IS310

Real numbers are represented in computers by using ____. packed values notation, complementary notation, integer notation, floating-point notation

floating-point notation

A ____ operation is a data transfer from main memory into a register. store, jump, load, move

load

The ____ can extract a single bit from a bit string. logical SHIFT, ADD, ROTATE, NOT

logical SHIFT

A set of instructions that is executed to solve a specific problem is called a(n) ____.

program

Most useful computational tasks, such as recalculating a spreadsheet, are accomplished by executing a long sequence of instructions called a(n) ____. instruction, algorithm, program, processor

program

Most programs are written in a(n) ____, such as C or Java, which is then translated into equivalent CPU instructions.

programming language

Most vendors and manufacturers of computer hardware and software have an extensive ____. search engine, systems personnel, web presence, hardware personnel

web presence

When manipulating single-precision floating-point numbers, CPU performance is measured in ____. watts, MFLOPS, MHZ, MIPS

MIPS

The multiplier that describes the difference between one position and the next is the ____ of the numbering system. power, exponent, mantissa, base

base

A ____ performs specific tasks that can be counted or measured. benchmark program, compiler, metric program, system program

benchmark program

In a ____, each digit can have only one of two possible values: 0 or 1. hexadecimal number, binary number, unary number, decimal number

binary number

In a modern digital computer, data is represented by groups of ____. qubits, bits, waves, photons

bits

A(n) ____ consists of hardware and software components that enable multiple users and computers to share information, software, and hardware resources.

computer network

A(n) ____ is a related group of primitive data elements that is organized for some type of common processing. data type, memory mode, data structure, unicode

data structure

The role of ____ requires both technical expertise and the ability to help the organization make optimal use of its data resources for tasks such as market research. system administrator, network administrator, database administrator, systems programmer

database admin

Which of the following is the 5 bit two's complement representation of the base ten value 15? 11111, 10001, 01111, 00001

01111

Which of the following is the 5 bit unsigned binary integer representation of the base ten value 15? 11111, 10001, 01111, 00001

01111

What is the numeric range of an eight bit unsigned binary number? 0...7, 0...255, 1...8, 1...256

0...255

Which of the following is the 5 bit two's complement representation of the base ten value -15? 11111, 10001, 01111, 00001

10001

Hexadecimal numbering uses ____ as its base or radix. 2, 10, 8, 16

16

How many bits are used to represent a Unicode character? 6, 12, 8, 16

16

Most modern CPUs use either ____ bits to represent a two's complement value. 32 or 86, 32 or 64, 24 or 32, 24 or 64

34 or 64

During the __ UP disciplines, the ___, its ___, and __ are defined and modeled.

6, business, environment, consumer requirements

How many bits are used to represent a character under the ASCII coding standard? 6, 8, 7, 16

7

What is the best way to write the value '7654' and make it clear to the reader that the number should be interpreted as a hexadecimal value? 0x7654, 7654H, 7654B, \7654

7654H

How many bits are in a byte? 4, 8, 6, 32

8

How many hexadecimal digits are required to represent a 32 digit binary value? 4, 16, 8, 32

8

In classical physics, a group of 3 bits can store only one of ____ possible values at a time. 6, 12, 8, 24

8

The ____ is a well-established organization with a primary emphasis on computer science. Association of Computing Machinery (ACM), Oxford Computer Society (OCS), Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), International Standards Organization (ISO)

ACM

Which of the following professional societies consists primarily of IS managers and application developers? AITP, IEEE, ACM, ITworld

AITP

The ____ section of the CPU performs all computation and comparison operations. register, shifter, ALU, control unit

ALU

A(n) ____ instruction generates the result true if both of its data inputs are true. AND, exclusive OR, inclusive OR, NOT

AND

A ____ instruction causes the processor to depart from sequential instruction order. MOVE, BRANCH, COMPARE, HALT

BRANCH

A large organization with a substantial investment in computer, network, and software technology usually has one high-level manager with the title ____. CEA, CSA, CIO, ITO

CIO

A(n) ____ is a high-level manager of a large organization with a substantial investment in computer and software technology. network administrator, database administrator, systems analyst, CIO

CIO

The computer specialties most concerned with hardware and the hardware-software interface are ___ and ___.

Computer Science, Computer Engineering

A(n) ____ instruction suspends the normal flow of instruction execution in the current program. COMPARE, JUMP, ADD, HALT

HALT

A(n) ___ is a hardware device that enables a computer to communicate with users or other computers.

I/0 device

Commonly used standards for floating point representation are defined by the ____. AITP, ANSI, ACM, IEEE

IEEE

From which of the following professional organizations should an information systems student or professional seek continuing education? AIA, IEEE Computer Society, Architectural Digest, Medical Association

IEEE

IS students and professionals should be familiar with professional societies, such as the ___.

IEEE, ACM, AITP

Typically, a(n) __ is responsible for a large computer center and all the software running in it.

Information Systems Professional

A ____ instruction copies data bits to storage locations and can copy data between any combination of registers and primary storage locations. JUMP, STORE, LOAD, MOVE

MOVE

The UP is an example of a(n) ____. SDLC, user preferences, hardware processing, software cost

SDLC

A(n) ____is a program in which different sets of instructions are applied to different data input values. I/0 device, processor, algorithm, central processing unit

algorithm

A problem-solving procedure that requires executing one or more comparison and branch instructions is called a(n) ___ .

algorithm

A(n) ____ operation generates false unless the input bit values are 1 and 1. ADD, OR, AND, XOR

and

End users use ____ to perform specific tasks, such as processing customer orders or developing and formatting documents and financial analyses. application software, design software, system software, middleware

application software

Students of information systems generally focus __. Students of __ generally focus on system software.

application software, system programming

A ____ is a circuit board that contains most of a server. cloud, grid, cluster, blade

blade

Binary numbers are well suited to computer processing because they correspond directly with values in ____ logic. standard, newton, turing, boolean

boolean

What data type can only contain the values true or false? integer, boolean, real number, character

boolean

The frequency at which the system clock generates timing pulses is the system's ____. clock cycle, pulse rate, clock rate, clock pulse

clock rate

A ____ is a set of computing resources with front-end interfaces and back-end resources. cluster, cloud, blade, grid

cloud

A(n) ___ consists of computing resources with a Web-based front-end interface to a large collection of computing and data resources.

cloud

A(n) ___ is a group of similar or identical computers, connected by a high-speed network, that cooperate to provide services or run an application.

cluster

The term "____" describes the number of bits used to represent a numeric value. efficiency, compactness, completeness, value

compactness

The term ____ describes the number of bits used to represent a numeric value. range, standardization, compactness, manipulation

compactness

____ instructions represent combinations of primitive processing operations. standard, high-order, complex, system

complex

Which of the following is a set of hardware and software components that enables multiple users and computer systems to share information, software, and hardware resources. operating system, system software, computer network, server

computer network

A(n) ____ oversees the operation of a large information processing facility. field supervisor, information systems manager, computer operations manager, network administrator

computer operations manager

Which of the following periodicals provides coverage of product releases and trade shows? ACM surveys, communications of the ACM, computerworld, computer

computer world

Substances that electrons can flow through are called ____. resistors, conductors, semiconductors, insulators

conductors

Which of the following is a general-purpose processor that executes all instructions and controls all data movement within the computer system? operating system, cpu, I/0 unit, primary storage

cpu

For which of the following computing problem types have experimental quantum computers already been developed? Simulation, cryptography, transaction processing, data mining

cryptography

In most CPUs, the ____ is the time required to fetch and execute the simplest instruction in the instruction set. cycle time, hold time, block time, rest time

cycle time

"____" is the concept that the per-unit cost of producing goods or providing services decreases as the organization size increases. economies of measure, economies of growth, economies of balance, economies of scale

economies of scale

____ is the flow of electrons from one place or device to another. electrical voltage, electrical resistance, electrical current, electrical conduction

electrical current

A(n)____ instruction generates the value true if either (but not both) data input is true. AND, inclusive OR, exclusive OR, NOT

exclusive OR

The CPU ___ program instructions one at a time.

executes

During the ____ cycle of the CPU, the transformation takes place and data output is stored. execution, wait, store, fetch

execution

During the ____ cycle of the CPU, data inputs are prepared for transformation into data outputs. execution, wait, store, fetch

fetch

If the instruction format is ____, the amount by which the instruction pointer must be incremented after each fetch is a constant. variable length, fixed length, standard length, dynamic

fixed length

What coding format encodes a real number as a mantissa multiplied by a power (exponent) of two? binary, floating point, excess notation, two's complement

floating point

Which data encoding method is most similar to scientific notation? floating point notation, two's complement notation, excess notation, fixed point notation

floating point notation

A program that solves a(n) ___ requires no branching instructions.

formula

Given the rapid pace of change in computer technology, a manager must have a broad understanding of current technology and _____. future technology trends, integration standards, industry standards, best practices

future technology needs

A CPU is a(n) ____ processor capable of performing many different tasks simply by changing the program.

general purpose

____ are used only by the currently executing program. reserved registers, instruction registers, kernel registers, general-purpose registers

general-purpose registers

A(n) ___ is a group of dissimilar computer systems, connected by a high-speed network, that cooperate to provide services or run a shared application.

grid

____ are typically implemented by installing software on each machine that accepts tasks from a central server and performs them when not busy doing other work. grids, blades, clouds, clusters

grids

Configuring __ is an activity of the ___ discipline.

hardware and system software, UP

Which of the following is not considered one of the five primitive data types? hexadecimal, boolean, integer, memory address

hexadecimal

Which of the following is not a function or layer of system software? system services, hardware interfaces, resource allocation, high-speed computation

high-speed computation

During activities of the ____ discipline, a system is constructed based on the "blueprints" created by design discipline activities. business modeling, requirements, implementation, deployment

implementation

The ____ discipline of the UP includes all activities for building, acquiring, and integrating application software components. architecture, implementation, requirements, design

implementation

Why are floating point calculations (real math) subject to error? **************

inaccurate results. they are subject to round off errors where not all the values are represented since its rounded. Floating-point numbers sometimes cause confusion because they are approximate and not stored as exact values. A floating-point value as written in an SQL statement may not be the same as the value represented internally. Attempts to treat floating-point values as exact in comparisons may lead to problems. They are also subject to platform or implementation dependencies. The FLOAT and DOUBLE data types are subject to these issues. Before MySQL 5.0.3, DECIMAL comparison operations are approximate as well.

Biased content on the Web does not include ____. ordering of content, links, or search results, omission of information that is against the interests of organizations that have paid a fee to the search provider, inclusion of information that is against the interests of organizations that have paid a fee to the search provider, omission of information from organizations that have not paid a fee to the search provider

inclusion of information that is against the interests of organizations

Increasing the size (number of bits) of a numeric representation format ____ the numeric range of values that can be represented. decreases, increases, has no effect on, limits

increases

A(n) ___ is a command to the CPU to perform one processing function on one or more data inputs.

instruction

A(n) ____ directs the CPU to route electrical signals representing data inputs through predefined processing circuits that implement the appropriate function. operation, instruction, process, cycle

instruction

A(n) ____ is the lowest-level command that software can direct a processor to perform. cycle, operand, process, instruction

instruction

An ____ is a template that specifies the number of operands and the position and length of the op code and operands. instruction format, operation format, instruction template, operand template

instruction format

When the control unit fetches an instruction from memory, it stores it in the ____. load register, first general-purpose register, instruction register, control register

instruction register

A(n) ____ is a whole number—a value that doesn't have a fractional part. imaginary number, floating point number, integer, real number

integer

Several transistors and their interconnections on a single chip form a(n) ____. optimized circuit, integrated circuit, combination circuit, reduced circuit

integrated circuit

How does system software make application development easier?

it provides reusable utility programs

Which class of computer has the greatest I/O capacity? microcomputer, mainframe, midrange computer, supercomputer

mainframe

A(n) ___ generally supports more simultaneous users than a(n) ___. Both are designed to support more than one user.

mainframe, minicomputer

Although not a formal UP discipline, systems evaluation and ____ is an important group of activities that accounts for much of the long-range system cost. integration, coordination, maintenance, design

maintenance

When discussing computer processing, ____ refers to executing processor instructions, such as addition, subtraction, and equality comparisons, and "ease" refers to machine efficiency. manipulation, interpolation, inference, abstraction

manipulation

____ Web sites have detailed information on their products and offer technical and customer support services. vendor, user, reseller, manufacturer

manufacturer

The Babbage difference engine is an example of what type of computing device? mechanical, optical, electrical, quantum

mechanical

The term ___ refers to storage devices, not located in the CPU, that hold instructions and data of currently running programs.

memory

Primary storage can also be called ___ and is generally implemented with ___.

memory, RAM

A ____ is a computer system designed to meet a single user's information-processing needs. microcomputer, minicomputer, mainframe, supercomputer

microcomputer

Which class of computer has the lowest computational capacity? microcomputer, mainframe, midrange computer, supercomputer

microcomputer

____ has been the primary basis for CPU speed and clock rate improvement since the first electrical computer. consolidation, power, cooling, miniaturization

miniaturization

Resource allocation and direct hardware control are the responsibilities of a(n) ____.

operating system

____ describes any CPU architecture in which duplicate CPUs or processor stages can execute in parallel. uniprocessing, hyperprocessing, scaled processing, multiprocessing

multiprocessing

Which of the following is not a Web site devoted to serving the needs of computer professionals? earthweb, napster, gartner group, ITworld

napster

In a small organization, the manager of the local area network is referred to as the ____. network administrator, systems analyst, database administrator, operations manager

network administrator

A(n) ____ operation transforms a 0 bit value to 1 and a 1 bit value to 0. ADD, OR, AND, NOT

not

Which of the following characteristics of data encoding methods improve as the number of bits used to represent each data item is increased? ease of manipulation, standardization, numeric range, compactness

numeric range

The first group of bits in an instruction represents its unique binary number, commonly called the ____. data word, operand, op code, operator

op code

Subsequent groups of bits after the first group in an instruction hold its input values, called ____. operands, operators, op codes, words

operands

A(n) ____ is a collection of utility programs that supports users and application programs, allocates computer resources among multiple users and application programs, and controls access to computer hardware. operating system, network software, systems software, computer network

operating system

Which of the following statements about optical devices is not true? Optical devices are at the leading edge of computer hardware technology, optical devices are gradually replacing electrical and magnetic storage devices, some input/output devices are based on optical technologies and devices, optical data communication is still not common in computer networks that cover relatively large distances.

optical data communication is still not common in computer networks that cover relatively large distances.

Which of the following results are possible when adding, subtracting, or multiplying two integers? overflow, truncation, excess, two's complement

overflow

____ occurs when the absolute value of a computational result contains too many bits to fit into a fixed-width data format. overflow, rounding, underflow, approximation

overflow

The process for physically applying the logical design of the processor to the chip is called ___________________________________?; in this step, transistors and tiny wires are built onto the chip in a series of ten or more layers (called masks).

photolithography

The data types a CPU supports are sometimes called ____ data types. primitive, complex, limited, user

primitive

A(n) ____is a device that performs data manipulation and transformation functions. instruction, algorithm, processor, operating system

processor

____ physics describes the behavior of matter at a subatomic level. relativity, newtonian, quantum, einsteinian

quantum

The fractional portion of a real number is represented by digits to the right of the ____. base, radix point, mantissa, exponent

radix point

What separates digits representing whole number quantities from digits representing fractional quantities in a positional numbering system? pointer, low order bit, high order bit, radix point

radix point

In current computer hardware, main memory is implemented with silicon-based semiconductor devices commonly called ____. flash, ram, rom, prom

ram

A(n) ____ can contain both whole and fractional components. real number, imaginary number, binary number, integer ****************

real number

A(n) ___ is a storage location implemented in the CPU.

register

The major components of a CPU are the ___, ___, and ___.

register, ALU, control unit

The CPU contains a few internal storage locations called ____, each capable of holding a single instruction or data item. the compiler, the ALU, shifters, registers

registers

Early mechanical computation devices were built to perform ____. text processing, mathematical simulation, repetitive mathematical calculations, repetitive mechanical operations

repetitive mathematical calculations

The loss of electrical power that occurs as electrons pass through a conductor is called ____. resistance, amperage, voltage, wattage

resistance

____ states that the cost of fabrication facilities for the latest chip generation doubles every four years. rock's law, nelson's law, moore's law, lamb's law

rock's law

The term ___ describes the collection of storage devices that hold large quantities of data for long periods.

secondary storage

A(n) ___ is a computer that manages shared resources and allows other computers to access them through a network.

server

The term ____ can describe computers as small as microcomputers and as large as supercomputers. server, mainframe, client, grid

server

Which of the following describes a computer system that manages one or more shared resources such as file systems or databases, and allows users to access these resources over a local- or wide-area network? servers, personal computer, network computer, workstation

servers

What data type is two's complement format most commonly used to represent? unsigned integer, unsigned real number, signed integer, signed real number

signed integer

The job titles of people responsible for developing application software include __.

software developer, programmer, systems programmer

Which of the following statements best describes changes in software development from the earliest days of computing to the present? substitution of computer hardware for programming labor has decreased, substitution of computer hardware for programming labor has increased, relative consumption of computer hardware and programming labor is unchanged, operating systems have reduced software reuse thus increasing programming labor

substitution of computer hardware for programming labor has increased

A(n) ___ typically uses the latest and most expensive technology.

super computer

Which class of computer has the highest computational capacity? microcomputer, mainframe, midrange computer, super computer

super computer

A ____ is designed for one purpose—rapid mathematical computation. server, mainframe, microcomputer, supercomputer

supercomputer

Which computer class is generally implemented with the latest and most expensive cutting-edge technology? workstation, mainframe, midrange computer, supercomputer

supercomputer

The term ____ describes a computer systems components and their interactions.

system architecture

Which of the following terms describes the structure, interaction, and technology of computer system components? Computer network, operating system, system software, systems architecture

system architecture

The ____ is the plumbing that connects all computer system components.

system bus

The ____ is a digital circuit that generates timing pulses, or signals, and transmits the pulses to other devices in the computer. data clock, variance clock, memory clock, system clock

system clock

____ is targeted to general-purpose tasks that support many application programs and users. system software, commodity software, application software, niche software

system software

___ software is general-purpose software. ____ software is specialized for specific user needs.

system, application

A(n) ____ conducts surveys, determines feasibility, and defines and documents user requirements. application programmer, systems analyst, systems designer, DBA

systems analyst

____ develop software such as operating systems, compilers, database management systems, and network security monitors. application programmers, systems programmers, database programmers, systems analysts

systems programmers

The leftmost digit in a bit string is called the ____. most significant digit, most valuable digit, least significant digit, least valuable digit

the most significant

Why aren't secondary storage devices generally used to implement primary storage? they're too expensive, they're volatile, their capacity is too small, they're too slow

too slow

A(n) ____ is an electrical switch with three electrical connections. transistor, insulator, resistor, conductor

transistor

Numbers such as 1/3 are stored in floating-point format by ____. approximation, rounding, truncation, packing

truncation

Which of the following does not result from floating point math operations? underflow, truncation, overflow, two's complement

two's complement

In ____ notation, nonnegative integer values are represented as ordinary binary values. ones complement, packed, excess, twos complement

twos complement

Which of the following occurs when a negative exponent is too large in absolute value to fit within the bits allocated to store it? truncation, overflow, underflow, flow point

underflow

A data type that stores positive integer values as ordinary binary numbers; its value is always assumed to be positive.

unsigned integer

Most CPUs provide a(n) ____ data type, which stores positive integer values as ordinary binary numbers. unsigned real, unsigned integer, signed real, signed integer

unsigned integer

In the decimal or binary notations, the symbol used to represent a digit and the digit's position in a string determines its ____. sign, value, placement, base

value

With a ____, the amount by which the instruction pointer is incremented after a fetch is the length of the most recently fetched instruction. fixed length instruction, variable-length instruction, dynamic instruction, standard instruction

variable-length instruction

____ Web sites are oriented toward sales, but they usually contain detailed information on specific products or links to other Web sites. vendor, user, manufacturer, reseller

vendor

Each clock cycle the CPU spends waiting for a slower device is called a ____. suspend state, hold state, block state, wait state

wait state

A ____ is a unit of data containing a fixed number of bytes or bits and can be loosely defined as the amount of data a CPU processes at one time. block, word, unit, pixel

word

In order to make an informed choice when purchasing a computer, which of the following is most important? hard disk speed, processor type, your preferences and requirements, operating system

your preferences and requirements