ISTM 310 chapter 5
RTP
1) sending application 2) packet sequence number 3) time stamp
how long are the addresses in IPv6?
128 bit addresses (it's enough for everyone to use by 100 times)
How many bits of overhead is in a IPv4 Packet?
160-192 bits
how many bits of overhead does TCP have
160-192 bits
Subnet mask
2-bit number that masks an IP address, and divides the IP address into network address and host address.
How long are the addresses in IPv4?
32 bit address
how long are addresses in IPv4?
32 bits
how many bytes of overhead does UDP have?
32-64 bits
How many bits of overhead are in a IPv6 packet?
320 bits of overhead
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
A dynamic link state protocol (developed by Cisco) Records transmission capacity, delay time, reliability and load for all paths Fairly sophisticated and the main advantage is reliability
What is segmenting?
Breaking up large files into smaller segments (and putting them back together). Segments may be passed individually to application layer or after reassembly
CIDR acronym
Classless Inter-Domain Routing.
decentralized routing
Decisions made by each node independently of one another. Information needs to be exchanged to prepare routing tables. It will use some over head.
DHCP acronmym
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
Open shortest path first
Dynamic link state protocol used for interior routing
EIGRP acronym
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
What is the problem with IPv4?
Exhaustion of address space. They have allocated these addresses so nobody new can come along
static
Fixed routing tables Manually configured by network managers Local adjustments when computers added or removed
ICMP acronym
Internet Control Message Protocol
ICANN acronym
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
IGMP acronym
Internet Group Management Protocol
MSS
Maximum Segment Size
What is DHCP?
Most common protocol for dynamic addressing. 1) The device sends out the broadcast message. 2) DHCP responds with IP settings. 3) Addresses are "leased" for a length of time
OSPF acronym
Open Shortest Path First
routing
Process of identifying what path to have a packet take through a network from sender to receiver.
RTSP acronym
Real-Time Streaming Protocol
RTP acronym
Real-Time Transport Protocol
RSVP acronym
Resource Reservation Protocol
dynamic
Routing tables updated periodically Routers exchange information using protocols to update tables
connectionless messaging
Sends 1 quick message without establishing a session (UDP)
How large are segments?
Size depends on the network and data link layer protocols. MSS is negotiated during TCP handshake
What is the function of a transport layer?
TCP/ UDP may serve multiple application layer protocol
what is addressing?
Used to direct messages from source to destination and exists at different layers
UDP acronym
User Datagram Protocol
Classful addressing
Uses the first bits to determine number of hosts Discontinued, but nomenclature still used Not really talked about in IPv6
Connection-Oriented messaging
Using a session to send segments in a sequence until the conversation is done (TCP)
Who developed "TCP/IP" at first?
Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn in 1974. It was originally developed as a single internetworking protocol
autonomous system
a network operated by one organization, such as IBM or Indiana University, or an organization that runs one part of the internet
replication
a process where DNS servers can exchange information about new and changed addresses among themselves
ARP
address resolution protocol
multicasting
addresses from 224-239. Sending messages to a group of computers rather than one computer
loopback
addresses starting at 127. allows the computer to communicate with itself and back. used by developers
broadcast messages
addresses starting at 255.
reserved addresses
addresses starting from 224
What is gone in an IPv6?
an optional heade
distance vector dynamic routing
based on the number of "hops" between two devices
link state dynamic routing
based on the number of hops, cicruit speed, and traffic congestion
BGP acronoym
border gateway protocol
session
conversation between two computers or creating a virtual circuit.
what is QoS
different connections are assigned different priorities
DNS
domain name server
border gateway protocol
dynamic distance vector exterior routing protocol used on the internet to exchange routing information between autonomous systems
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
dynamic distance vector protocol used for exterior routing simpler than dynamic link protocol more complex than interior routing protocols provides routing information only on selected routes
routing information protocol
dynamic distance vector used for interior routing
opens shortest path first
dynamic hybrid interior routing protocol that is commonly used on the internet.
what does ICANN do?
managing assignment of netowrk layer adresses and application layer addresses. assigning domain names and IP addresses
multicast
one computer to a group of computers (video conference)
broadcast
one computer to all computers in the network (ted sharing his notes with us)
unicast
one computer to another computer (sending someone an email)
How are TCP connections opened?
opened using a three-way handshake SYN: synchronization ACK: acknowledge
gateways/routers
packet moves from physical layer to data link layer through the network layer
host computers
packets move through all layers
what else is data link addressing called?
physical address or MAC address
Internet Group Management Protocol
protocol used for multicast messaging
exterior routing protocols
protocols used between autonomous systems
QoS acronym
quality of service
centralized routing
routing decisions made by one computer
RIP acronym
routing information protocol
interior routing protocols
routing protocols used inside an autonomous system
internet control message protocol
simplest interior routing protocol on the internet. Is simply an error-reporting protocol that enables computers to report routing errors to message senders. It also has a very limited ability to update routing tables
three way handshake
syn ack, syn syn
name server
the "directory assistance" computers for the internet. Stores thousands of internet addresses and their corresponding IP addresses
TCP acronym
transmission Control Protocol.
four way handshake
used to close a session is a full duplex connection FIN, ACK, FIN, ACK
