Intro to Sociology Pre/Post Test

The level of the Gini coefficient is from ___________ where everyone has the same income and there is no inequality to ___________, where all income goes to one person and everyone else has none

0; 1

Tell me what the mode is in this data array: 1, 3, 5, 5, 7, 9

5

According to Durkheim religion is:

A system of beliefs and practices related to sacred things that unites people in a moral community

The founder of sociology is ___________

Auguste Comte

In terms of population, starting with the country with the largest population in the world, the three largest countries in the world are:

China, India, United States

Basic trust is the first stage of ___________ eight stages of human development

Erik Erikson's

T or F: The Islamic countries have greater gender equality than most of the Western industrialized countries

False

___________ is the physiological ability, capacity, or potential to reproduce

Fecundity

Crane is a Native American. Her ancestors honored symbolic objects that depicted animals and plants. Crane's ancestors practiced ___________

Totemism

T or F: Creative destruction refers to the view that the essence of capitalism is the perennial cycle of destroying the old and less efficient product or service and replacing it with new more efficient ones

True

T or F: It is possible to be prejudiced against the group to which one belongs

True

T or F: According to Adorno, the "authoritarian personality" is usually the result of family environment

true

T or F: The opposite of "sacred" is "profane"

true

With the rise of the state came ___________ in chronic raiding and feuding that had characterized life in hunting and gathering and horticultural societies, resulting in a more or less ___________ in rates of violent death

an increase; fivefold increase

Emile Durkheim coined this term to refer to uncomfortable state of arousal that individuals may experience when norms are in flux and guidelines for behavior are no longer clear

anomie

Research indicates what is true with regard to children from unions characterized by multiple partner fertility? Even when researchers control for social class, race, and ethnicity, children from these unions ___________

are more likely to report poor relationships with their parents, have behavioral problems, and experience a variety of academic problems including school failure

___________ refers to parental discipline based on logical reasoning and explanation

authoritative control

According to the Kuznets curve, the market forces of industrial capitalism ___________

cause inequality to increase during the early stages of industrialization and decrease during the later stage of industrialization, eventually stabilizing at low levels

___________ authority is legitimized on the basis of the exceptional qualities that are attributed to a leader by her or his followers

charismatic

In the United States, the median age at first marriage has been ___________ for decades

climbing

___________ theorists are consistently and highly critical of the process of globalization

conflict

The extent to which a measure relates to other variables as predicted by theory is termed ___________ validity.

construct

In the United States, Black and Hispanic youth ___________

consume nearly 4.5 more media a day than do white youth

Gender refers to ___________

cultural notions of masculinity and femininity

According to the National Crime Victimization Survey, the number of property crimes ___________ between 2002-2011

declined

Between 2007-2011 in the United States, the number of hate crimes ___________

decreased by 31.9%

In South Africa, whites were the numeric minority but had the greatest level of power. As such, whites were the ___________

dominant group

Conflict perspectives on racial and ethnic inequality are based on the assumption that

economic stratification and unequal access to power place minority group members at a distinct disadvantage as compared to dominant group members

What are OECD countries?

economically advanced

According to Alexis de Tocqueville, membership in voluntary associations in the United States ___________

gives rise to and perpetuates local democracy, fulfills individual, community, and societal needs

Little Havana is a neighborhood in Miami where Cuban immigrants live together and assert cultural distinction from the dominant group. As such, Little Havana is a(n):

ethnic enclave

T or F: Clearance rates for property crime are higher than clearance rates for violent crime

false

___________ theorists tend to look for, and find, ways that globalization helps societies to exist across time

functionalist

Neonatal mortality is ___________

infant death that occurs within the first 27 days of life

Sovereignty ___________

is a state's right, at least in principle, to do whatever it wants within its own territory; according to the principle of sovereignty, states are separate, autonomous, and answer to no higher authority

In terms of population projection of high-income, medium income, and low income countries, 2010 to 2050, the highest growth is expected to occur in ___________ countries

low income

Where is the United States in terms of the Gini coefficient? The United States has a Gini that is ___________

mid-range

Murder rates are highest in ___________ societies

modern industrial societies

The prohibition of the practice of suttee by British authorities in India during the nineteenth century is an example of a ___________

more

In terms of suicide rates per 100,000 population in the United States, of the following demographic groups, the highest suicide rates are among ___________.

non-Hispanic white males

The incidence per 1,000 children of physical abuse, sexual abuse, and emotional abuse is highest in which type of family structure or living arrangement in the United States?

parent with cohabiting partner

Low-income countries are the ___________ countries

periphery

According to Max Weber, an ethnic group is a group that entertains a subjective belief in its common decent because of similarities of ___________

physical type, custom, and memories of colonization and migration

Sociologists refer to low-paying, female-dominated occupations as ___________

pink-collar jobs

Network ties ___________

provide comfort in times of personal loss, provide minor services, provide information

In social network analysis, the term strong ties refers to ___________

relationships characterized by intimacy, emotional intensity, and sharing

In the statement "Sociology helps me understand social life," the independent variable is ___________

sociology

Conservation of mass and of measure emerge during this stage of development according to Jean Piaget

the concrete operational stage

Marx stated that religion was

the opiate of the masses

The exact and predictive sciences, formation of the state, and the rise of foreign trade are characteristics of social life that first emerge ___________

with the city as a form of human habitation