IS2080: 1 Introduction to Information Systems

Information systems is the development and application of technology to solve ______?

business problems

IS people are often the liaison between...?

business-y people and tech people

FAISs are also known as...?

departmental information system

IT components

hardware, software, a database, a network, procedures, and people

continuous computing

surrounded by a personal, movable digital network that allows you retrieve and share information from anywhere at anytime

Office Automation Systems (OASs)

typically support the clerical staff, lower and middle managers, and knowledge workers (e.g., word processing and desktop publishing software).

Your personal information network is created by constant cooperation between:

(1)the digital devices you carry; (2)the wired and wireless networks that you access as you move about; (3)Web-based tools for finding information and communicating and collaborating with other people.

List negative societal effects of the increased use of information technology.

- Can cause health problems - Can place employees on constant call. - Can potentially misinform patients about health problems.

List positive societal effects of the increased use of information technology.

- Can provide opportunities for people with disabilities. - Can provide people with flexibility in their work (e.g., work from anywhere, anytime). - Robots will take over mundane chores. - Enable improvements in health care.

Managing Information Resources is difficult and complex because:

- IS has an enormous strategic value to organizations - IS's are very expensive to acquire, operate, and maintain - Constant evolution of the MIS function within the organization

How does IT impact organizations?

- IT will eliminate jobs and create new ones - IT impacts employees at work: safety issues (repetitive stress injuries), work-life balance - Workers with disabilities: IT empowers the visual, aural, and motor-impaired

New (Consultative) Functions of the MIS...?

- Initiating and designing specific strategic IS - Incorporating the Internet and e-commerce into the business - Managing system integration including Internet, Intranets, and Extranets - Educating the non-MIS staff about IT - Educating the MIS staff about the business - Partnering with business-unit executives - Managing outsourcing - Proactively using business and technical knowledge to seed innovative IT ideas - Creating business alliances with business partners

How is IT used in Healthcare...?

- Make better/faster diagnoses - Streamline the process of researching & developing new drugs - To enhance the work of radiologists - Allow surgeons to use virtual reality to plan complex surgeries & use robots to remotely perform surgery

Traditional function of the MIS Department...?

- Managing systems development and systems project management - Managing computer operations - Staffing, training, and developing IS skills - Providing technical services - Infrastructure planning, development, and control

Discuss ways in which information technology can affect nonmanagerial workers.

- May eliminate jobs. - May cause employees to experience a loss of identity. - Can cause job stress and physical problems, such as repetitive stress injury.

IS capabilities

- Perform high-speed, high-volume numerical computations. - Provide fast, accurate communication and collaboration within and among organizations. - Store huge amounts of information in an easy-to-access, yet small space. - Allow quick and inexpensive access to vast amounts of information, worldwide. - Interpret vast amounts of data quickly and efficiently. - Automate both semiautomatic business processes and manual tasks.

Discuss ways in which information technology can affect managers.

- Reduce the number of middle managers. - Provide real-time information, less time to make decisions. - Increase the likelihood of geographically dispersed employees and teams.

How IT has changed the way we work..?

- Smartphones provide constant access to text, email, and voice communications - The lines between time at work and leisure time at home have become blurred - Surveys indicate employees take laptops and smartphones on vacation

What are the various types of computer-based information systems in an organization.

- Transaction processing systems (TPSs) - Functional area information systems (FAISs) - Interorganizational information systems (IOSs) - Enterprise resource planning (ERP) - Electronic commerce (e-commerce) - Business analytics (BA) - Expert systems (ESs)

IS is important and it's now part of everyone's job. Why?

1. If the IT isn't working, the business may not be able to operate. 2. They're expensive to buy, operate, and maintain 3. All employees in the business use computers. IT is not only strategically valuable, but tactically valuable. Because everyone uses them, they need a lot of support.

Identify the reasons & benefits of being an informed user of information systems is important in today's world.

1. You benefit more when you understand what is "behind" IT applications 2. Can provide valuable input 3. Can recommend and help select IT Applications 4. You will be aware of new technology 5. You understand how IT improves performance 6. Understanding IT is very beneficial to entrepreneurs.

application (or app)

A computer program designed to support a specific task or business process.

network

A connecting system (wireline or wireless) that enables multiple computers to share resources.

hardware

A device such as a processor, monitor, keyboard, or printer. Together, these devices accept, process, and display data and information.

informed user

A person who is knowledgeable about information systems and information technology.

software

A program or collection of programs that enable the hardware to process data.

dashboards (or digital dashboards)

A special form of IS that supports all managers of the organization by providing rapid access to timely information and direct access to structured information in the form of reports.

information system (IS)

A system that collects, processes, stores, analyzes, and disseminates information for a specific purpose.

transaction processing system (TPS)

A system that supports the monitoring, collection, storage, and processing of data from the organization's basic business transactions, each of which generates data.

electronic commerce (e-commerce) systems

A type of interorganizational information system that enables organizations to conduct transactions, called business-to-business (B2B) electronic commerce, and customers to conduct transactions with businesses, called business-to-consumer (B2C) electronic commerce.

information technology services

Activities performed by IT personnel using IT components, specifically, developing information systems, overseeing security and risk, and managing data.

expert systems (ESs)

An attempt to duplicate the work of human experts by applying reasoning capabilities, knowledge, and expertise within a specific domain.

data items

An elementary description of things, events, activities, and transactions that are recorded, classified, and stored but are not organized to convey any specific meaning.

computer-based information system (CBIS)

An information system that uses computer technology to perform some or all of its intended tasks.

information technology (IT)

Any computer-based tool that people use to work with information and support the information and information-processing needs of an organization.

BAs are also known as

BI: Business Intelligence

knowledge

Data and/or information that have been organized and processed to convey understanding, experience, accumulated learning, and expertise as they apply to a current problem or activity.

information

Data that have been organized so that they have meaning and value to the recipient.

DIK

Data, Information, Knowledge

IT services

IT Personnel use IT Components to develop IS's, oversee security & risk, and manage data

IT infrastructure

IT components plus IT services.

functional area information systems (FAISs)

Information Systems that support a particular functional area within the organization.

interorganizational information systems (IOSs)

Information systems that connect two or more organizations.

enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems

Information systems that correct a lack of communication among the functional area Information Systems by tightly integrating the functional area Information Systems via a common database.

knowledge workers

Professional employees such as financial and marketing analysts, engineers, lawyers, and accountants who are experts in a particular subject area and who create information and knowledge, which they integrate into the business.

database

a special form of IS that support all managers of the organization by providing rapid access to timely information and direct access to structured information in the form of reports

business analytics (BA) systems (also known as business intelligence [BI] systems)

Systems that provide computer-based support for complex, nonroutine decisions, primarily for middle managers and knowledge workers.

digital transformation

The business strategy that leverages IT to dramatically improve employee, customer, and business partner relationships; support continuous improvement in business operations and business processes; and develop new business models and businesses.

supply chain

The flow of materials, information, money, and services from suppliers of raw materials through factories and warehouses to the end customers.

information technology platform

The name given to the combination of the IT components of hardware, software, networks (wireline and wireless), and databases.

Chief Information Officer (CIO)

The senior manager responsible for the overall management of information resources in an organization

procedures

The set of instructions for combining hardware, software, database, and network components in order to process information and generate the desired output.

Homo Conexus

You are the most connected generation in history. You practice continuous computing. You are surrounded by a personal and movable information network