ISM4220 Final

Name the storage location for network hardware addresses

ARP table

Who funded the first network?

ARPA/Government

The first network is known as

ARPANET

What text standard is used in most plain text protocols?

ASCII

What CSP does netflix use for transcoding?

AWS

_________ VPN working on layer 3 of the network

All IPAC

In the IPv6 header what is the traffic class used for?

All the above

A codec is needed to connect what to digital?

Analog

What is the advantage of virtualization?

Flexibility and agility

SDN use a single set of rules for creating the configurations of the infrastructure. What are those rules stores for?

Forwarding table

What happened to application messages that are large?

Fragmentation

What happens to a network message as it passes from layer 5 to 4?

Fragmentation and encapsulation

Phishing is the practice of sending what to users?

Fraudulent emails

As a network administrator what would you use the subnet portion of your IP address for

Group hosts in a meaningful way

Mobile telephone switching offices are used to manage connectivity and ________

Handoffs

Which is more secure tunnel mode or transport mode?

Transport

Why is TCP so much more complex than UDP

error correction

In the IP header, where is the version located

first field

A network message moves to the next layer what information is it encapsulated with?

header details

Connection between business locations, sections, or offices that need consistent quality connections are ideal for

leased lines

What is used to differentiate two messages sent to a host for 2 different servers

ports

_________ what is stored in forwarding tables of a SDN

rules, configurations

All IETF standards are based on

running code

IaaS providers offer which: servers or software?

servers

How long is an IPv6 address?`

128 bits

What is the largest number a octet in an IP can be?

255

In a TCP session, the opening is 3 or 4 way?

3

What value in the "Next header value" field indicated the end of headers?

59, no next header

With an IPv4 address that has a 16 bit network segment, what size subnet would you need to allow 500 hosts per subnet but not many more?

7 bits

Dedicated leased lines are ideal for what type of connection?

A and B

What statement describes the host segment of an IPv6 address?

A and B

In closing a TCP session, what is the last packet exchanged?

ACK

What packets in a TCP session do not get acknowledged

ACK

What network security is used to send traffic outside the network

Border network

What is special about ARP address?

Both B and C

What is the highest address used in each subnet?

Broadcast

Which type of residential WAN service has a shared capacity for neighborhoods?

Cable modem

How does netflix reduce network utilization during content delivery?

Cache servers at ISPs

What is used to keep copies of correct popular files on a local network segment?

Caching

SDNs help to reduce what kind of costs?

Capital and operating expenditures

Use of an e-line connection between two locations is an example of what kind of technology being implemented?

Carrier ethernet

Original challenges of ARPANET

Connecting the user, host addresses, and no standards

What has to exist in the routing table to only need routes that should be treated special?

Default row

DNS servers map IP addresses to what?

Domain names

What is the lowest address in each subnet used for?

Dynamic host, DHCP

What technology makes it so the carrier network structure is viewed as a single network of trunks and switches?

E-Line

What is the ACK packet used for

Error correction

Malware is any software with _____ intentions

Evil

Why is phishing so hard to defend against?

Exploits people not technology

This organization is responsible for IP assignments

IANA

Who creates internet standards?

IETF

When accessing a host behind a NAT appliance, what is changed in the headers?

IP

Which VPN type and configuration has no host configuration needed?

IPSEC Tunnel

Hardware that has a dual stack IP chip is capable of using

IPv4 and IPv6

What type of address is 128 bits in length?

IPv6

______ and EUI-48 addresses are written using hexadecimal number system

IPv6

What is the result of a host not having a dns record type AAAA

IPv7 will not be able to resolve host name

How can IPv4 address be abbreviated?

It cant

Which network layer handles getting messages from one network to another?

Layer 3 - internet

Which is the only layer that has the capabilities to handle error correction?

Layer 4 Transport

In the data link layer, what addressing is used?

MAC or EUI-48

What technology uses a header label to make routing decisions?

MLPS

What can be used to ensure there is only one match at each hop in the router?

MPLS

What protocol was developed to help router efficiency

MPLS

Cell towers connect to _______ for handling cells and inter tower handoffs

Mobile telephone switching offices

What makes spear phishing so much more dangerous?

More convincing due to its narrow target

The term for multiple network conversations on a single transmission line?

Multiplexing

Name the technology used to convert external sockets allowing multiple hosts behind a single global address

NAT

Does all malware have a payload

No

Does the packet change during the network transmission?

No

Was the target breach a direct attack?

No

What effect does IPSEC have on firewall inspections

None

When using WPA2 what messages are not encrypted

None of them, all are encrypted

What standard of line type is used in the US to transmit data faster than 44 Mbps

North American Digital Hierarchy - t3

Network standards govern 3 aspects of network messages

Order, semantics, syntax

Primary difference between a worm and a virus is

direct propagation or propagation method

Which layers are required to send/deliver a network message?

Physical, DLL, Internet

5 layers

Physical, data link, internet, transport, application

When a TCP fragmentation comes to an abrupt close, what kind of packet was sent

RST

Name of network equipment needed to send network messages outside of local network?

Router

What is the biggest risk of moving to the cloud?

disruption of service

Which network device uses IP subnet comparisons to decide which interface to send traffic to

Routers

IPSEC and SSL/TLS are both VPNs, which is used at transport layer?

SSL/TLS

________ VPN works on layer 4 of a network

SSL/TLS

Office 365 is an example of what type of service?

SaaS

ICMP packets can expose the host address during NAT what threat does this cause

Security

What is used to put out of order fragmented messages back together?

Sequence numbers

The internet is a collection of what?

Single networks

The combination of IP addresses and port is known as what

Socket

What set of APIs are used for the controller to interface with networking hardware

Southbound

Which is known as reliable protocol? TCP or UDP

TCP

Why is the first field of all IP packets the version ID

To know how to read the header properly

Which protocol is used if speed is more important than accuracy?

UDP

In what version of SNMP were individual usernames and passwords introduced

Version 3

When your network needs to extend beyond one location what type of services may need to be added to link them to LAN

WAN, MAN, e-LAN

A network tool can show the contents of frames and packets

Wireshark

What does an ACK packet mean

acknowledgement of reception of message

Normal packets are sent just to a host while ARC requests are:

broadcast to all hosts

What is the difference in virtualization and clustering?

clustering is multiple systems acting as one, virtualization is 1 system acting as many

The result of network standards. There is _______ between equipment manufacturers

competition