IT127 - QUIZ 1
translates internal document from external format to EDI internal format file.
Translation Service
same logical values stored in different ways.
Value Heterogeneity
organizations also divided roles in hierarchical layers from strategic planning to management control and operation control.
Vertical Silos
(Data Integration) keep the data only at the sources.
Virtual
each __ has different information needs and report requirements.
functional area
is an individual business function which is divided into sub-groups and has its own strategies and works parallel with other organizations.
Functional Silo
categorize an organization's tasks and activities into groups to improve efficiency and responsibility of work in the organization.
Functional silos
can involve people and resources from various functional departments working together, sharing information at any level of the organization.
cross-functional business process
breaks the functional silos by opening up the informational flows from one department to another.
cross-functional organizational structure
the problem of functional silos gave birth to ___.
business process re-engineering (BPR)
improved efficiency with a paperless flow and __ or business-to-business (B2B) commerce environment with partners.
electronic data interchange (EDI)
each __ in an organization also has multiple levels of management, each requiring different levels of analysis and details of information.
functional area
of an organization (e.g., sales, manufacturing, and HR) are important as they provide a structure by which an organization functions smoothly.
functions
the main problem is the __ among the data sources.
heterogeneity
in order for systems integration to be successful, organizations have to focus both on the __ or logical level and on the physical or systems level.
human
is crucial to EAI success.
Data Acquisition Component
destination can be either intra-company or to the external companies .
Application Services
it allows you to send documents from an EDI system.
Application Services
it provides the link between application and EDI.
Application Services
the set of callable routine is used to transfer document from the business application into EDI document
Application Services
i.e. supply planning, sales order processing.
Business Logic Modules
to allow the applications to understand your business processes.
Business Rule Component
involves changing the mindset of the employees in the organization, encouraging and enabling them to do their tasks in a new way.
Business process reengineering
some systems allow direct query language others offer APIs.
Communication Heterogeneity
some systems have web interface others do not
Communication Heterogeneity
the communication service sends and receives transmission files to and from the trading partners either directly or by using party service called a valued added network(VAN).
Communication service
adapters understand the data structures associated with applications and the means by which to access the data. (SAP/ABAP).
Data Acquisition Component
to allow access to the data Data Source and Target Interfaces also called "adapters" (i.e. Application adapters - Siebel, SAP, PeopleSoft; Database adapters - ODBC, Oracle; Mainframe adapters - CICS, IMS).
Data Acquisition Component
is also valid within a single organization.
Data Integration
is the process of integrating data from multiple sources and probably have a single view over all these sources.
Data Integration
(Mediation) each query (or set of queries) are sent to the sources.
Data Mapping
(Mediation) is mapped to multiple other queries.
Data Mapping
(Mediation) results are merged (combined) together and passed to the end-user.
Data Mapping
(Mediation) sources evaluate the queries and return the results.
Data Mapping
storing the same data (and values) but with different data types.
Data Type Heterogeneity
data from multiple sources are copied and stored in a warehouse.
Data Warehousing
users can then query the warehouse database only.
Data Warehousing
very common approach.
Data Warehousing
requires a lot of manual effort.
Data integration
exchange of structured business information in standard formats between computers.
EDI
in __, information transferred over a network will not have to be read, retyped or printed but must have predefine structure agreed between the two company's which send and receive data.
EDI
it has reduced data entry link, eliminates the need for a paper bases system and improved business cycle.
EDI
transfer structured business documents internally among groups of departments or externally with its suppliers, customers and subsidiaries.
EDI
a good __ improves operational efficiency with better business processes that focuses on organizational goals rather than on individual departmental goals.
ERP implementation
are a major kind of enterprise information system allowing organizations to integrate different systems into one organization-wide application with an integrated database management system.
ERP systems
are typically commercial software packages that facilitate collection and integration of information related to various areas of an organization.
ERP systems
come with built-in processes for a wide variety of common business functions.
ERP systems
enable the organization to standardize and improve its business processes to implement best practices for its industry.
ERP systems
implement best practices via specific built-in steps for processing a customer order in terms of: -order entry. -routing through departments. -communication of output to various parties.
ERP systems
require organizations to focus on business process rather than on functions.
ERP systems
thus make the process of systems integration easier, but they are expensive and often require organizations to start from scratch.
ERP systems
is the computer-to- computer exchange of business documents in a standard electronic format between business partners.
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
fundamentally, it links multiple applications together at the functional level.
Enterprise Application Integration (EAI)
it deals with things at the transactional or service-call level.
Enterprise Application Integration (EAI)
it is "aware" of how different pieces of information (such as the creation of a new customer) come together to create one atomic unit that cannot be subdivided without introducing data inconsistencies (i.e. "corruption") into the system.
Enterprise Application Integration (EAI)
the process of integrating multiple applications that were independently developed, may use incompatible technology, and remain independently managed.
Enterprise Application Integration (EAI)
are integrated, multi-module application software packages designed to serve and support several business functions across an organization.
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems
data coming from different sources may be different even if representing the same objects.
Entity Resolution
is the process of: -Figuring out which records represent the same thing -Linking relevant records together
Entity Resolution
every pair of sources can build their own mapping and transformation.
Federated Databases
simplest architecture.
Federated Databases
source X needs to communicate with source Y! build a mapping between X and Y.
Federated Databases
classification of organizations into departments like Accounting, Marketing and Human Resources, reflects the breaking of complex tasks into smaller manageable tasks that could be assigned to a group of people who could then be held responsible.
Horizontal Silos
is a database and transaction management system that was first introduced by IBM in 1968.
IMS (Information Management System)
is one of two major legacy database and transaction management subsystems from IBM that run on mainframe MVS (now z/OS) systems. The other is CICS.
IMS (Information Management System)
has evolved from centralized mainframe architecture to personal computers with distributed or client-server architecture.
IS architecture
over the years have been divided horizontally by functions and vertically by hierarchical levels.
Information Systems
Rapid advances in computer and networking technologies and changing organizational dynamics, drive the emergence of new __.
Information system models
is also required at the Data level, Client level, and at the Application level.
Integration
to control transactions, control security, and perform event notification. The product should also include the capability to "bridge" messages between different messaging systems.
Message Brokers
develop information systems that allow organizations to share data with all of its stakeholders based on need and authorization.
Logical
management needs to change organizational structures, processes, and employee roles and responsibilities.
Logical
must be ready to face the human and ethical challenges in a systems integration project.
Management
has a virtual schema that combines all schemas from the sources.
Mediation
is a virtual view over the data (it does not store any data).
Mediation
the mapping takes place at query time.
Mediation
categorization by Luther Gulick led to a set of formal organization functions such as control, management, supervision, and administration starting in late 1930s.
POSDCORB (Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, Coordinating, Reporting and Budgeting)
(Data Integration) coping the data to warehouse.
Physical
provide seamless connectivity between heterogeneous systems.
Physical
can improve productivity, but they often lead employees to achieve departmental goals rather than overall organizational goals.
Silos
for high-volume transaction throughput. It is almost impossible to know at implementation time what the data volumes will be in the future - therefore, EAI must be scalable.
Scalability
the structure of the tables storing the data can be different (even if storing the same data).
Schema Heterogeneity
same values in different sources can mean different things.
Semantic Heterogeneity
systems storing the data can be different.
Source Type Heterogeneity
(Data Warehousing) two approaches: complete rebuild and incremental update.
Synchronization
should have the following features: •Management tools (for application-specific monitoring) •Directory tools (for locating other applications on different platforms) •Commitment control management mechanisms (for control of business-level logical units of work) •Strong support for metadata management
System Control Component
design tools (for business process design, debugging, and testing).
System Development Component
to allow programmers to design and test custom requirements.
System Development Component
involves the whole organization, requiring top-management support and resources for a long-term period.
System integration
is a key issue for an organization for its growth.
Systems integration
means that you allow a heterogeneous IS to communicate or integrate and share information (or data) seamlessly with one another.
Systems integration
the two companies or groups which exchanged information through EDI are called the __.
Trading Partners
to define how to map data from one system to another.
Transformation tools
converts the out-going documents from an internal format file to an agreed external format.
Translation Service
systems today use a distributed architecture which allows the sharing of applications and data resources between the client and the server computers.
Web-based
(Mediation) one approach is to use templates with parameters.
Wrappers
(Mediation) usually __ are the components that perform the mapping of queries.
Wrappers
can be used for integrating disparate data from multiple sources so that business operations, analysis and reporting can be carried out while business operations are occurring.
operational data store (ODS)
is a type of database that's often used as an interim logical area for a data warehouse.
operational data store (ODS)
is inefficient, inaccurate, and expensive.
silo information system