IS310 Exam #1 (Chapter 1-3 terms)

grid

A ___________________ is a group of different computer systems, connected by a network that cooperate to provide services or run a shared application

server

A _____________________ is a computer that manages shared resources and allows other computers to access them through a network. Moreso its a computer system that manages databases, file systems. printers to allow several users to access these resources via different computers through a network

blade

A circuit board that contains most of a server/ Usually a blade has one or more CPUs, memory areas, and network interfaces. A multitude of thesesyst can be installed in a single cabinet and form a specialized cluster when on a single rack.

processor

A device capable of performing data manipulation and transformation operations

excess notation

A format that can be used to represent signed integers with a fixed number of bits; essentially, it divides a range of ordinary binary numbers in half and uses the lower half for negative values and the upper half for nonnegative values. See also signed integer.

binary number

A number in which each digit can have only one of two possible values (0 or 1)

algorithm

A problem-solving procedure that requires one or more comparison and branch instructions

logic instruction

A program that solves a _________________ requires no branching instructions. Comparison evaluates a condition as true or false.

program

A set of instructions that are executed to solve a specific problem or finish a desired task is a ____________________.

cluster

A(n) ____________________ is a group of similar or identical computers, connected by a network, that cooperate to provide services or run an application. The computers are sometimes referred to as "nodes" and their process is sometimes referred to as "parallel computing". An example is a web server farm

register

A(n) ____________________________ is a storage location implemented in the CPU. They are used to store data and instructions which are frequently needed.

qubit

An atom or any other matter that stores data in multiple simultaneous quantum states

signed integer

An integer that uses a sign bit to indicate whether the value is negative or positive.

Mainframes, minicomputers

Classes of larger servers include ___________________, which are generally optimized for data storage and I/O capability, and ___________________, which are generally optimized for computational capacity and speed.

deployment

Configuring hardware and system software is an activity of the UP ______________ discipline. ______________ discipline gives the set of activities to install and configure the application software components and make them work.

Business Modeling and Requirements

During the _________________ UP disciplines, the business, irs environment, and user requirements are defined and modeled. Activities concerned in this discipline focus on building the model of the organization, the system, and the user. Includes flowcharts, data flow diagrams, organizational charts, and class diagrams.

two's complement

In ____________ notation, nonnegative integer values are represented as ordinary binary values

op code

In an instruction bit string, it's the first group of bits and represents the instruction's unique binary number

radix point

In numbering systems other than decimal, the period or comma that separates the whole and fractional parts of a numeric value

- IEEE (Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers) - ACM (Association for Computing Machinery) - AITP (Association for Information Technology Professionals)

Information Systems students and professionals should be familiar with professional societies, such as _________________, _________________, and ________________

design

Selecting hardware, network components, and system software is an activity of the UP _________________ discipline. _________________ discipline combines the sets of activities required to determine the structure of an information system which fulfills the systems requirements.

- Processing - Storage - External communication - Internal communication

The computer's four major functions are:

primitive

The data type that CPU supports are called _________ types

system bus

The internal communication channel connecting all hardware devices The ________________________ enables the CPU, memory, and secondary memory to communicate.

arithmetic logic unit, registers, and control uni

The major components of a CPU are the __________________, ________________, and _________________.

- Cost - Capacity - Speed - Volatility

What are the main differences between main memory and secondary memory?

signed bit

a bit in a signed number representation that indicates the sign of a number; also known as the "most signficant bit"

computer

a device that can be instructed to carry out an arbitrary set of arithmetic or logical operations automatically

UP (Unified Process)

a modern software development life cycle; an information system is built in a series of 4-to-6 week repeated steps called iterations

main memory a.k.a. primary storage

high speed storage in a computer system that holds currently running programs and data immediately needed by these programs. Devices include RAM and cache. (Ex: an opened Word document)

overflow

occurs when the absolute value of a computational result contains too many bits to fit into fixed width data format

virtualization

running one or more copies of an operating system on top of the host OS

secondary storage

system devices that provide large capacity and long term data storage. Devices include magnetic and optical discs. (Ex: a saved Word document)