding a job." This is an example of which defense mechanism? a. displacement b. projection c. denial d. regression

c. denial

If you solve a problem of a type you never saw before, what type of intelligence do you show? a. multiple intelligence b. triarchic intelligene c.fluid intelligence d. crystallized intelligence

c. fluid intelligence

Which of the following can a 2-month-old infant learn to do? a. crawl toward a hidden toy b. paint toward a picture of the mother's face c. kick one leg to keep a mobile moving d. make babbling sounds in time with a rhythmic tuen

c. kick one leg to keep a mobile moving

A student who fails an exam, begs, cries, and puts. This is apparently an example of which defense mechanism? a. repression b. projection c. regression d. displacement

c. regression

If you choose a job because you consider it "man's work" or "woman's work", you have been influenced by what? a. pheromones b. ethenocentrism c. sex roles d. sex hormones

c. sex roles

What evidence, if any, shows that newborn infants hear a difference between "ba" and "pa"? a. No evidence supports this conclusion. b. Infants learn to copy the two sounds. c. Infants learn to kick when they hear one sound and stop when they hear the other. d. An infant who habituates to "ba" increases sucking rate after hearing "pa".

d. An infant who habituates to "ba" increases sucking rate after hearing "pa".

Why do most introductory psychology courses today spend relatively little time discussing Freud? a. Freud's ideas are more appropriate for psychiatry than psychology. b. Freud's idea are too complex to discuss in an introductory course. c. Most colleges forbid professors to talk that much about sex. d. Freud's influence within psychology has declined greatly.

d. Freud's influence within psychology has declined greatly.

What evidence did Spearman cite to support his concept of a "g" factor in intelligence? a. Mean performance on IQ tests rises until age 14-20, and then begins to decline. b. Changes in the instructions can alter the mean performance of various groups. c. Mean performance on IQ tests had been rising from one generation to the next. d. Most people who do well on one intellectual task do well on others tasks also.

d. Most people who do well on one intellectual task do well on others tasks also.

What belief to humanistic psychologists emphasize? a. Variations in brain chemistry explain differences in behavior. b. Behavior is best studied by analyzing it into its component elements. c. Psychologists should seek general rules that apply to average people. d. Personality depends on what people believe and how they perceive the world.

d. Personality depends on what people believe and how they perceive the world.

Which of the following is often a cause of brain abnormal in newborns? a. The mother had "morning sickness" during pregnancy. b. The mother gained weight during pregnancy. c. The mother exercised frequently during pregnancy. d. The mother drank much alcohol during pregnancy.

d. The mother drank much alcohol during pregnancy.

A little boy in the preoperational stage would have trouble understanding that a. his father and mother still exist when the boy does not see them. b. other little boys have sister when he had only brothers. c. some mothers are taller than some father. d. his mother is also someone's daughter.

d. his mother is also someone's daughter.

To test for the concept of object permanence, Piaget would watch whether the child can a. play with a toy the same way the experimenter plays with it. b. state that the amount of clay or water stays the same after a distortion of its shape. c. answer abstract, hypothetical questions about the object. d. reach around a barrier to get an object that the child no longer sees.

d. reach around a barrier to get an object that the child no longer sees.

The order of stages in Piaget's theory of development: a. sensorimotor--formal operations--concrete operations--postoperational b. preoperational--concrete operations--formal operations--sensorimotor c. concrete operations--sensorimotor--preoperational--formal operations d. sensorimotor--preoprerational--concrete operations--formal operations

d. sensorimotor--preoperational--concrete operations--formal operations

Alfred Alder and Sigmund Freud disagreed about whether or not a. childhood experiences have an important influence on personality. b. many motives are outside conscious awareness. c. people can be helped to overcome their problems through a "talking cure." d. sexual motives are the main force in personality development.

d. sexual motives are the main force in personality development.

According to Alfred Adler, developing mental health or mental illness depends on a. the contents of your collective unconscious . b. the ratio of pleasure to displeasure in your prefrontal cortex. c. the ratio of dopamine to serotonin in your prefrontal cortex. d. the goals you seek in your life.

d. the goals you seek in your life.