Ch 4 World History Study

In , the Communists won the civil war and the People's Republic of China was formed.

1949

The Schuman Plan was proposed in the year _________.

1950

In which year did communist rule end in Russia?

1991

Former Communist nations began to join the European Union in _______.

2004

In the era immediately following the coup that overthrew Jacobo Árbenz in 1954, how did the United States maintain its influence in Guatemala?

A CIA appointee headed the new dictatorship.

Which figure emerged from the August Coup as a national hero in Russia?

Boris Yeltsin

In what way did the political situation in Vietnam resemble that of Korea in the 1950s?

Both Vietnam and Korea were divided into a Communist North and a non-Communist South.

During World War II, what happened between the Communists and Nationalists in China?

Both sides agreed to stop fighting each other until World War II ended.

What contributed to the downfall of China's republic?

China's presidents did not have enough power.

The Korean War began in 1950 when the

Communist North attacked the non-Communist South.

Which event preceded the revolutions of 1989?

Gorbachev made reforms in the Soviet Union.

Which president established a policy that was named after him and that declared the United States would help any nation resist Communism?

Harry Truman

As Chinese leader, what did Mao Zedong accomplish?

He redistributed land in the countryside to farmers.

Which of these statements accurately describes Joseph Stalin? Check all that apply.

He restricted citizens' personal rights and freedoms. He held absolute power as a totalitarian dictator.

How did Boris Yeltsin become the president of Russia?

He won the country's first open election.

In what way is the European Union similar to a single, independent nation?

It has its own bill of rights.

What was the effect on China of the Boxer Rebellion?

It led China to the verge of collapse.

Which best describes why Egypt's purchase of weapons from the Soviet Union was significant?

It reflected Egypt's willingness to work with the Soviet Union.

What best describes Yugoslavia before its breakup?

It was home to many ethnic groups.

Read this passage about the partition of Korea. "The partition of Korea into two zones dominates the political and economic life of the peninsular. The division of Korea at the 38th parallel has turned into a hard and fast boundary which cuts off all intercourse between the northern and southern halves of the country, except for the exchange of mail and the transfer of surplus electric power from North to South Korea." -The Situation in Korea, 1947 Report The passage says that the partition of Korea

divided the country, both in its political and economic life.

The United Nations was created in 1945 with the purpose of

maintaining world peace

China's economic expansion after the Cultural Revolution is a result of

new capitalist reforms.

Mao Zedong launched the Cultural Revolution in China in response to

new economic policies that threatened social equality.

What is the definition of a common market?

no barriers to trade from nation to nation

After détente was abandoned, the U.S. president believed that the Cold War could be won by

outspending the Soviet Union on weapons.

The Cultural Revolution in China ultimately failed because

people began to seriously question communism.

If Serbia had used the term "murder" rather than "ethnic cleansing" to describe its actions against Muslims, it is likely that they would have

proceeded in exactly the same way.

Under Joseph Stalin, the main purpose of Soviet education was to

produce loyal citizens who contributed to the economy.

Which term best describes Mikhail Gorbachev as the leader of the Soviet Union?

reformer

Industrial production crashed during the Cultural Revolution because

the Red Guards were assigned leadership posts.

Which country launched the first satellite into outer space?

the Soviet Union

Who were the two world superpowers after World War II?

the Soviet Union and the United States

The arms race meant that once the United States built hydrogen bombs,

the Soviet Union built them too.

Who supported the Nationalist Party in the Chinese Civil War?

the United States

Ultimately, the reforms initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev led to

the downfall of the Soviet Union.

What proposed changes in 1960 caused Mao to launch a Cultural Revolution? Check all that apply.

to allow workers to compete for wages to introduce the concept of rural markets to permit farmers to sell excess crops to encourage farmers to own private land

What was Joseph Stalin's goal in creating a command economy?

to outproduce capitalist nations

Joseph Stalin believed he needed absolute authority in the USSR in order to

unite the country and make it strong.

Joseph Stalin placed a high value on motherhood because he

wanted women to produce more workers.

Which type of policies made U.S. leaders believe that Jacobo Árbenz, the democratically elected president of Guatemala, was a communist sympathizer?

Árbenz's land reform policies

What was the main reason Joseph Stalin created collective farms?

Soviet farms were old-fashioned and inefficient.

Under Joseph Stalin, schools were reformed primarily to emphasize

Soviet ideology.

What best describes the "Three Principles of the People"?

Sun Yat-sen's ideas for governing China

Egypt nationalized the Suez Canal during the Suez Crisis. What does this mean?

The Egyptian government took control of the canal.

The student militias that carried out the Cultural Revolution were known as

The Red Guards

Why did President Jimmy Carter believe that the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan posed a significant threat?

The Soviet invasion was likely to expand into neighboring countries.

The line graph shows US defense spending from 1946 to 1968. Which of the following statements best explains this graph?

US defense spending declined after World War II but increased as the Cold War heated up.

If the outcome of the Civil War had been different, how would that most likely have affected China?

Unrest might have continued in much of the country because so many people supported the Communists.

Which of the following resulted from the Vietnam War? Select all that apply.

Vietnam is united under a Communist government. Support for the containment of Communism lessens. Anti-government feelings spread in the United States. Communism spreads to Laos and Cambodia.

If East and West Germany had not reunified, it is most likely that

West Germany would have grown much stronger than East Germany.

Which of these were included in the SALT I treaty? Check all that apply.

a cap on nuclear arms a limit on launch sites

What is the definition of a gulag?

a labor camp

Which of the following best describes NATO?

a military alliance of the United States and other non-Communist nations

What was the Berlin Wall?

a wall that separated East and West Berlin

If Joseph Stalin had set lower production quotas for his first Five-Year Plan, he would have

achieved less impressive results, but at less cost to workers.

Twenty years after the fall of communism, what problem does Belarus face?

an inefficient and outmoded industrial base

Which best describes what occurred during the détente era?

arms limitation

Which of these was a feature of the relationship between the Soviet Union and the United States in the era leading up to détente?

arms race

A protest at Tiananmen Square in 1989 convinced China's leaders to

crack down on democratic protests.

Which of the following phrases best describes West Germany after World War II?

democratic government

The map shows Germany at the height of the Cold War. The inset on the map shows that Berlin was

divided just as Germany was divided.

Which best describes how a proxy war differs from a traditional war?

The opposing powers in a proxy war use others to fight on their behalf.

How did the Soviets respond when East Berliners defected to the West in large numbers?

They built a wall separating East and West Berlin.

How did Deng Xiaoping's economic policies change Chinese culture?

They enabled people to embrace Western goods and ideas.

The European Economic Community was created to

improve trade between European nations.

Which explains a difference between Deng Xiaoping and Mao Zedong in regards to economic policy?

Deng sought to modernize China by introducing capitalism in a limited way, while Mao rejected all capitalist ideas.

What is the most likely reason the republics of Yugoslavia held together until the fall of communism?

Dictator Josep Tito was a very powerful leader.

What was East Germany's biggest problem after it opened its borders?

East Germany lost large numbers of skilled workers.

Why did the collapse of communism lead to increased mortality in Eastern Europe?

Many people were poor, and there were no more free health services.

Read this excerpt from a summary of events in Srebrenica. Zina Hasanovic is one of the lucky ones - she knows what happened to her husband, Haris. As Serbian bullets raced through a group of tightly-packed Muslim prisoners, Haris, mortally wounded, fell on top of his first cousin and best friend, Mevludin Oric. Mevludin lay on the ground, covered in blood and for hours pretended to be dead. He managed to escape to tell Zina of her husband's fate. Why is Zina Hasanovic referred to as "one of the lucky ones"?

Most people never learned the fate of their loved ones.

The _____ was part of Stalin's secret police force.

NKVD

____________ describes the process of a country bringing an industry or sector under government control or ownership.

Nationalization

In 1978, Lech Walesa led a worker's strike in ______.

Poland

Which U.S. president abandoned détente?

Ronald Reagan

Read the passage from a speech on Vietnam given by President Nixon in 1969. "For the future of peace, precipitate withdrawal would thus be a disaster of immense magnitude. —A nation cannot remain great if it betrays its allied and lets down its friends. —Our defeat and humiliation in South Vietnam without question would promote recklessness in the councils of those great powers who have not yet abandoned their goals of world conquest. —This would spark violence wherever our commitments help maintain the peace—in the Middle East, in Berlin, eventually even in the Western Hemisphere . . . For these reasons, I rejected the recommendation that I should end the war by immediately withdrawing all of our forces." —President Richard Nixon Address to the nation Nov. 3, 1969 What foreign policy direction does the President say the United States should follow?

The US should not withdraw from Vietnam, because that would cause problems elsewhere.

Which of the following statements describes how the crisis in Berlin in 1948-1949 was concluded?

The blockade was lifted, and Berlin remained divided.

What is the current state of relations between the Communists and Nationalists in China?

The civil war between the two parties has never truly ended.

What was the name of the theory that said that if one country in a region fell to Communism, others would surely follow?

domino theory

The first step in the reunification of East and West Germany was uniting their

economies

What benefits came from the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe? Check all that apply.

greater freedom of movement growth in entrepreneurship more contact with Western Europe

As a result of the Long March, China's Communist Party

grew stronger and more determined.

Twenty years after the end of communism in Eastern Europe, Slovenia

has a very fast-growing economy.

Read this excerpt from the Charter of the Fundamental Rights and Freedoms of the European Union. The Union contributes to the preservation and to the development of these common values while respecting the diversity of the cultures and traditions of the peoples of Europe as well as the national identities of the Member States and the organization of their public authorities at national, regional and local levels; it seeks to promote balanced and sustainable development and ensures free movement of persons, goods, services and capital, and the freedom of establishment. Based on the excerpt, the European Union values both economic development and

respect for cultures and traditions.

After World War II, the Soviet Union designated many of the countries of Eastern Europe as ______ states.

satellite

Which is a common tactic used in proxy wars?

sponsoring wars of liberation and revolutions

The main goal of China's first Five-Year Plan under Mao Zedong was to

spur economic growth.

The goal of the United States in drawing up the Marshall Plan was to

strengthen the economies of Europe.

Intercontinental ballistic missiles made it possible for a country possessing them to

strike targets far away.

During the 1980s, profit from the sale of weapons to Iran was used to

support the Contras in Nicaragua.

Which organization was created in the 1940s to help nations resist communist influence?

the Organization of American States