IPHY Final

Octavia eats toast and fruit for breakfast before going to class. Her body does not use all of the carbohydrates immediately, so where can they be stored? A. Brain B. Spleen C. Kidneys D. Liver & muscles

D. Liver & muscles

Which of the following foods should someone with celiac disease avoid consuming? A. Scrambled eggs fried in canola oil B. Bananas C. Steamed brown rice D. Mushrooms marinated in soy sauce

D. Mushrooms marinated in soy sauce

In the following dinner, which of the following foods provides amino acids that are best absorbed by the body? A. Carrots B. Garlic mashed potatoes (garlic, potatoes, butter) C. Dinner roll D. Roast beef

D. Roast beef

Select the food below that is the most common source of added sugars in the American diet. A. 100% fruit juice B. Apples C. Oatmeal D. Soda (such as Mt. Dew)

D. Soda (such as Mt. Dew)

Which of the following foods and their associated nutrient would be best for someone who wants to decrease free radicals in their body? A. Celery, which is high in vitamin B12 B. Olive oil, which is high in vitamin C C. Milk, which is high in vitamin D D. Strawberries, which are high in vitamin C

D. Strawberries, which are high in vitamin C

Nina is starting a training program for the Bolder Boulder 10K (6.2 mile) run in May. Who is likely to be the most reputable source for Nina to talk to about changing her diet to support her training? A. A registered dietitian B. A registered nurse C. A high school physical education teacher D. A chiropractor

A. A registered dietitian

What category was added to nutrition facts labels on food packaging as of January 2020 to contribute to consumers' overall knowledge about packaged food? A. Added sugars B. Trans fat C. Glycemic index number D. Total calories

A. Added sugars

The vast majority of individuals with type 2 diabetes are: A. overweight or obese. B. diagnosed before the age of 15. C. individuals who had type 1 diabetes as children and progressed to D. type 2 diabetes after the age of 45. at risk for developing arthritis due to the presence of diabetes.

A. overweight or obese

The majority of dietary chloride is consumed from: A. salt, either in processed foods or used at the table. B. animal-based protein sources. C. vitamin supplements. D. tomatoes

A. salt, either in processed foods or used at the table

Pregnant women should be cautious of _______ overconsumption due to the potential risk of _______. A. Vitamin A; xerophthalmia B. Vitamin A; birth defects C. Vitamin E; scurvy D. Vitamin E; birth defects

B. Vitamin A; birth defects

An excess of free radicals in the body can increase the risk for cardiovascular disease. Choose the statement that describes this relationship accurately. A. Free radicals attack LDLs, producing oxidized LDLs. Oxidized LDLs are very likely to get caught in the plaque that is forming in arteries, contributing to the growth of that plaque. B. Free radicals react with HDLs producing oxidized HDLs. Oxidized HDLs are known for forming stubborn plaques on artery walls due to their high density. C. Excess free radicals attach directly to the arteries in the brain and heart and increase the chance of plaque accumulating there. D. When multiple free radicals are present together in the body, the bond together and can create a blockage in an artery in the heart or the brain.

A. Free radicals attack LDLs, producing oxidized LDLs. Oxidized LDLs are very likely to get caught in the plaque that is forming in arteries, contributing to the growth of that plaque.

A football coach sees that one of his players has collapsed during an outdoor practice. After pulling him into the shade, the coach touches the player's forehead and notices that his skin is hot and dry. What heat illness is the player most likely suffering from? A. Heat stroke B. The information provided is not enough to determine what illness the player may have. C. Heat cramps D. Heat exhaustion

A. Heat stroke

What does it mean for a nutrient to be essential? A. It must be eaten in the diet B. It is produced in the body and is not found in food C. At least 1000 mg of it must be consumed every day D. It must be taken as a dietary supplemement

A. It must be eaten in the diet

Theo is trying to increase his calcium intake but does not like to drink milk. Which of these might be a better food group to focus on? A. Leafy greens often provide a surprisingly high amount of calcium. However some, like spinach, can have issues with bioavailability. B. Strawberries are the richest source of calcium, providing even more than dairy products. C. Many beans contain high levels of calcium and sometimes also contain vitamin D to help increase bioavailability. D. Calcium supplements offer no risk of toxic overconsumption and are the next best source to dairy.

A. Leafy greens often provide a surprisingly high amount of calcium. However some, like spinach, can have issues with bioavailability.

An endurance athlete who runs a marathon over a period of several hours could be at risk of hyponatremia. What is hyponatremia and what behavior may cause this? A. Low blood sodium level; consuming only water throughout the race. B. High blood sodium level; consuming high levels of sport drinks at each aid station. C. Low blood sodium level; consuming only solid foods during the marathon. D. High blood potassium level; consuming salted pretzels every 15 minutes during the marathon.

A. Low blood sodium level; consuming only water throughout the race.

Which of the following nutrients must be consumed in the diet because the body cannot make it? A. Omega-6 fatty acid B. Saturated fatty acids C. Non-essential fatty acids D. Glucose

A. Omega-6 fatty acid

Ion just consumed a whole wheat bagel. The starch in the bagel is then broken down, in part, by __________ in the __________. A. Pancreatic amylase; small intestine B. Salivary lipase; mouth C. Pepsin; large intestine D. Brush border enzymes; mouth

A. Pancreatic amylase; small intestine

New FDA regulations regarding serving sizes of foods denote that a 12-ounce and a 20-ounce bottled drink are each equal to one serving size. How is it that two drinks with different volumes are both considered to be one serving size? A. Serving sizes are now determined by what people typically consume, and since people typically consume a bottled drink in one sitting, both sizes constitute a single serving size. B. The FDA regulates serving sizes based on the number of calories in a beverage. According to the FDA, bottled drinks that contain calories between 0-300 calories are considered to be one serving. C. Serving sizes are determined by the capacity of the stomach and how much volume it can handle at one time, which is a maximum of 20 ounces. D. The FDA regulates serving sizes based on the volume of a beverage. According to the FDA, bottled drinks with a fluid volume between 0-20 ounces are considered to be one serving.

A. Serving sizes are now determined by what people typically consume, and since people typically consume a bottled drink in one sitting, both sizes constitute a single serving size.

Which of the following would make Julio feel the most satiated (full)? Assume that each provides the same number of calories. A. Steak and lentils (high protein) B. Apple slices with caramel dipping sauce (high carbohydrate) C. Bacon with avocado slices (high fat) D. White toast with butter (high carbohydrate)

A. Steak and lentils (high protein)

What is the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes? A. Type 1 is an autoimmune disease in which the body destroys pancreatic cells that make insulin; Type 2 diabetes is when the body becomes resistant to insulin B. Type 2 diabetes is when the body does not have sufficient insulin production during pregnancy; Type 1 is when the pancreas stops producing insulin C. Type 2 diabetes is an autoimmune disease where the cells become insensitive to insulin; Type 1 is when the body destroys pancreatic cells D. Type 1 diabetes is when the body does not have sufficient insulin production during pregnancy; Type 2 is when the pancreas stops producing insulin

A. Type 1 is an autoimmune disease in which the body destroys pancreatic cells that make insulin; Type 2 diabetes is when the body becomes resistant to insulin

Which of the following changes in Nikola's diet would promote a reduction in his LDL cholesterol levels? A. Using olive oil to sauté vegetables in instead of butter. B. Consuming fewer fruits and vegetables. C. Cooking with lard instead of canola oil. D. Consuming steak instead of a vegetable salad when eating out.

A. Using olive oil to sauté vegetables in instead of butter.

Mildred is 80 years old and would like to start weightlifting to reduce her risk for osteoporosis. What is the best thing to say to Mildred? A. You should talk with your doctor to make sure it will be safe for you, but elderly individuals can certainly benefit from weightlifting. B. Weightlifting is safe at any age, so go to the gym and get started. C. No one over age 70 should lift weights. D. Weightlifting will not reduce your risk for osteoporosis; it is better to start running every day.

A. You should talk with your doctor to make sure it will be safe for you, but elderly individuals can certainly benefit from weightlifting.

Cancer is a group of related diseases characterized by: A. cells that divide rapidly in an uncontrolled manner. B. the accumulation of plaque in the arteries. C. excess vitamin A in the body causing injury to the heart. D. cells that take on too much water, increasing the risk for bursting.

A. cells that divide rapidly in an uncontrolled manner.

Which of the following individuals should consume extra vitamin C each day? A. Danny, a manager of a busy grocery store. B. Alvie, a cigarette smoker. C. Emerson, a university lacrosse player. D. Lori, a mom of four children.

B. Alvie, a cigarette smoker.

Sugar alcohols are often found in _______________. When eaten in large amounts, ____________ is a common side effect. A. Cookies; blurred vision B. Candy and gum; GI distress C. Whole grain bread; a headache D. Green vegetables; a peptic ulcer

B. Candy and gum; GI distress

Which of the following is not a side effect of cancer treatment killing healthy rapidly dividing cells? A. Hair loss B. Enhanced absorption of iron into the body C. Vomiting and GI tract problems D. Changes in taste or smell

B. Enhanced absorption of iron into the body

How might rapid and excessive water consumption be fatal? A. An excess of water in the body has nowhere to go so it begins leaking into the lungs, literally drowning the person. B. Excessive water intake causes water to accumulate outside of cells. In an effort to balance the electrolyte concentrations inside and outside of the cells, water will move into the cells. When this happens in the brain, severe cell damage can happen, eventually causing death. C. Since water is a base, overconsumption can increase the blood pH, eventually leading to death. D. Rapid overconsumption of water leads to lower sodium levels in the blood, which can immediately result in death via hypertension.

B. Excessive water intake causes water to accumulate outside of cells. In an effort to balance the electrolyte concentrations inside and outside of the cells, water will move into the cells. When this happens in the brain, severe cell damage can happen, eventually causing death.

Consuming adequate amounts of fruits and vegetables is known to reduce the risk of developing cancer. Which of the following statements does not accurately explain the relationship between fruits and vegetables and reduced cancer risk? A. Fruits and vegetables are rich in fiber, which can possibly bind to carcinogens in the GI tract. B. Fruits and vegetables contain folate, which promotes apoptosis in cancer cells. C. Fruits and vegetables are usually nutrient-dense, low calorie foods, the consumption of which promotes a healthy body weight. D. Fruits and vegetables are rich in antioxidants, such as vitamin C and beta carotene, which fight off free radicals, thereby reducing cancer risk.

B. Fruits and vegetables contain folate, which promotes apoptosis in cancer cells.

Imani has just consumed a high protein meal. As she is digesting, what will be primarily responsible for the denaturation of these proteins in the stomach? A. Intrinsic factor B. Gastric HCl C. Pancreatic amylase D. Salivary lipase

B. Gastric HCl

After having a heart attack, Elenice has decided to reduce her saturated fat consumption. She enjoys all of the following foods; which of them should she reduce her consumption of to reduce her saturated fat intake? A. Rice and beans B. Ham and cheese sandwich C. Mixed vegetables D. Pasta with marinara (red) sauce

B. Ham and cheese sandwich

What would be expected to be seen in a blood sample from someone that has celiac disease but is consuming gluten? A. High levels of blood glucose B. High levels of certain antibodies C. Abnormal levels of glycogen D. Low blood cholesterol levels

B. High levels of certain antibodies

What is a risk associated with amenorrhea (loss of menstrual cycle) in a woman? A. Increased risk for excessive free radical production in the body B. Increased risk for osteoporosis C. Increased risk for chronic headaches D. Increased risk for type 2 diabetes

B. Increased risk for osteoporosis

Which of the following describes a healthy approach to eating: A. Consume only one food within each food group (meats, fruits, vegetables, etc.) to avoid nutrient toxicities. B. Make sure that you are getting enough of each nutrient but not too much by eating a diet that is balanced in nutrients and has variety in it. C. Eat only animal-based foods, as they contain more protein than plant foods and protein is the most important nutrient to get enough of in the diet. D. Eat only fruits and vegetables since these provide the greatest concentration of micronutrients.

B. Make sure that you are getting enough of each nutrient but not too much by eating a diet that is balanced in nutrients and has variety in it.

Where do most Americans get the fluoride in their diet? A. Most whole grain products have significant amounts of fluoride in them. B. Many cities put trace amounts of fluoride in tap water. C. The government mandates that table salt has fluoride added to it. D. Fluoride is found in soil, so mushrooms are a good source of fluoride.

B. Many cities put trace amounts of fluoride in tap water.

Which of the following was one of the first food sources of man-made trans fat? A. Butter B. Margarine C. Bananas D. Lard

B. Margarine

If a food is analyzed in a laboratory and the results indicate that nitrogen is present, which of the following nutrients must the food contain? A. The presence of nitrogen does not provide any information about the nutrient content of a food. B. Protein C. Carbohydrate D. Fat

B. Protein

Anders would like to consume a vegan diet but knows he must pay attention to his protein consumption in order to get an adequate amount of essential amino acids in his diet. What would be the best suggestion for Anders in terms of his protein intake? A. Focus on consuming fatty foods, as fatty acids can be converted to the essential amino acids in the body B. Since very few plant foods are complete proteins, he should focus on consuming complementary proteins along with planning ahead to assure adequate protein intake each day C. Eat only quinoa for protein needs, as getting a variety of sources of any one nutrient is not advised D. Consume a source of dairy at least once a day. Dairy contains incomplete proteins that will complete the incomplete proteins in plant-based foods

B. Since very few plant foods are complete proteins, he should focus on consuming complementary proteins along with planning ahead to assure adequate protein intake each day

Which of the following is not a factor in assessing one's estimated energy requirement (EER)? A. Age B. Gender C. Race D. Height

C. Race

Why is vitamin D toxicity most likely to be caused by dietary supplements and not other means? A. Vitamin D toxicity is not possible but was once thought to be the cause of rickets. B. Vitamin D is not widely available in the diet, and production as a result of UV exposure is regulated. C. Because supplemental vitamin D is more likely to accumulate in the body in comparison with vitamin D found in foods. D. The form of vitamin D found in supplements is far more potent than that found in food (even in equal amounts).

B. Vitamin D is not widely available in the diet, and production as a result of UV exposure is regulated.

What is the relationship between vitamin D and calcium? A. Calcium is required for vitamin D to be absorbed into the body. B. Vitamin D is required for calcium to be absorbed into the body. C. Vitamin D and calcium are always found together in food. D. Vitamin D can perform calcium's functions in the body if an inadequate amount of calcium is consumed in the diet.

B. Vitamin D is required for calcium to be absorbed into the body.

Magna recently found out that he has high LDL cholesterol in his blood and has told you that he is going to eat less LDL cholesterol in an effort to reduce his levels. How would you respond to him? A. This is a great idea, as it is the best way to reduce LDL levels in the blood B. We do not eat LDL cholesterol, just cholesterol, so reducing LDL cholesterol intake is impossible. Eating more unsaturated fats is a prudent way to reduce LDL cholesterol in the blood C. Increasing your HDL cholesterol intake will more effectively reduce LDL cholesterol in your blood D. Levels of LDL cholesterol in the blood are determined at birth and cannot be changed, so you will always have high LDL levels

B. We do not eat LDL cholesterol, just cholesterol, so reducing LDL cholesterol intake is impossible. Eating more unsaturated fats is a prudent way to reduce LDL cholesterol in the blood

Jordi is lifting weights (resistance training) to try and increase his muscle mass, but he wants to know if it would be beneficial to eat some protein after he finishes his workout. What is your response to Jordi? A. No, protein should only be consumed before going to sleep, as it takes several hours to be absorbed into the body B. Yes, consuming whey protein after a workout promotes muscle repair and building since it is absorbed quickly C. No, consuming whey protein after a workout will not promote muscle repair and building since it is slowly absorbed D. Yes, consuming casein protein immediately after a workout is the best choice to promote muscle building and repair

B. Yes, consuming whey protein after a workout promotes muscle repair and building since it is absorbed quickly

In the body, vitamin E acts as: A. a base, serving to neutralize acidic blood. B. an antioxidant in cell membranes. C. an enzyme. D. an antioxidant only in the kidneys.

B. an antioxidant in cell membranes.

The DASH diet is characterized by a ______________ and ____________. A. high saturated fat intake; consumption of fish on a daily basis B. high potassium intake; consumption of unprocessed foods C. high processed food intake; eating no more than 3 times daily D. low potassium intake; a high fruit intake

B. high potassium intake; consumption of unprocessed foods

Exposure to UV rays results in vitamin D synthesis in the body. Which of the following does not influence this relationship? A. Use of sunscreen B. The time of day C. An individual's sodium intake D. Latitude (angular distance north or south from the equator)

C. An individual's sodium intake

Which of the following factors would not contribute to a reduced bone density over time? A. Low intake of vitamin D B. Sedentary lifestyle C. Being overweight D. Spending all of one's time indoors

C. Being overweight

What food would you recommend to someone who is trying to increase their daily intake of fiber? A. Grilled chicken breast B. Spinach C. Black bean soup D. Grapes

C. Black bean soup

A chronic positive energy balance will result in: A. Body weight loss B. Maintenance of body weight C. Body weight gain D. Type 1 diabetes

C. Body weight gain

When a whole grain is processed, which part(s) of it are removed and what are the effects of the processing? A. Endosperm and bran; decrease in the grain's calorie content B. Only the endosperm; increase in the grain's concentration of vitamins C. Bran and germ; decrease in the grain's fiber and micronutrient content D. Only the germ; decrease in the grain's unsaturated fat content

C. Bran and germ; decrease in the grain's fiber and micronutrient content

Snorri would like to increase his omega-3 fatty acid intake. Which of the following is the best way to do so? A. Eat more vegetable oil in the diet. B. Take a flaxseed oil supplement. C. Eat more fatty fish (e.g., salmon) in the diet. D. Take a fish oil supplement.

C. Eat more fatty fish (e.g., salmon) in the diet.

Who is most at risk for cardiovascular disease due to their modifiable risk factors? A. Colbert, a bus driver who likes grilled cheese sandwiches and primarily works at night. B. Rayne, a farmer who has high HDL cholesterol and type 1 diabetes. C. Gerald, an accountant who has unmanaged type 2 diabetes and high LDL cholesterol. D. Choongsik, a server who just found out that his LDL cholesterol level had been reduced by 20% in comparison with the level that was measured 2 years ago.

C. Gerald, an accountant who has unmanaged type 2 diabetes and high LDL cholesterol.

Choose the food that would have the greatest amount of protein per serving. A. Strawberries B. Peas C. Ground beef D. 2% milk

C. Ground beef

Silla is a 10-year old boy. His mother has been noticing that he is frequently hungry and thirsty even though he has been regularly eating and drinking. What is most likely going on? A. He has type 1 diabetes, which increases the risk of a type 2 diagnosis in the future B. He is suffering from type 3 diabetes where the brain has developed a resistance to insulin. As a result, he constantly feels hungry C. He has type 1 diabetes and his pancreas does not produce insulin. As a result, glucose levels in the bloodstream are high and must be excreted in the urine D. He has gestational diabetes, which is always caused by eating more calories than needed

C. He has type 1 diabetes and his pancreas does not produce insulin. As a result, glucose levels in the bloodstream are high and must be excreted in the urine

Pontus has recently started tracking his diet and is not sure if he is consuming enough protein. What information does Pontus need in order to calculate his daily protein needs? A. His total blood cholesterol B. His height C. His body weight D. His bone density

C. His body weight

Which statement regarding potassium is false? A. Potassium is not found in high amounts in processed foods B. High levels are found in many potatoes and other vegetables C. It is a major component of hydroxyapatite in bone D. Potassium is critical for maintaining the rhythm of the heart

C. It is a major component of hydroxyapatite in bone

Select the individual who is likely to have the greatest percentage of body fluid. A. Maynard, a 35-year old man. B. Misty, a 24-year old woman. C. Macy, a 1-year old girl. D. George, a 78-year old man.

C. Macy, a 1-year old girl

Which of the following meals would be acceptable for an ovo-vegetarian? A. Pork loin, rice pilaf, glazed carrots, and 2% milk. B. Grilled shrimp with garlic mashed potatoes and apple juice. C. Poached eggs, whole-wheat toast, peanut butter, orange juice. D. Roasted turkey breast with wild rice and asparagus and soy milk.

C. Poached eggs, whole-wheat toast, peanut butter, orange juice.

Most Americans consume an excess of sodium in the diet. Which of the following options would be the best way to reduce sodium in the diet and how much is recommended to be consumed each day? A. Reduce consumption of fruits and vegetables; <3000 mg/day B. Reduce consumption of 2% milk; >5000 mg/day C. Reduce consumption of restaurant meals; <2300 mg/day D. Reduce consumption of lettuce; <4700 mg/day

C. Reduce consumption of restaurant meals; <2300 mg/day

Marion has noticed that her skin is looking kind of orange lately. What is the best explanation for this? A. She is in the early stages of heart failure, which oddly results in orange tinted skin. B. She has been consuming 3 packets of Emergen-C each day since she became sick 7 days ago. C. She has been eating a large amount of carrots every day. D. She is not consuming enough antioxidants in her diet and now has an excess of free radicals in her body, a symptom of which is orange tinted skin.

C. She has been eating a large amount of carrots every day.

Select the correct statement regarding vitamin C. A. Smokers should consume less vitamin C than what is recommended because the chemicals in cigarettes will convert vitamin C in the body to free radicals. B. Vitamin C toxicity is likely even with intakes just slightly over the RDA. C. Vitamin C is needed to regenerate vitamin E after vitamin E has neutralized a free radical in the body. D. Vitamin C is found in large amounts in red meat.

C. Vitamin C is needed to regenerate vitamin E after vitamin E has neutralized a free radical in the body.

Free radicals: A. are decreased are an essential nutrient. B. help to regulate insulin production by the pancreas. C. are highly reactive and can lead to disease development when found in excess amounts in the body. D. help to protect the body from the effects of smoking.

C. are highly reactive and can lead to disease development when found in excess amounts in the body.

Bile is made with __________. In the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, __________ may bind to bile and cause it to be excreted from the body, which indirectly lowers blood cholesterol levels. A. iron; pancreatic lipase B. fat; glucose C. cholesterol; fiber D. amino acids; fat

C. cholesterol; fiber

Frying an egg causes the proteins in it to ______________, which causes a(n) _____________ loss of protein function. A. denature; reversible B. coagulate; irreversible C. denature; irreversible D. fuse together; reversible

C. denature; irreversible

Dehydration is a risk associated with _____________ and is of greatest concern for ___________. A. gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD); males over age 70 B. type 1 diabetes; vegetarians C. diarrhea; young and old individuals D. being obese; females

C. diarrhea; young and old individuals

Soy contains plant protein that exhibits which of the following characteristics: A. soy provides only one amino acid, which is leucine. B. it is a slow-acting and complete protein. C. it is a complete and highly-digestible protein. D. it is an incomplete protein.

C. it is a complete and highly-digestible protein

A protein that does not contain all 9 essential amino acids is: A. common in animal-based foods. B. called a complete protein. C. most likely derived from a plant. D. not able to be digested by the body.

C. most likely derived from a plant.

Willians, who is 48 years old and overweight, experiences a burning, uncomfortable sensation as well as pressure in his chest after eating meals. This sensation is most likely caused by: A. An intolerance to lactose which has damaged his small intestine B. An inability to break down gluten, leading to gastrointestinal distress C. A lack of hydrochloric acid, inhibiting digestion of protein in the stomach D. A problem with the gastroesophageal sphincter, allowing hydrochloric acid to move back into the esophagus

D. A problem with the gastroesophageal sphincter, allowing hydrochloric acid to move back into the esophagus

Unsaturated fatty acids would be found in the greatest proportion in: A. Bacon B. Butter C. Beef D. Canola oil

D. Canola oil

The consumption of which nutrient may be reduced to prevent the progression of type 2 diabetes and what effect does the lowered intake have? A. Fats should be reduced because a high fat intake damages the pancreas. B. Protein should be reduced because excess protein consumption is a direct cause of type 2 diabetes. C. A high sodium intake is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes, so sodium consumption should be reduced. D. Carbohydrates should be reduced to stimulate less insulin production and reduce the demand on pancreas.

D. Carbohydrates should be reduced to stimulate less insulin production and reduce the demand on pancreas.

Research on medium chain triglyceride (MCT) oil has led to claims that coconut oil is healthy to consume in any amount. What is the correct response to this? A. MCT oil is another name for coconut oil, so the positive research results associated with MCT oil can be applied to coconut oil. B. Because coconut oil has the same fatty acid composition as MCT oil, the positive research results associated with MCT oil can be applied to coconut oil. C. MCT oil and coconut oil contain completely different fatty acids, so the positive research results associated with MCT oil cannot be directly applied to coconut oil. D. Coconut oil contains some of the fatty acids that are present in MCT oil, but only in small amounts, so the positive research results associated with MCT oil cannot be directly applied to coconut oil.

D. Coconut oil contains some of the fatty acids that are present in MCT oil, but only in small amounts, so the positive research results associated with MCT oil cannot be directly applied to coconut oil.

Hank is a 55-year-old male and has been diagnosed with hypertension. Which of the following is a lifestyle change that can help with this condition? A. Increase alcohol consumption to help him relax and promote lower blood pressure. B. Take an electrolyte supplement to reduce his heart rate, which will lower his blood pressure. C. Reduce the intensity of his workouts. High-intensity workouts increase the risk of hypertension. D. Eat more fruits and vegetables throughout each day.

D. Eat more fruits and vegetables throughout each day

Why do nutritionists recommend emphasizing foods with naturally-occurring sugars, such as fruits, but limiting foods with added sugars, such as jelly beans? A. Naturally-occurring sugars are chemically different from added sugars and added sugars are chemically more harmful. As a result, nutritionists recommend limiting foods rich in added sugars. B. Foods with naturally-occurring sugars provide a denser source of sugar in comparison with foods with added sugars. C. Naturally-occurring sugars help to promote a decrease in LDL levels, while added sugars will increase LDL levels. D. Foods with naturally-occurring sugars provide other nutrients while most foods with added sugars provide very few additional nutrients

D. Foods with naturally-occurring sugars provide other nutrients while most foods with added sugars provide very few additional nutrients

Your friend has developed a cold and is consuming three packets of Emergen-C each day. What is the most accurate thing to tell your friend? A. Taking any amount Emergen-C will cause his cold to get worse because there is way too much vitamin C in just one packet. B. He should continue taking three packets each day but take them all between 4-6 p.m. C. He should be consuming at least five packets of Emergen-C each day in order to see any benefit to his health. D. He could take one packet of Emergen-C each day, which may help reduce the duration of his cold; this amount is not likely to be dangerous.

D. He could take one packet of Emergen-C each day, which may help reduce the duration of his cold; this amount is not likely to be dangerous.

After eating a five-course Italian meal, stretch receptors in your stomach sense the expansion caused by the food and send a fullness signal to which part of the brain? A. The brain does not process signals related to hunger or fullness. B. Cerebellum C. Frontal lobe D. Hypothalamus

D. Hypothalamus

Which of the following is not a way in which an antioxidant enzyme system keeps free radicals under control? A. Make more antioxidants available B. Convert free radicals to neutral molecules C. Break down oxidized molecules D. Increase white blood cell production

D. Increase white blood cell production

Which of the following outdoor athletes is most likely to fall victim to a heat illness? A. Abby, a beach volleyball player who is a type 1 diabetic and takes her insulin shots regularly B. Danielle, a softball player who is a type 2 diabetic who usually consumes Gatorade throughout softball practice C. Sammy, who regularly consumes two energy shot gels prior to tennis practice D. Jasmine, a cross country runner who runs at least 2 hours/day and is consuming diuretics to lose body weight

D. Jasmine, a cross country runner who runs at least 2 hours/day and is consuming diuretics to lose body weight

Who is at the greatest risk for developing dehydration? A. Julius, a 25 year old man who is a marathon runner. B. Narelle, a 30 year old pregnant mother with a 2 year old. C. Sondra, a 60 year old woman who lives in Montana. D. Kristoff, a 10 month old who has a fever and diarrhea.

D. Kristoff, a 10 month old who has a fever and diarrhea.

Choose the incorrect statement about sodium and potassium. A. Processed foods are likely to be high in sodium and low in potassium B. Most Americans under-consume potassium and over-consume sodium C. Dietary treatment of hypertension should include increasing potassium intake and reducing sodium intake D. The DRIs for sodium and potassium are the same (4700 mg/day)

D. The DRIs for sodium and potassium are the same (4700 mg/day)

Which of the following statements is true regarding bone health? A. Humans do not need dietary calcium after age 25. B. The skeleton no longer adds any bone density after 20 years of age. C. Humans develop their peak bone mass at age 45. D. The bones begin to lose density after 40 years of age.

D. The bones begin to lose density after 40 years of age.

How does plaque formation in the arteries affect the risk of heart disease development? A. The plaque attracts macrophages, which will clear blood clots away from artery walls and reduce risk of a heart attack B. The plaque binds with LDL to prevent it from circulating in the blood and being oxidized C. The plaque has a protective effect on areas of damage in the artery wall because it forms a smooth surface for blood to flow by D. The plaque can narrow passages in the arteries and reduce blood flow to the heart, increasing the risk of a heart attack

D. The plaque can narrow passages in the arteries and reduce blood flow to the heart, increasing the risk of a heart attack

Why does the temperature of the human body remain relatively stable over time? A. Water moves freely in and out of cells, so it can move to all parts of the body and cool it down as needed. B. Humans can sweat, which can dissipate heat or cold from the body. C. The thirst mechanism encourages humans to drink fluids, which cool or heat the body based on its needs at the time. D. Water can take on a large amount of heat without drastically changing in temperature.

D. Water can take on a large amount of heat without drastically changing in temperature.

Formed in bone, hydroxyapatite crystals are mineral complexes comprised of ________ and __________. A. calcium, sodium B. iron, chloride C. vitamin D, vitamin C D. calcium, phosphorous

D. calcium, phosphorous

Hyponatremia could be treated by: A. consuming at least 32 ounces of water every four hours for a period of 24 hours. B. eating salty foods so that the individual is consuming at least 5000 mg of sodium each day for a period of seven days. C. consuming salt tablets at a rate of 500 mg of sodium/hour for four hours. D. infusing a salt water (saline) solution into the body through an IV. This solution should have a higher concentration of salt than normal.

D. infusing a salt water (saline) solution into the body through an IV. This solution should have a higher concentration of salt than normal.

Villi and microvilli are located in the ___________________ and serve to _________________. A. mouth; help with swallowing B. small intestine; keep pathogens from being absorbed into the body from the GI tract C. large intestine; help water be absorbed into the body D. small intestine; increase the surface area for nutrient absorption

D. small intestine; increase the surface area for nutrient absorption

A person with lactose intolerance lacks __________, and will usually experience GI distress after consuming ______________. A. sucrase; broccoli B. bile; fat C. insulin; dairy products D. lactase; dairy products

lactase; dairy products