Intro to Sociology Pre/Post Test
The level of the Gini coefficient is from ___________ where everyone has the same income and there is no inequality to ___________, where all income goes to one person and everyone else has none
0; 1
Tell me what the mode is in this data array: 1, 3, 5, 5, 7, 9
5
According to Durkheim religion is:
A system of beliefs and practices related to sacred things that unites people in a moral community
The founder of sociology is ___________
Auguste Comte
In terms of population, starting with the country with the largest population in the world, the three largest countries in the world are:
China, India, United States
Basic trust is the first stage of ___________ eight stages of human development
Erik Erikson's
T or F: The Islamic countries have greater gender equality than most of the Western industrialized countries
False
___________ is the physiological ability, capacity, or potential to reproduce
Fecundity
Crane is a Native American. Her ancestors honored symbolic objects that depicted animals and plants. Crane's ancestors practiced ___________
Totemism
T or F: Creative destruction refers to the view that the essence of capitalism is the perennial cycle of destroying the old and less efficient product or service and replacing it with new more efficient ones
True
T or F: It is possible to be prejudiced against the group to which one belongs
True
T or F: According to Adorno, the "authoritarian personality" is usually the result of family environment
true
T or F: The opposite of "sacred" is "profane"
true
With the rise of the state came ___________ in chronic raiding and feuding that had characterized life in hunting and gathering and horticultural societies, resulting in a more or less ___________ in rates of violent death
an increase; fivefold increase
Emile Durkheim coined this term to refer to uncomfortable state of arousal that individuals may experience when norms are in flux and guidelines for behavior are no longer clear
anomie
Research indicates what is true with regard to children from unions characterized by multiple partner fertility? Even when researchers control for social class, race, and ethnicity, children from these unions ___________
are more likely to report poor relationships with their parents, have behavioral problems, and experience a variety of academic problems including school failure
___________ refers to parental discipline based on logical reasoning and explanation
authoritative control
According to the Kuznets curve, the market forces of industrial capitalism ___________
cause inequality to increase during the early stages of industrialization and decrease during the later stage of industrialization, eventually stabilizing at low levels
___________ authority is legitimized on the basis of the exceptional qualities that are attributed to a leader by her or his followers
charismatic
In the United States, the median age at first marriage has been ___________ for decades
climbing
___________ theorists are consistently and highly critical of the process of globalization
conflict
The extent to which a measure relates to other variables as predicted by theory is termed ___________ validity.
construct
In the United States, Black and Hispanic youth ___________
consume nearly 4.5 more media a day than do white youth
Gender refers to ___________
cultural notions of masculinity and femininity
According to the National Crime Victimization Survey, the number of property crimes ___________ between 2002-2011
declined
Between 2007-2011 in the United States, the number of hate crimes ___________
decreased by 31.9%
In South Africa, whites were the numeric minority but had the greatest level of power. As such, whites were the ___________
dominant group
Conflict perspectives on racial and ethnic inequality are based on the assumption that
economic stratification and unequal access to power place minority group members at a distinct disadvantage as compared to dominant group members
What are OECD countries?
economically advanced
According to Alexis de Tocqueville, membership in voluntary associations in the United States ___________
gives rise to and perpetuates local democracy, fulfills individual, community, and societal needs
Little Havana is a neighborhood in Miami where Cuban immigrants live together and assert cultural distinction from the dominant group. As such, Little Havana is a(n):
ethnic enclave
T or F: Clearance rates for property crime are higher than clearance rates for violent crime
false
___________ theorists tend to look for, and find, ways that globalization helps societies to exist across time
functionalist
Neonatal mortality is ___________
infant death that occurs within the first 27 days of life
Sovereignty ___________
is a state's right, at least in principle, to do whatever it wants within its own territory; according to the principle of sovereignty, states are separate, autonomous, and answer to no higher authority
In terms of population projection of high-income, medium income, and low income countries, 2010 to 2050, the highest growth is expected to occur in ___________ countries
low income
Where is the United States in terms of the Gini coefficient? The United States has a Gini that is ___________
mid-range
Murder rates are highest in ___________ societies
modern industrial societies
The prohibition of the practice of suttee by British authorities in India during the nineteenth century is an example of a ___________
more
In terms of suicide rates per 100,000 population in the United States, of the following demographic groups, the highest suicide rates are among ___________.
non-Hispanic white males
The incidence per 1,000 children of physical abuse, sexual abuse, and emotional abuse is highest in which type of family structure or living arrangement in the United States?
parent with cohabiting partner
Low-income countries are the ___________ countries
periphery
According to Max Weber, an ethnic group is a group that entertains a subjective belief in its common decent because of similarities of ___________
physical type, custom, and memories of colonization and migration
Sociologists refer to low-paying, female-dominated occupations as ___________
pink-collar jobs
Network ties ___________
provide comfort in times of personal loss, provide minor services, provide information
In social network analysis, the term strong ties refers to ___________
relationships characterized by intimacy, emotional intensity, and sharing
In the statement "Sociology helps me understand social life," the independent variable is ___________
sociology
Conservation of mass and of measure emerge during this stage of development according to Jean Piaget
the concrete operational stage
Marx stated that religion was
the opiate of the masses
The exact and predictive sciences, formation of the state, and the rise of foreign trade are characteristics of social life that first emerge ___________
with the city as a form of human habitation