Introduction to Psychology M 39: LearningCurve 39a. Basic Concepts of Psychological Disorders and Mood Disorders

At some point during their lifetime, depressive disorders have plagued about _____ percent of Canadian adults and 17 percent of U.S. adults.

12

Clem often interrupts his teacher while she is speaking and frequently forgets to complete his homework assignments. He also has difficulty taking turns in playground games with classmates. Clem most clearly exhibits symptoms of _____ disorder.

ADHD

The _____ dropped homosexuality as a mental disorder because many of its members no longer viewed it as a psychological problem.

American Psychiatric Association

Personality disorders are to _____ as clinical syndromes are to _____

Axis II; Axis I

Dr. Sorenson meets with a client who displays both psychological problems and problems functioning in her daily life. Which of the five axes of the DSM-IV-TR would Dr. Sorenson use to assess this client's personal functioning?

Axis V

is characterized by moods that alternate between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the euphoric, hyperactive state of mania.

Bipolar disorder

Vanna is interested in studying psychological disorders. If she wants to study the classification system most often used in the U.S., she should read the _____.

DSM-IV-TR

Tonya is interested in studying psychological disorders. If she wants to study the classification system most often used in the U.S., she should read the:

DSM-IV-TR.

conducted a study examining the biasing power of diagnostic labels.

David Rosenhan

Which statement is not true concerning diagnostic labels?

Diagnostic labels ensure an automatic cure.

Ellie is a third-generation Chinese American. Hung-Chu recently emigrated from China as an adult. Which individual is at a higher risk for psychological disorder?

Ellie

Personality disorders and mental retardation belong on which Axis?

II

You have just finished evaluating a person suffering from schizophrenia who has considerable legal and financial difficulties. This patient's legal and financial difficulties belong on DSM-IV-TR axis _____.

IV

According to data from the National Institute of Mental Health, _____ is the most common anxiety disorder in the U.S.

Phobia

Naima washes her hands about 50 times a day because she is afraid of the germs that seem to be everywhere, and her hand-washing interferes with her job. Rana washes her hands about 50 times a day because, as a nurse practitioner, it is an important part of her job. Why does Naima's hand washing indicate a psychological disorder while Rana's does not?

Rana's behavior does not cause her distress nor dysfunction.

Regarding suicide, researchers have reported which of the following?

Research has shown that all of these facts about suicide are true.

_____ is a mental disorder most likely to lead to poverty.

Schizophrenia

According to a study in 2004 by the World Health Organization, the lowest rate of reported mental disorders was in:

Shanghai.

An overabundance of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine is most likely to be associated with:

a manic episode.

Brian often interrupts his teacher while she is speaking and frequently forgets to complete his homework assignments. He also has difficulty taking turns in playground games with classmates. Brian most clearly exhibits symptoms of:

attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

An integrated understanding of psychological disorders in terms of stressful memories, evolutionary processes, and gender roles is most clearly provided by a(n) _____ approach

biopsychosocial

Dr. Cobbs believes that psychological disorders are influenced by genetic predispositions and physiological states. He is also aware that inner psychological dynamics, social dynamics, and culture influence psychological disorders. Dr. Cobbs believes in a:

biopsychosocial model.

Personality disorders are to Axis II as _____ are to Axis I.

clinical syndromes

The brains of people who suffer from _____ tend to have low levels of serotonin

depression

In a study in 1973 that examined the biasing power of _____ labels, researchers went to mental hospital admissions offices and complained of "hearing voices" saying empty, hollow, and thud. This was the only complaint they reported, and they displayed no other symptoms. They were admitted and released an average of 19 days later.

diagnostic

Dysfunctional behaviors are more likely to be considered disordered when also judged to be:

distressful.

Elsa is a 50-year-old teacher who is openly gay. According to the American Psychiatric Association (APA), Elsa's homosexuality

is not classified as an illness.

A large pharmaceutical company is conducting a clinical trial for a new antidepressant to treat major depressive disorder. It is concerned with the efficacy and safety of the new medication. Its perspective is most aligned with the _____ model.

medical

At one time, disordered people were simply warehoused in asylums. Asylums have been replaced with psychiatric hospitals, where attempts are made to diagnose and cure people suffering from psychological disorders. This best illustrates one of the beneficial consequences of the _____ model.

medical

Gena believes that people with psychological disorders are suffering from diseases that have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and sometimes even cured. Gena believes in the _____ model of psychological disorders.

medical

Heather believes that people with psychological disorders are suffering from diseases that have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and sometimes even cured. Heather believes in the _____ model of psychological disorders.

medical

Historically there have been a variety of models used to explain psychological disorders. The ___________ model assumes that mental disorders have physical causes that can be diagnosed and treated.

medical

According to data from the National Institute of Mental Health, _____ is the LEAST common anxiety disorder in the U.S.

obsessive-compulsive disorder

According to data from the National Institute of Mental Health, _____ is the MOST common anxiety disorder in the U.S.

phobia of a specific object or situation

In one study, Riskind et al. (1987) found that psychologists agreed on patients' DSM diagnoses 83 percent of the time. The consistency of these DSM diagnoses means that the DSM is:

reliable.

Finn has been diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Which of the following behaviors will Finn probably not be exhibiting?

severe aggression

The percentage of Americans who reported suffering from _____ in 2008 was 6.8 percent.

social phobia

The _____ perspective has linked the experience of depression with learned helplessness

social-cognitive

According to one study, immigrants to _____ from Mexico, Africa, and Asia average better mental health than their native counterparts

the United States

According to a study in 2004 by the World Health Organization, the highest rate of reported mental disorders was in:

the United States.