Intro to Religion Mid-Term Chapter Two

Which of the following is a similarity between Candomblé in Brazil and North American Vodou? a. Both religions are a fusion of African religions with Catholicism. b. Both religions are based on monotheism. c. Both worship Olorun. d. Both have their roots in Christianity.

a. Both religions are a fusion of African religions with Catholicism.

Which of the following statements is true of spell and counter-spell rituals in Vodou? a. Followers of Vodou believe in the protective powers of the gris-gris. b. Magic has always been the preferred form of Vodou practice of the highest social class in Haiti. c. Vodou has no place for "magical" practices. d. Followers of Vodou invoke Olorun while performing spells.

a. Followers of Vodou believe in the protective powers of the gris-gris.

What tribes called the neighboring Lakota Nadouwesou, meaning "poisonous snakes"? a. Ojibwa b. Mana c. Quileute d. Navah

a. Ojibwa

Which of the following statements is true of Olorun? a. Olorun is a remote high god of the Yorubas. b. Olorun is invoked during every Yoruban ritual. c. Olorun is the female Yoruban main god. d. Olorun is worshiped by the Yorubans regularly

a. Olorun is a remote high god of the Yorubas.

Which of the following statements is true of indigenous traditions around the world? a. These traditions are ethnicity based. b. These traditions are well documented in the written form. c. These traditions are based on monotheism. d. These traditions seek converts from other religions.

a. These traditions are ethnicity based.

Identify a common feature of indigenous traditions. a. They are not belief based. b. They do not have formal "teachings." c. They follow monotheism. d. They are not practice based.

a. They are not belief based.

Which of the following is a distinctive feature of indigenous religions? a. They are not typically focused on one deity. b. They have written documentation of their origins. c. They are belief based. d. The followers of indigenous religions do not believe in life after death.

a. They are not typically focused on one deity.

Which of the following statements is true of cosmogonic myths? a. They primarily explain how a tribe was created. b. They primarily explain why the sun travels in the sky. c. They primarily explain why women give birth to babies. d. They primarily talk of war heroes.

a. They primarily explain how a tribe was created.

Totemism is found in the: a. in the beliefs of the Aborigines of Australia. b. Indians of the South coast of America. c. in the rituals of Caribbean tribes. d. Native American tribes of the East coast.

a. in the beliefs of the Aborigines of Australia.

In a controversial 1993 resolution, "Declaration of War against Exploiters of Lakota Spirituality," Lakota leaders: a. opposed the misuse of their religious elements by others, especially non-Native Americans. b. sued the Urban Outfitters clothing company for its use of the Lakota trademark and name in a new line of clothing. c. used voodoo dolls to harm their enemies. d. waged a war on their neighboring tribes for practicing Lakota rituals.

a. opposed the misuse of their religious elements by others, especially non-Native Americans.

Assume that a certain indigenous tribe believes in a myth that gives the reason for deer not being able to climb trees. According to the myth, a deer once disobeyed the Sun God and the Sun God, in anger, took away the deer's ability to climb trees. This myth best exemplifies a(n): a. semihistorical myth. b. cosmogonic myth. c. etiological myth. d. historical myth.

c. etiological myth.

Darien challenges George's view that most indigenous religions believe in one high deity and are based on monotheism. Which of the following statements would support Darien's stand? a. The ritual of worshipping a single high deity is an ancient practice, long forgotten by the followers of indigenous religions. b. High deities seldom figure into everyday religious life of the followers of indigenous religions. c. The followers of indigenous religions have been influenced by Shinto and have started praying to many deities. d. High deities in indigenous religions are merely a medium of connection between the members of the tribe and the primary deity worshipped by them.

b. High deities seldom figure into everyday religious life of the followers of indigenous religions.

Which of the following statements is true of animism? a. Its followers do not believe in remembering the dead. b. Its followers believe that spirits exist in all individual things in nature. c. Its followers are likely to believe that the spirit of one primary source in nature provides the basis of life in one's tribe. d. Its followers offer animal sacrifices to their deities.

b. Its followers believe that spirits exist in all individual things in nature.

Which of the following statements is true of the beliefs that indigenous peoples hold about the concept of place? a. Most indigenous peoples believe that their place of origin is Africa. b. Place has great practical and symbolic significance for indigenous peoples. c. For indigenous peoples, their place of residence is nothing more than a location. d. Indigenous peoples are not tied to particular places on earth and they believe that they are visitors to this world.

b. Place has great practical and symbolic significance for indigenous peoples.

Which of the following is a common factor of indigenous religions? a. The followers of most indigenous religions worship Olorun. b. The cultures in which indigenous religions are based are predominantly oral. c. They are based on monotheism. d. They are oriented more toward belief rather than toward practice.

b. The cultures in which indigenous religions are based are predominantly oral.

Which word from the Haitian Creole-French language is used on a popular level for the magical practices of the religion of the same name? a. Yoruba b. Vodou c. Mana d. Lakota

b. Vodou

Khumun believes in totemism. She is most likely to hold that: a. animals do not have spirits. b. a single spirit in nature provides the basis of life in her tribe. c. there is only one true god who is the creator of the world. d. spirits exist only in people

b. a single spirit in nature provides the basis of life in her tribe.

Vodou is a typical example of a religion: a. that originated in Australia. b. centered on different groups of gods. c. based on monotheism. d. based on the principles of private religion.

b. centered on different groups of gods.

Indigenous traditions around the world: a. are belief based, and not practice based. b. do not usually accept outsiders as members of indigenous groups. c. typically seek converts from other religions. d. follow monotheism.

b. do not usually accept outsiders as members of indigenous groups.

In the context of Vodou, gris-gris are used for: a. acquiring divinity. b. gaining money and love. c. reviving the dead. d. invoking Olorun.

b. gaining money and love.

Films such as Dances with Wolves and Avatar have portrayed indigenous tribes as: a. violent savages. b. noble savages. c. primitive savages. d. backward tribes.

b. noble savages.

Indigenous traditions are: a. typically aimed at dominating nature. b. not typically future oriented. c. typically based on monotheism. d. not typically aimed to honor the past.

b. not typically future oriented.

The religion of Vodou is characterized by: a. a set of ancient sacred scriptures rather than a set of ritual practices. b. ritual practices rather than a body of beliefs. c. a body of beliefs rather than ritual practices. d. ancient sacred scriptures preserved by Afro-Caribbean tribes rather than a set of ritual practices

b. ritual practices rather than a body of beliefs.

Which of the following is a difference between indigenous religions found in America and those found in Asia? a. Indigenous religions in America were brought by African slaves, whereas indigenous religions in Asia were brought by Australian migrants. b. Indigenous religions in America are based on polytheism, whereas indigenous religions in Asia are based on monotheism. c. Many indigenous religions in America have been blended into Christianity, whereas indigenous religions in Asia persist almost untouched. d. Indigenous religions in America are referred to as Yoruba, whereas indigenous religions in Asia are referred to as Lakota.

c. Many indigenous religions in America have been blended into Christianity, whereas indigenous religions in Asia persist almost untouched.

Wendy, a sociology student, holds that the Yoruban high god, Olorun, was born out of the tribe's contact with Christianity. However, Carl, her classmate argues that Yorubans have been worshipping Olorun even before their contact with Christianity. Which of the following statements could support Wendy's claim? a. Yorubas have always been monotheists. b. Yorubas believe that Orisha and not Olorun is the creator and continual giver of life. c. Olorun is a remote high god. d. Olorun is a female high god and is considered to be weaker than the male counterpart.

c. Olorun is a remote high god.

The main model for shamans comes from: a. African tribes b. Caribbean tribes c. Siberian tribes d. Australian tribes

c. Siberian tribes

Jean-Jacques Rousseau held that indigenous peoples: a. are primitive savages and need to be civilized. b. have their religious base in Christianity or Islam. c. are naturally good but so-called civilization corrupts them. d. have the power to revive the dead.

c. are naturally good but so-called civilization corrupts them.

Navajo authorities sued the Urban Outfitters clothing company for its use of the Navajo trademark and name in a new line of clothing. This incident indicates that: a. indigenous elements have no place in mainstream culture. b. sacred objects of indigenous tribes are ridiculed by the majority. c. in today's religious climate, many people have started using indigenous religious elements out of context. d. the indigenous tribes have patented their symbols, and using them without permission is a violation of law.

c. in today's religious climate, many people have started using indigenous religious elements out of context.

Followers of Vodou worship: a. kami. b. babalawo. c. loas. d. orisha.

c. loas.

Which of the following elements is included in Yoruba rituals dealing with ancestry? a. gris-gris b. hallucinatory drugs c. prayers d. mummification

c. prayers

In indigenous religions, who arises from time to time to lead their tribes out of crisis? a. tricksters b. healers c. prophets d. witches

c. prophets

In the Lakota religion, what is used to forge a ritual connection between Wakan Tanka and humankind? a. voodoo doll b. gris-gris c. sacred pipe d. holy shaft

c. sacred pipe

The members of a particular tribe believe that Jabo, one of the members, has the power to heal people. Whenever a tribe member falls ill, he or she is taken to Jabo. In this scenario, Jabo is a: a. kami. b. noble savage. c. shaman. d. trickster.

c. shaman.

Chatan, a 40-year-old resident of North Dakota, belongs to the Lakota tribe. Recently, he attended a ritual for the purification of the spirits with other tribe members in his ancestral town. He most likely: a. participated in the sun dance. b. took part in the transformation ritual. c. used the sweat lodge. d. participated in the vision quest.

c. used the sweat lodge.

Vine Deloria Jr. says that for Native American religion: a. "Their high god Orisha is invoked regularly during religious rituals." b. "The place in which they reside has little significance as they lead a nomadic life and do not stay in any particular place for more than a year." c. "The primary god is Olorun and he is invoked regularly during religious rituals." d. "The sacredness of lands on which previous generations have lived and died is the foundation of all other sentiments."

d. "The sacredness of lands on which previous generations have lived and died is the foundation of all other sentiments."

Which of the following is the primary concern of the Vodou religion? a. It primarily focuses on satisfying its high god, Olorun, by offering sacrifices to him. b. It primarily focuses on converting people from other religions to the Vodou religion. c. It focuses mainly on dominating the natural elements such as the sun, sea, and wind, and using them for one's own good. d. It is preoccupied with bringing its followers into harmony with the gods that control the natural world.

d. It is preoccupied with bringing its followers into harmony with the gods that control the natural world.

How do the Yorubas treat their dead ancestors? a. The Yoruba follow rituals for honoring the dead, but these rituals are purely religious and not cultural-traditional. b. The Yoruba do not offer sacrifices to their dead ancestors. c. The Yoruba do not believe in life after death and so do not offer any prayers to them. d. The Yoruba venerate their dead ancestors.

d. The Yoruba venerate their dead ancestors.

Which of the following is a difference between manaism and animism? a. The latter is the belief in many gods, but the former is a belief in a single God. b. The latter is a belief that gods can be pleased by offering animal sacrifices, but the former is a belief that gods cannot be pleased by offering animal sacrifices. c. The former is the belief that Olorun is the only true God, but the latter is the belief that Orisha is the only true God. d. The former does not connect power to spirits in individual natural things, but the latter does.

d. The former does not connect power to spirits in individual natural things, but the latter does.

Where are indigenous religions found? a. They are restricted to North America. b. They are found only in Africa. c. They are primarily located in the Middle East. d. They are found all around the globe.

d. They are found all around the globe.

Edward B. Tylor, a founder of the field of anthropology, argued in his 1891 book Primitive Culture that all religion began in: a. manaism. b. totemism. c. shamanism. d. animism.

d. animism.

In Yoruban religion, male priests are known as babalawo, which means: a. son of god. b. prince of the sky. c. brother of king/prince. d. father of secrets/priest.

d. father of secrets/priest.

The killing of an entire tribe, racial group, and/or religion is called: a. a hate crime. b. murder. c. extermination. d. genocide.

d. genocide.

According to some scholars, shamanism is the system of religion that: a. encourages its followers to worship shamans as their deities. b. allows only females to assume the role of shamans. c. believes in a single god. d. is based on the work of shamans

d. is based on the work of shamans

In Yoruban religion, the diviners: a. make gris-gris and give it to the people who come to them. b. make voodoo dolls to solve the problems of the people who come to them. c. directly ask the people who come to them about their problems and then chant verses to solve the problems. d. summon the gods and then casts nuts or shells on a divination board to reveal the problems of people.

d. summon the gods and then casts nuts or shells on a divination board to reveal the problems of people.

Indigenous peoples believe: a. that the world needs escaping. b. in the concept of "salvation" and often meditate to achieve it. c. in the concept of "eternal life." d. that the natural harmony of the world needs to be preserved.

d. that the natural harmony of the world needs to be preserved.

The study of indigenous religions poses certain problems including the fact that: a. indigenous people want to keep their religious practices a secret. b. indigenous religions are restricted to North America and Africa. c. most indigenous tribes have manipulated their history while documenting it in the written form. d. there is a lack of adequate archaeological evidence for indigenous peoples.

d. there is a lack of adequate archaeological evidence for indigenous peoples.

Which of the following is the purpose of most indigenous rituals? a. to ward off natural elements b. to harness dangerous powers c. to put curses on people d. to attract good power when needed

d. to attract good power when needed

Which of the following was a cause for the reduction of the eastern Sioux? a. wars with the Ojibwa tribe b. World War I c. wars with the Yoruba tribe d. wars with the Chippewas and the Crees

d. wars with the Chippewas and the Crees