Nutrition chapters 4 pearson

What is a key hormone produced by the pancreas that plays a key role in regulating blood glucose levels after a meal?

Insulin

is a key hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreas that plays a key role in regulating blood glucose levels after a meal.

Insulin

How does the body respond to high blood glucose levels?

Insulin secretion

The Dietary Guidelines recommended limiting added sugar in a diet. Which of the following foods would be considered a significant source of added sugar?

Nutri-Grain cereal bar

Which of the following statements is true regarding absorption of monosaccharides

Some monosaccharides are absorbed via a form of passive transport, namely facilitated diffusion

Which of the following statements regarding absorption of monosaccharides is TRUE?

Some monosaccharides are absorbed via a form of passive transport, namely facilitated diffusion.

What enzymes are responsible for breakdown of disaccharides?

Sucrase, Maltase, and lactase.

What are the three disaccharides?

Sucrose, Maltose, and Lactose.

Which of the following statements BEST explains carbohydrate digestion?

There is an enzyme in our saliva that begins the digestion of carbohydrates. Carbohydrate digestion breaks larger carbohydrates into smaller units. Some chemical reactions occur in the stomach.

One of the monosaccharides is _____.

fructose

hormones that raise blood glucose level?

glucagon, epinephrine, and norepinephrine

The body can either use ________ for energy, convert to glycogen, or store it as fat.

glucose

Carbohydrates must be consumed every 3 to 4 hours to prevent depletion of the glucose in our blood.

false

Foods only contain one type of carbohydrate.

false

It takes more than 8 hours for ingested carbohydrate to be digested, absorbed, and circulated in the cells.

false

What types of foods did Pilar Guzman recommend to pair with naturally occurring sugars like fruit to stave off cravings?

fats and proteins

As part of the response to increased blood glucose after a meal, Insulin triggers the of _____________________ on the cell membrane in the body to be increased.

glucose transporters

If there is no immediate demand for glucose, it is stored as _______.

glycogen

Which dietary change is recommended for people living with diabetes?

Eat regular, consistent meals throughout the day

Which of the following is a component of metabolic syndrome?

Elevated blood pressure

Trace the digestion of carbohydrates through the gastrointestinal tract by labeling the steps in the order they occur after you take your first bite of a piece of bread.

1) Salivary enzymes break down starch in the bread into smaller chains and the disaccharide maltose. 2) Salivary amylase is inactivated by stomach acid. 3) Pancreatic amylase breaks down starch into the disaccharide maltose. 4) Enzymes of the small intestine digest disaccharides into monosaccharides. 5) Some dietary fiber in the bread is fermented by bacteria; the rest passes through the large intestine to be eliminated.

The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for carbohydrates is ______ of total energy intake.

45-65%

How many added grams of sugar do Americans consume daily over the maximum recommendation?

110 grams

The Adequate Intake (AI) of fiber for women is _____ grams per day.

25

Rank the events in the sequence they follow from a lower blood glucose level to a normal blood glucose level. Lowest->Normal glucose levels:

Blood glucose levels fall. When blood glucose levels are low, glucagon is secreted from the pancreas into the bloodstream. Glucagon targets the liver and stimulates glycogenolysis to release glucose into the bloodstream. Gluconeogenesis in the liver is activated and converts amino acids and other noncarbohydrate sources to glucose, which is released into the bloodstream.

Rank the steps to indicate the effects of insulin to bring blood glucose levels to normal following a meal. Highest->Normal glucose levels:

Blood glucose levels rise following the digestion of a carbohydrate-rich meal. Insulin is secreted from the pancreas into the bloodstream. Insulin increases the number of glucose transporters on the cell membranes to allow the transport of glucose into the cells. Insulin stimulates the liver to store excess glucose as glycogen and stimulates glycogenesis in the muscle cells. Insulin stimulates lipogenesis in the adipose tissue.

Fiber is a polysaccharide that gives plants their structure, and the bonds that hold the fiber molecules together are difficult to digest by the human body. Fiber plays an important role in a healthy diet by promoting healthy passage of stool and by helping to prevent many digestive and chronic diseases.

Fiber is important for adding bulk to stool and making it easier to eliminate stool as long as water intake is adequate. Humans do not produce enzymes in the small intestine that can break down fiber. Fermentation of fiber by gut bacteria results in production of certain molecules which can be used by cells of the large intestine for energy.

Diabetes is a chronic disease in which the body can no longer regulate _______.

GLUCOSE

What is the key hormone produced by the pancreas that plays an important role in regulating blood glucose levels during times of fasting?

Glucagon

What is the role of the hormone glucagon in regulating blood glucose?

Glucagon stimulates glycogenolysis to increase blood glucose.

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the metabolic fate of glucose? A) Lipogenesis is the breaking down of stored fat when blood glucose levels are low. B) Gluconeogenesis generates glucose from noncarbohydrate sources, such as amino acids, when blood glucose levels are low. C) When glucose levels are low, glycogenesis, the formation of glycogen, is stimulated. D)When blood glucose levels are high, glycogen breakdown, or glycogenolysis, is stimulated in both the liver and muscle to supply glucose to the blood.

Gluconeogenesis generates glucose from noncarbohydrate sources, such as amino acids, when blood glucose levels are low.

Which of the following statements regarding glucose absorption is TRUE?

Glucose is absorbed mostly through the lining of the small intestine.

What are the three monosaccharides found in food?

Glucose, Fructose, and Galactose.

These are absorbed by the small intestine and enter the bloodstream.

Glucose, fructose, and galactose.

What is the storage form of glucose in the liver and muscles of humans and animals?

Glycogen

what occurs when blood glucose levels drop below 70 mg/dl?

Hypoglycemia

Which of the following statements is CORRECT in regard to the role of insulin in blood glucose regulation?

Insulin stimulates the storage of glucose as glycogen in the liver and muscles. Glucose requires insulin to cross cell membranes. Insulin is released when blood glucose levels rise. All of these statements are correct.

What are the enzymes that are responsible for the break down of starches?

Pancreatic amylase and Salivary Amylase

Starch

Plants store glucose as polysaccharides in this form.

Which of the following is a controllable risk factor for Type 2 diabetes?

Sedentary lifestyle

Fiber is NOT digested by the human digestive tract.

TRUE

What occurs when blood glucose levels rise following the ingestion of a glucose-rich meal?

The beta cells of the pancreas release insulin.

Glycogen

The storage form of glucose in humans and animals.

What is glucose converted to for storage in fat tissue?

Triglycerides

Fiber

a nondigestible polysaccharide.

Complex Carbohydrates

are a category of nutrient compounds consisting of long chains of sugar molecules.

Monosaccharides

are a category of single sugar molecules that are absorbed easily in the small intestine.

Simple Carbohydrates

are a category of sugars that contain either one or two molecules. Monosaccharides and disaccharides are simple carbohydrates.

hormones that have no effect on blood glucose levels?

cholecystokinin, ghrelin, and secretin

Disaccharides

consist of two molecules of sugar joined together.

What type of seeds did Pilar Guzman recommend as a crunchy sweet sugar substitute that is high in protein containing essential amino acids such as Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids?

hemp seeds

Hormone hat lower blood glucose levels

insulin

Type 2 diabetes is caused by __________.

insulin resistance

Glucagon

is a key hormone produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas that plays an important role in regulating blood glucose levels during times of fasting.

Sucrose

is a type of simple carbohydrate composed of a glucose molecule and a fructose molecule.

Glucose

is the most abundant sugar molecule, and the preferred source of energy for the brain.

Glycogen

is the storage form of glucose in the liver and muscles of humans and animals.

After polysaccharides are broken down into monosaccharides and disaccharides and are digested, they are converted into glucose in the _____.

liver

In response to insulin or glucagon, either glycogenesis or gluconeogenesis, respectively will take place in the ?

liver

An advantage of eating a high-fiber diet is that __________.

meals high in fiber help to normalize blood sugar levels

Which of the following foods would be a good source of naturally occurring sugar?

milk

The body absorbs which form of digested carbohydrates?

monosaccharides

Glucose is stored as glycogen in the liver and in

muscles.

Insulin is produced and released from the?

pancreas

Which of the following is likely to be the MOST significant source of fiber in a cereal bar?

rolled oats, cracked oats, steal cut oats

Which of the following nutrients is a carbohydrate?

starch fructose high fructose corn syrup All of these are correct.