IS301 Finals

The Crow's foot symbol with two parallel lines indicates ____ cardinality.

(1,1)

The widely respected Gartner Group has stated that only about __ percent of an enterprise's data reaches its data warehouse.

15

Hadoop databases are NOT known for/used for _____.

ACID

The ____ attribute(s) make up the primary key in the table definition: CLASS (CRS_CODE, CLASS_SECTION, CLASS_TIME, CLASS_ROOM, PROF_NUM)

CRS_CODE and CLASS_SECTION

The ____ model uses the term connectivity to label the relationship types.

ER

About 70 to 80 percent of the cost of a data warehouse project occurs during this phase.

Extraction, Transformation and Loading (ETL)

An operational database is sometimes referred to as an enterprise database.

False

For a data set to be considered Big Data, it must display all the "3 Vs" - volume, velocity and variety.

False

Referential and entity integrity are two names for the same thing.

False

Scaling out is keeping the same number of systems, but migrating each system to a larger one.

False

Structural dependence exists when it is possible to make changes in the file structure without affecting the application program's ability to access the data.

False

The DBMS reveals much of the database's internal complexity to the application programs and users.

False

Which two of the following data problems are relational databases intended to minimize?

Frequent null entries frequent duplicate entries

Date attributes contain calendar dates stored in a special format known as the ____ date format.

Julian

In a relational database, you cannot implement a ____ relationship between two entities, such as STUDENT and COURSE. Some modeling tools will not allow the designer to draw an Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) that contains such a relationship.

M:N

____ provide(s) a description of the data characteristics and the set of relationships that link the data found within the database.

Metadata

The architecture of Hadoop is _____.

Modular

The ____ model uses the concept of inheritance.

OO

Data processing can be as simple as organizing data to reveal patterns.

True

Historically, a manual file system was composed of a system of file folders and filing cabinets.

True

If the attribute (B) is functionally dependent on a composite key (A) but not on any subset of that composite key, the attribute (B) is fully functionally dependent on (A).

True

Initially the files within a computer file system were similar to manual files.

True

You can think of a table as a persistent representation of a logical relation.

True

Which of these "v words" is NOT associated with Big Data? (Variety, Velocity, Verification, Volume)

Verification

Business rules are derived from ____.

a detailed description of an organization's operations

Hard disk drives are mechanical devices with moving parts whereas Random Access Memory (RAM) chips are solid state devices. Regarding virtual memory on database servers, which of the following is closest to the performance difference between them?

a hard disk is 200 times slower than RAM

(n) ____ might be written by a programmer or it might be created through a DBMS utility program.

application program

A(n) ____ is the equivalent of a field in a file system.

attribute

A ____ relationship exists when two entities are associated.

binary

____ relationships are most common.

binary

The key to correctly determining the cardinality of a relationship between two entities is to evaluate the relationship from ____.

both ends

Making sure all ____ are identified is a very important part of a database designer's job.

business rules

The database structure in a DBMS is stored as a ____.

collection of files

The evolution of data visualization tools implies that information is more quickly and effectively conveyed by using _____ and _____.

colors, movement

If the attribute (B) is functionally dependent on a composite key (A) but not on any subset of that ____ key, the attribute (B) is fully functionally dependent on (A).

composite

The associative entity is also known as a ____ entity.

composite

The ERD represents the ____ database as viewed by the end user.

conceptual

____ are important because they help to ensure data integrity.

constraints

The question, "What happened" is addressed using _____ analytics.

descriptive

In the context of a database table, the statement "A ____ B" indicates that if you know the value of attribute A, you can look up the value of attribute B.

determines

The question, "Why did it happen?" is addressed using _____ analytics.

diagnostic

A ____ database supports data distributed across several different sites.

distributed

Attributes may share a ____.

domain

A(n) ____ database is used by an organization and supports many users across many departments.

enterprise

A CUSTOMER table's primary key is CUS_CODE. The CUSTOMER primary key column has no null entries, and all entries are unique. This is an example of ____ integrity.

entity

A(n) ____ is anything about which data are to be collected and stored.

entity

An entity is said to be ____-dependent if it can exist in the database only when it is associated with another related entity occurrence.

existence

If an entity can exist apart from one or more related entities, it is said to be ____-independent.

existence

A manager and a programmer usually have the same view of the same data.

false

All simple attributes are also single-valued.

false

An ER model is dependent on the database type.

false

Entities are types of attributes.

false

Ideally, a primary key is composed of several attributes.

false

Only a single attribute, not multiple attributes, can define functional dependence.

false

The relational model is hardware-dependent and software-independent.

false

In order to avoid making null entries, another option is to use a "placeholder," such as -99 for an agent code where no agent has yet been assigned to a customer. This type of "placeholder" is properly known as a ____.

flag

The attribute B is ____ the attribute A if each value in column A determines one and only one value in column B.

functionally dependent on

In the ____ model, each parent can have many children, but each child has only one parent.

hierarchical

An application programming interface (API) is a standard tool that provides data structure ____ relative to an an application.

independence

____ is used to reveal the meaning of data.

information

____ yields only the rows that appear in both tables.

intersect

A derived attribute ____.

is typically not physically stored within the database

Any attribute that is part of a key is known as a ____.

key attribute

In the relational model, ____ are important because they are used to ensure that each row in a table is uniquely identifiable

keys

____ data can have only a true or false (yes or no) values.

logical

Knowing the ____ number of entity occurrences is very helpful at the application software level.

max and min

A(n) ____ join links tables by selecting only the rows with common values in their common attribute(s).

natural

All primary key entries are unique, and no part of a primary key may be ____.

null

You began with a dataset that occupied 60 columns in a single table. In order to achieve the ideal of completely minimalized nulls or redundancy, you have broken this data into 13 related tables that would make E.F. Codd proud. A potential problem with this design is that it may have a(n) ____ problem.

performance

A ____ should be a derived attribute.

person's age

____ might be represented with a multivalued attribute.

phone number

As mentioned in lecture and the guest speaker's presentation, a major problem for companies implementing large-scale data analysis projects (data warehouse or Big Data visualization) is _____.

poor data quality

The question, "What will happen?" is addressed using _____ analytics.

predictive

Since it is used to link the tables that originally were related in a M:N relationship, the composite entity structure includes—as foreign keys—at least the ____ keys of the tables that are to be linked.

primary

Controlled ____ makes a relational database work.

redundancy

MySQL is an example of a(n) ____.

relational data model

A(n) ____ is bidirectional.

relationship

A key design theme is that once the business rules have been identified, the database should reflect these rules by capturing the maximum possible ____, also known as ____.

semantics; meaning

A ____ attribute is one that cannot be subdivided.

simple

Which of the following is an example of structured data?

spreadsheet

A challenge with naming components of a database in a manner that tends toward self-documentation is the solution provider/designer may have a strong need for ____.

standardization

When the PK of one entity contains the PK of a related entity, the relationship is ____.

strong

____ data are the result of formatting to facilitate storage, use and generation of information.

structured

The ____ is actually a system-created database whose tables store the user/designer-created database characteristics and contents.

system catalog

A ____ relationship exists when three entities are associated.

ternary

A composite identifier is a primary key composed of more than one attribute.

true

A data dictionary contains metadata—data about data.

true

A strong relationship exists if the primary key of the related entity contains at least one primary key component of the parent entity.

true

An implementation-ready data model should contain a description of the data structure that will store the end-user data.

true

As rare as 1:1 relationships should be, certain conditions absolutely require their use.

true

Attributes can share a domain.

true

M:N relationships are not appropriate in a relational model.

true

Metadata present a more complete picture of the data in the database than the data itself.

true

The DBMS cannot handle multivalued attributes.

true

The ER diagram represents the conceptual database as viewed by the end user.

true

The ER model may refer to a specific table row as an "entity occurrence."

true

The word "entity" in the ER model corresponds to a table.

true

You should always load data from the 1 side of a 1:M relationship.

true

In an ER diagram, primary keys may be indicated by the letters PK and by ____.

underlining

A design problem that can occur is by trying to include too many different attributes in a single table, some of the attributes can end up shared between tables, but not through Primary Key (PK) / Foreign Key (FK) relationships. As a result the database is prone to ____ anomalies.

update