Introduction to Psychology- Test One

Kelsey had a CT scan that showed a tumor in the right frontal cortex. Which of the following behavioral symptoms most likely prompted the scan to take place?

motor skill deficits in the left side of her body

Kelsey had a CT scan that showed a tumor in the right frontal cortex. Which of the following behavioral symptoms most likely prompted the scan to take place?

motor skills deficits in the left side of her body

Patwardhan et al. report data from a study where they hired experimental confederates to attend speed dating events, posing as daters, and carefully take notes on the behaviors of the daters. What type of research design did they use?

naturalistic obersvation survey

Patwardhan et al. report data from a study where they hired experimental confederates to attend speed dating events, posing as daters, and carefully take notes on the behaviors of the daters. What type of research design did they use?

naturalistic observation

retroactive interference

new information hinders recall of old information

Dmitris is in a car accident and his parietal lobe is injured. Which of the following is the most likely behavioral effect of his accident?

no sensation in his legs and feet

If you show an adult a toy, and then hide it behind a curtain, the adult knows that the toy still exists. However, infants act as if a hidden object no longer exists. What does this exemplify?

object permanence

Which of the following exemplifies the unconditional positive regard component of client-centered therapy?

abby tells her therapist that she tripped a small child who got in her way, and her therapist accecpts this information without judgement

Penelope studies how the structure and function of the nervous system is related to behavior. she is a....?

bio-psychologist

Dr. Mattar is interested in knowing more about brain injury to the occipital cortex, and he studies patients individually in order to gain in-depth knowledge about their behaviors. These studies would best be described as ________.

case studies

emotional conditioning

clown=eek puppies=awww

Which kind of psychologist would be consulted in jury selection and witness preparation?

forensic

emotional conditioning- implicit memory

links perceptual information to an emotional response

A group of preschool-age children are enrolled in a study that plans to follow them over time in order to assess behaviors and other characteristics that may predict later development of schizophrenia. This is an example of a(n) ________ design.

longitudinal

The ________ is the deep groove that separates the brain into two halves.

longitudinal fissure

Jennifer has been depressed for several months, and she decided to take an overdose of sleeping pills. After taking the pills, her breathing rate decreased dramatically, her heart slowed down, and her blood pressure decreased. Which brain structure is the drug acting on?

medulla

episodic memory-explicit memory

memory about happenings in particular places at particular times, the what, where, and when of an event

Rosemary had a stroke about a year ago and now she cannot understand what people are saying to her. This is embarrassing for her, so she responds using vague language and tries to make it appear as though she understands. Which area of Rosemary's brain was likely damaged by the stroke?

wernicks's area

Which of the following is an example of research someone might conduct in the area of health psychology?

whether people working at a desk are more likely to be obese

Dr. Bogdarian noticed that one of her students addresses her with the word mother instead of the word professor or doctor. Dr. Bogdarian applies the principles of ________, and hypothesizes the student misspeaks because he is unconsciously associating her with his mother.

psychoanalytic theory

refers to transferring information from short-term memory to long-term memory

storage

Which of the following represents a weak positive correlation? a) -0.9 b) 0 c) +0.2 d) +0.9

+0.2

Which correlation coefficient best represents a moderate relationship showing fewer anxiety symptoms in people who report higher life satisfaction? a) -0.5 b) -0.2 c) +0.4 d) +0.7

-0.5

Of adoptees whose biological mothers had schizophrenia and who were raised in disturbed family environments, 36.8% were likely to develop schizophrenia; of adoptees whose mothers did not have schizophrenia and who were raised in disturbed family environments, 5.3% were likely to develop schizophrenia. What is the most appropriate conclusion of these results?

Environmental factors and genetic factors interact to determine whether a person is likely to develop schizophrenia.

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the case study of Phineas Gage's accident, which led to brain injury?

Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, and specific brain areas are linked to particular behaviors.

The ________ is involved in our experience of emotion and tying emotional meaning to our memories.

amygdala

Which of the following statements is not a hypothesis? a) Aggressive behaviors in female rats will be increased by testosterone administration, compared to a control group. b) College students with higher conscientiousness will achieve higher overall GPAs than those with lower conscientiousness. c) Anxiety disorders are caused by a combination of genetic and environmental influences. d) Rats with damage to their cerebellum will display deficits in motor coordination, using the rotarod test.

c) Anxiety disorders are caused by a combination of genetic and environmental influences.

Sandra strongly believes that attending daycare is detrimental to children s development so she decides to write her psychology term paper on this topic. She does a literature search and finds several sources supporting her opinion, but she finds that the majority of research indicates that children attending daycare experience healthy development. She writes a paper using the sources that find negative associations with daycare attendance. This is an example of ________.

confirmation bias

When studying personality traits, someone who is hardworking, dependable, and organized will score high on the ________ trait.

conscientiousness

hippocampus

damage to it can inhibit ability to form new memories

Lucy wants to study changes in cognitive skills, moral reasoning, and social behavior across the lifespan. Lucy should specialize in ________ psychology

developmental

Which of the following exemplifies the empirical method?

dr. sarkeesian observes and records how watching cartoons influences heart rates

concerns perceiving, recognizing, and further processing an object so that it can be later remembered

encoding

Which of the following research designs will allow cause-and-effect conclusions?

experimental

When studying personality traits, someone who is quiet, reserved, and withdrawn will score low on the ________ trait.

extroversion

Parsons et al. are doing a study comparing differences in brain activity levels between patients with schizophrenia and controls with no psychological disorders. Their hypothesis requires a high level of detail and good detection of differences over time. Which of the following is the best brain imaging technique to use?

functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Wendy's mother has blue eyes and her father has brown eyes. The allele for brown eye color is dominant (B) to the allele for blue eye color (b), but Wendy has blue eyes. Therefore, Wendy's ________ must be ________ and her father s must be Bb.

genotype; bb

A series of dots arranged in the shape of a face will be perceived as a face, not a series of dots. A psychologist studying this phenomenon is applying the principals of ________.

gestalt psychology

example of episodic memory

graduation, birthday, wedding

An intelligence test yields the same results when administered on three separate occasions. However, the test s results are more strongly correlated with hours spent doing homework than they are with other standardized intelligence tests. This test has________ reliability and ________ validity.

high; low

________ is a state of equilibrium, in which biological conditions (such as body temperature) are maintained at optimal levels.

homeostasis

Elaina has been diagnosed with a small brain tumor. She first went to see her doctor after experiencing symptoms such as feeling very cold, almost fainting, a reduced appetite, and reduced sexual desire. Which of the following structures is her tumor most likely affecting?

hypothalamus

which of the following exemplifies a personality trait? A) ida is charming B) james has blue eyes C) marsha has 3 kids

ida is charming

The belief that strange behavior is linked to the occurrence of a full moon is an example of a(n) ________.

illusory correlation

hippocampus

important in consolidation of information from STM to LTM

Spurling et al. investigated the effects of two vocabulary learning strategies on word retention two weeks later. In this example, learning strategy is the ________ variable and word retention is the ________ variable.

independent; dependent

conduct research on personnel management, workplace environment, product and efficiency

industrial- organization

Guillermo spends some time each day applying the principles of structuralism to examine his own conscious experience as carefully as possible. Guillermo is engaged in ________.

introspection

prefrontal cortex

involved in working and STM

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a good hypothesis?

it is complex

procedural memory- implicit memory

it store information on how to do things

Which of the following is not involved in critical thinking?

knowing your opinion is correct

semantic memory-explicit memory

knowledge about words, concepts, and language based on knowledge and facts

mnemonic device

knuckles for the months of the year

proactive interference

old information hinders recall of new information

People who have their corpus callosum severed for medical reasons would be able to tell you about which images shown to ________.

only the right visual field

I provide Ralph with the positive reinforcement of a candy bar when he does something I like. I punish him by squirting him with a squirt gun when he does something I don t like. I am applying the principles of ________ in an attempt to modify Ralph s behavior.

operant conditioning

A(n) ________ is a description of how the researchers will measure the variables of interest.

operational definition theory

The ________ nervous system is responsible for stimulating digestion and causing the bladder to contract.

parasympathetic

identify relatively consistent patterns of thought and behavior, measure these traits, and determine how these traits interact in a particular context to determine how a person will behave...conducting research in what?

personality

The ________ connects the brain and the spinal cord.

pons

Ainsley is participating in a study that aims to determine whether the occipital cortex becomes more active in response to moving versus stationary stimuli. When she arrives at the lab, she ingests a tracer and then enters the scanning machine. What type of brain imaging is most likely being conducted in this study?

positron emission tomography (PET)

4 parts of the brain involved in memory

prefrontal cortex amygdala hippocampus cerebellum

example of semantic memory

president, capital of north dakota, football game

cerebellum

processing of procedural memories

Drs. Goran and Lieberman are interested in assessing differences in pain threshold between men and women. They recruit male and female participants to a study that assesses tolerance for thermal pain. This is an example of a(n) ________ study.

quasi-experiment

In order to maximize the chances that experimental groups represent the population of interest, researchers should conduct ________ and ________.

random sampling; random group assignment

amygdala

regulate emotions how memories are stored memory consolidation encoding memory

concerns searching long-term memory and finding the event that has been stored and retrieved

retrieval

example of procedural

riding a bike, playing piano, shoe tie

sensory memory

seconds or fractions of a second and very large

Susan wants to study prejudice, attraction, how we explain our own behavior versus how we explain the behavior of others, and how we resolve interpersonal conflicts. Susan should conduct research in the area of ________.

social psychology

The ________ nervous system is responsible for responses such as pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and increased respiration.

sympathetic

The ________ of a neuron contain ________ that house neurotransmitters, the chemical messengers of the nervous system.

terminal buttons; synaptic vesicles

Scientific knowledge is advanced through a process known as ________.

the scientific method

One hundred introductory psychology students are surveyed about their intended majors. The results indicate that more women than men intend to pursue a psychology major, whereas more men than women intend to pursue a history major. What do these results indicate?

there is a relationship between gender and intended major

Research shows that people who smoke cigarettes are more likely to get lung cancer than those who do not smoke. This research alone demonstrates that ________.

there is a relationship between smoking and lung cancer

What do industrial and organizational psychology, health psychology, sport and exercise psychology, forensic psychology, and clinical psychology all have in common?

they are all examples of applied psychology

Char heard from her friends that marijuana use can cure glaucoma so it should be legal in all 50 states. Char knows that she is biased in favor of marijuana legalization, so she decides to exercise some skepticism about this claim. She researches where her friends got their information, how reliable it is, and what other sources say about legalizing marijuana. Char is ________.

thinking critically

retrograde amnesia

trouble with past events

anterograde amnesia

trouble with present events

Devine et al. are interested in assessing whether active versus passive play causes a preference for sweet or salty foods in toddlers. They assign groups of children to either an active play, passive play, or no play group and record their food choices when presented with a variety of sweet and salty foods. In this study, ________ is the independent variable and ________ is the control group.

type of play; no play

A particular electrical signal being transmitted to a neuron is sufficient to generate an action potential. If the magnitude of the incoming electrical signal is doubled, the action potential will ________.

undergo no changes in strength, speed, or duration

Which of the following would be the best example of a valid naturalistic observation study in driving behavior?

watching footage obtained from cameras set up unobtrusively on various streets

Which of the following would be difficult to assess using empirical research?

whether the id, ego, superego is most responsible for emotional reactions