Israel

Zionism -

-fathered by Theodore Herzl -essentially Jewish nationalism -its aim is to create a home for Jews secured by public law

Who was the second PM ?

Moshe Sharett

Menachem Begin (what # PM, what did he do as PM, what did he found, do before Israel's independence)

- Begin was the 6th PM of Israel - - founder of the right of center movement called Herut, today known as Likud. - Before independence, he was the leader of the Zionist militant group, Irgun. -As PM, Begin was known for signing a peace treaty with Egypt in 1979, in which he and Anwar Sadat shared the Nobel Prize for Peace.

UNGAR - UN General Assembly Resolution 181 - (how did it define the partition called for by UNSCOP?, did it work?)

- Calls for the establishment of Independent Arab and Jewish States. -The area west of the Jordan River would belong to the Palestinians (Transjordan). Jerusalem would be considered an "international zone" or separate entity. -UNGAR (2-state) never happened as the Arabs never declared their independence

Dreyfuss Trial

- Dreyfuss was a French army officer who was accused of treason (giving secrets to Germans in Franco-Prussian War). - The accusations against Dreyfuss were baseless and eventually dropped. -Theodor Herzl was assigned to report on the trial and its aftermath. -Soon afterward, Herzl wrote Der Judenstaat (The Jewish State, 1896) and founded the World Zionist Organization, which called for the creation of a Jewish State in Palestine. -The anti-Semitism and injustice revealed in France by the conviction of Alfred Dreyfus had a radicalizing effect on Herzl, persuading him that Jews could never hope for fair treatment in European society.

Ariel Sharon (#, member of what parties, what he did as PM, etc)

- Israel's 11th PM., -a commander in the Israeli Army, -a member of the Likud. - As PM in 2004-2005, he evicted all Israelis from the Gaza Strip and from four settlements in the Western Bank, in a move known as Israel's Unilateral Disengagement Plan. This made him unpopular with Likud,, as Sharon would go on to form his own liberal- centrist party known as Kadima.

--Asefat Ha Nivcharim

- Jewish National Assembly elected by Jews in Palestine who voted. Ran between 1920-1949

Yishuv

- Jewish community in Palestine before the establishment of the state of Israel. - under Mandate, the Arab and Jewish communities dealt with municipal matters in their own respective ways

"Jewish Question"

- encompasses the issues and resolutions surrounding the historic unequal civil, legal and national status between non-Jews and Ashkenazi Jews, particularly in Europe. - Issues included assimilation and Zionism.

Avraham Stern (leader of what group)

- founded and led the militant Zionist organization known as Lehi or The Stern Gang.

Levi Eshkol - (2 significant things)

- the 3rd PM of Israel, from 1963 until his death from a heart attack in 1969. He was the first Israeli PM to die in office.

Golda Meir (nickname, previous positions held, who she was succeeded by)

- the 4th and only woman PM of Israel. -She served as Foreign Minister and Minister of Labour before becoming PM. -She was described as the "Iron Lady" (before Thatcher) of Israeli politics. She was succeeded by Yitzhak Rabin

Yitzhak Rabin (what number PM, what's special about him, how many terms)

- the 5th PM of Israel - was the first Israeli PM to be born in Israel. He served 2 terms in office, 1974-77 and 1992 until his assassination in 1995. -Was assassinated by right-wing Israeli radical Yigal Amir, who was opposed to Rabin's signing of the Oslo Accords.

Yitzhak Shamir (#, party, reputation, background, previous positions held)

- the 7th PM of Israel, - had a reputation as a Likud hard-liner. - He was a member of the small, but more militant faction led by Avraham Stern, called the Lehi or Stern Gang. - He later held senior positions in the Mossad and served as Minister of Foreign Affairs before taking over for Begin as PM.

Tzipi Livni - (what position, what party, political views, whats special about her)

- the current Israeli Opposition Leader and leader of Kadima, the largest party in the Knesset. -She strongly favors the 2-state solution. - She is the first woman to be leader of the opposition in Israel

David Ben-Gurion (name 4 things he's known for)

- the first Prime Minister of Israel. -largely led the struggle for an independent Jewish State - was the first to sign Israel's Declaration of Independence and united Jewish militias into the IDF.

Moshe Katsav (who is he?, where is he from, what party, and what is presidency infamous for?)

- the previous President of Israel. -He was an immigrant to Israel from Iran. -He is a leading member of the Likud. -The end of his presidency was marked by controversy, stemming from allegations of rape and sexual harassment.

Ehud Olmert -(who he succeeded/ proceeded, party, terms)

-PM of Israel before Netanyahu, between 2006 and 2009. -He was a member of Likud, and took over Sharon after he suffered from a severe stroke -. Faced criticism for handling of 2006 Lebanon War and was accused of corruption. He agreed to step down after the next Kadima leader was named

UNSCOP - United Nations Special Committee on Palestine - (1947) (what 2 thinks did the UNSCOP call for)

-UNSCOP called for the partition of Palestine and the establishment of a federation state - talks about goals and desires (i.e. Jewish State with Jerusalem as capital) for the future government of Palestine.

Theodore Herzl - -3 THINGS: GO (occupation, where he was born, known for, etc).

-political and ideological father of Zionism and Israel. -was born in Budapest, was a journalist who covered Dreyfus Affair. -he believed the answer to the Jewish Question was to create a Jewish state

Ehud Barak -(position, who he proceeded/succeeded)

-served as PM from 1999 to 2001. -He was the leader of the Labor Party and currently holds the post of Minister of Defense and Deputy Prime Minister. -Had a highly decorated military career and was appointed Chief of General Staff in 1991. -between netanyahu and Sharon

Shimon Peres (who is he, party, former positions)

-the current President of Israel. -He was a prominent author, a left of center labor socialism, and he at one point served as Prime Minister. -He was born in Poland and is a member of Kadima.

Aguda - (what was special about them, what was there view on ZIonism)

-the first political party of Israel - a political party of Religious Jews, right of center, -Religious communities of central and Eastern Europe wanted to make sure the word of God dominates. -They argue that they can't have return of Jewish state until God gives permission.

Vladimir Jabotinsky - why is he important/ his stance on British mandate

-was a Revisionist Zionist leader, who thought the Jewish states should be on both sides of the river. - In other words, he thought they should revise Britain's plan to divide Palestine into 2 mandates and restore the original concept.

Six-Day War -1967 -

-was fought between Israel and Egypt, Jordan and Syria. Israel launched a preemptive attack that led to a swift and decisive victory. They wound up with the Gaza Strip and Sanai Peninsula from Egypt, the Golan Heights from Syria and the West Bank from Jordan

Naturei Karta

A group of religious Jews who did not favor Zionism.

Who Am I? - an Israeli diplomat and politician. He -served as Israeli Foreign Affairs Minister, Deputy PM, and ambassador to the United States and to the United Nations. -He was also the VP of the UN General Assembly.

Abba Eban

Anglo-American Council of Inquiry (1946) (who was made up of this group, what was its goal, who did they consult)

American and British groups that sit and meet and try to come up with a solution to the humanitarian effort to move displaced people . -The committee consulted Arab and Jewish Representatives about the problems of Palestine,

Who Am I? -Israeli politician and member of the Knesset for the Labour Party. - former Defense Minister of Israel and former leader of the Labour Party, having left those positions in 2007. - He preceded Ehud Barak as Defense Minister.

Amir Peretz

The current Minister of Foreign Affairs and Deputy PM of Israel. Is the founder and leader of the Yisrael Beiteniupart, whose electoral base are the immigrants from the former Soviet Union.

Avigdor Leiberman

Balfour Declaration (1917)

Brits proclaim in a letter that Palestine is the "national home" for Jewish people- caused confusion about interpretation -

Chaim Weizmann (name 3 things he led) (Background)

Chaim Weizmann - led the Zionist movement, the President of the Zionist Organization, and the first President of Israel. Was a professor of chemistry in Britain who had found a way to produce acetone (which helped ammunition)? Was regarded as the leader of external efforts of politics, due to his access to senior members of British government.

Peace of Westphalia

Established the idea of the modern day state with security . Ends all warfare in Europe.

Knesset -

It is the modern Israeli Parliament and has 120 members.

--Va'ad Leumi -

Jewish National Council - was the main institution of the Jewish community (Yishuv)

Mizrahi -

Jews from the Middle East, North Africa, that made up early political party. Today they make up more than half of Israel's Jewish population

The current speaker of the Knesset and a member of the conservative Likud.

Reuven Rivlin

Which journalist is the current leader of the Labour Party?

Shelly Yachimovich

Der Judenstaat - (The Jewish State, 1896) -

Written by Theodr Herzl, it claimed that the answer to the Jewish Question was the creation of Jewish state. Herzl claims this national home should rightfully be in Palestine

The current Finance Minister of Israel and member of Likud

Yuval Stenitz

Labor Party -

believed there should be a left of center political group

World Zionist Organization -

founded in 1897 in Basel, Switzerland. - It served as an umbrella organization for the Zionist movement, whose objective was the creation of a Jewish homeland in Palestine. -The WZO was led by Chaim Weizmann

Hagana - (what is it, and what is it the basis of)

means defense in Hebrew. Functions under Yishuv, provide police function with a higher level of capability, This eventually became the basis of the IDF

C.P.P. / Communist Party of Palestine -

only country in Middle East to have a LEGAL communist party. The CPP was pro-Moscow but not pro-China

Benjamin Netanyahu - (Party, what's pecial about him)

the current PM of Israel. -He is the chairman of the Likud Party. - He is the first and only Israeli PM to be born in Israel after the State of Israel's Foundation in 1948. -He was a member of the IDF and a team leader in a special forces unit.

Altalena Affair (1948) -

violent confrontation between newly formed IDF, led by David Ben Gurion, and the Irgun, led by Begin. -Altalena was a cargo ship captained by Irgun, which carried weapons for the Irgun, the national military association of Israel. -David Ben-Gurion ordered Irgun to give them weapons and when Begin refused, the IDF attacked the ship