ITC 102/102L - Chapter 1 Test Review

Parity

Detects data errors

By grounding the internal components via attachment to the case

How are the internal components of a computer protected against ESD?

Software

Includes operating systems and programs

DIMM; SIMM

One _________ can replace two __________.

Case

The ________ of a desktop computer houses the internal components such as: - the power supply - Motherboard - central processing unit (CPU) - memory, disk drives, and assorted adapter cards

Expansion slots

These provide locations to connect additional components.

Voltages in different countries

USA: 120 V India: 230 V China: 220 V Japan: 100 V UK: 230 V Russia: 220 V

Working on a grounded antistatic mat

Which action can reduce the risk of ESD damage when computer equipment is being worked on?

Mini-ATX

Which motherboard form factor has the smallest footprint for use in thin client devices?

Thunderbolt

Which port allows for the transmission of high definition video using the DisplayPort protocol?

It superimposes images and audio over the real world in real time.

Which statement describes Augmented Reality (AR) technology?

Biometric identification device

Which type of input device can identify users based on their voice?

EPS12V

A technician wants to replace a failing power supply on a high-end gaming computer. Which form factor should the technician be looking for?

KVM switch

A network administrator currently has three servers and needs to add a fourth, but does not have enough room for an additional monitor and keyboard. Which device allows the administrator to connect all the servers to a single monitor and keyboard?

ATX12V

Most common PSU form factor for modern desktops is _______.

Selecting a Motherboard

New ___________ often have new features or standards that may be incompatible with older components. - When you select a replacement, make sure that it supports the CPU, RAM, video adapter, and other adapter cards. - The socket and chipset must be compatible with the CPU. - Must also accommodate the existing heat sink and fan assembly when reusing the CPU. - The existing power supply must have connections that fit and must physically fit into the current computer case. - CPU PACKAGE MUST MATCH THE MOTHERBOARD SOCKET TYPE OR CPU SLOT TYPE!!!!

Parity

Parity memory contains eight bits for data and one bit for error checking. The error-checking bit is called a parity bit

Hardware

Physical equipment. It includes the case, keyboard, monitor, cables, storage drives, speakers, and printers.

PROM

Programmable read-only memory, Information is written after it is manufactured. Cannot be erased or re-written

ROM

Read-only memory chips, Information is written when it is manufactured. Cannot be erased or re-written

Chipset

Set of electronic components in an integrated circuit known as a "Data Flow Management System" that manages the data flow between the processor, memory and peripherals.

Mirroring

Stores duplicate data on a second drive.

Control Unit

Tells the computer's memory, arithmetic/logic unit and input and output devices how to respond to the instructions that have been sent to the processor.

Disk drives and fans

The 12 volt supply is used to run motors in ________ and ______.

Digital

The 3.3 volt and 5 volt supplies are typically used by ______ circuits

SIMM

_________ stands for "single in-line memory module."

Dual voltage

A power supply with the switch is called a _____ ______ power supply.

Southbridge

Allows the CPU to communicate with slower speed devices including hard drives, Universal Serial Bus (USB) ports, and expansion slots

Computer

An electronic machine that performs calculations based on a set of instructions

Thermal compound

Between the heat sink and the CPU is a special ____________. - The __________ increases the efficiency of heat transfer from the CPU to the heat sink by filling any tiny gaps between the two.

Electronic capacitors

CAUTION: Do not open a power supply. _________ __________ located inside of a power supply can hold a charge for extended periods of time.

Plastic, steel, or aluminum

Cases are typically made of _______, _____, or ________ and provide the framework to support, protect, and cool the internal components.

System Unit

Collection of hardware that are combined into a single housing - Tower/Case - Mother Board - Memory - Processor - Power Supply - Cooling - Expansion

Active; passive

Computers are kept cool using active and passive cooling solutions. _______ solutions require power while ________ solutions do not. An active cooling solution uses fans inside of a computer case to blow out hot air.

250W to 800W

Computers normally use power supplies ranging from ________ to _______ output capacity

Northbridge

Controls high speed access to the RAM and video card. It also controls the speed at which the CPU communicates with all of the other components in the computer.

NICs

Customers often upgrade a network interface card (NIC) to get faster speeds and more bandwidth.

Memory Modules

DIP SIMM DIMM Memory SODIMM DIMMS and SODIMM are both memory modules used in computers. DIMMS are used in desktop computers and servers

RAM Types

DRAM SRAM SDRAM DDR DDR2 DDR3 DDR4

Nonparity

Does not check for errors in memory

EPROM

Erasable programmable read-only memory, Information is written after it is manufactured. It can be erased with exposure to UV light. Special equipment is required.

ECC

Error Correction Code memory can detect multiple bit errors in memory and correct single bit errors in memory

Selecting adapter cards

Graphics card Sound card Storage controllers I/O cards NICs Capture cards

Pin Grid Array (PGA); zero insertion force (ZIF)

In __________ architecture, the pins are on the underside of the processor which is inserted into the motherboard CPU socket using __________.

Land Grid Array (LGA)

In an ________ architecture, the pins are in the socket instead of on the processor.

EEPROM

Information is written after it is manufactured. These are Flash ROMs. It can re-written without having to remove the chip from the computer.

1. Cases and power supplies 2. Internal PC components 3. External ports and cables 4. Input and output devices

List the four components of the Personal Computer System. 1. _________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________

Operating System

Manages computer operations such as identifying, accessing, and processing information

Video adapter cards

Many ____________ have their own processor called a graphics-processing unit (GPU) which generates excessive heat. - Some ____________ come equipped with one or more fans. - Computers with extremely fast CPUs and GPUs might use a water-cooling system.

Motherboard

The ___________ , also known as the system board or the main board, is the backbone of the computer.

Heat

The flow of current between electronic components generates _______. If too much builds up, the computer could crash, or components can be damaged.

Capture Cards

- A capture card imports video into a computer and records it on a hard drive. - The addition of a capture card with a television tuner allows you to view and record television programming. - The computer system must have enough CPU power, adequate RAM, and a high-speed storage system to support the capture, recording, and editing demands of the customer

Selecting a media reader

- A media reader is a device that reads and writes to different types of media cards, for example, those found in a digital camera, smart phone, or MP3 player. - When replacing a media reader, ensure that it supports the type and storage capacity of cards that will be used.

Storage Controllers

- A storage controller is a chip that can be integrated into the motherboard or on an expansion card. - Storage controllers allow for the expansion of internal and external drives for a computer system. - Storage controllers, such as RAID controllers, can also provide fault tolerance or increased speed. - The amount of data and the level of data protection needed for the customer influences the type of storage controller required. - Choose the correct storage controller based on your customer's current and future needs. - For example, if a customer wants to implement RAID 5, a RAID storage controller with at least three drives is needed.

Graphics Cards

- Adapter cards, also called EXPANSION CARDS, are designed for a specific task and add extra functionality to a computer. - The type of graphics card installed affects the overall performance of a computer. - For example, a graphics card that needs to support intensive graphics could be RAM intensive, CPU intensive, or both. - The computer must have the slots, RAM, and CPU to support the full functionality of an upgraded graphics card. - Choose the graphics card based on current and future needs. For example, to play 3D games, the graphics card must meet or exceed the minimum requirements.

Read-Only-Memory (ROM)

- An essential computer chip is the ___________ chip. - ______ chips are located on the motherboard and other circuit boards and contain instructions that can be directly accessed by a CPU. - The instructions stored in _______ include basic operation instructions such as booting the computer and loading the operating system. - _______ chips retain their contents even when the computer is powered down. The contents cannot be erased or changed easily.

Selecting an optical drive

- An optical drive uses a laser to read data from and write data to optical media. - DVDs hold significantly more data than CDs and Blu-ray discs store significantly more data than DVDs. - DVDs and BDs can also have dual layers for recording data, essentially doubling the amount of data that can be recorded on the media.

Henry Edward Roberts

- Coined the term "personal computer" - Considered to be the father of the modern personal computers after he released of the Altair 8800 on December 19, 1974.

Power Supplies

- Electricity from wall outlets is provided in alternating current (AC). - All components inside a computer require direct current (DC) power. - To obtain DC power, computers use a power supply, to convert AC power into a lower voltage DC power.

Selecting a computer case

- For example, an ATX motherboard requires both an ATX-compatible case and power supply. - Cases often come with a power supply preinstalled. In this situation, you still need to verify that the power supply provides enough power to operate all the components that will be installed in the case. - You can select a larger computer case to accommodate additional components that may be required in the future. Or you might select a smaller case that requires minimal space. - In general, the computer case should be durable, easy to service, and have enough room for expansion. - A computer has many internal components that generate heat while the computer is running. Case fans should be installed to move cooler air into the computer case while moving heat out of the case.

PSU

- Form factor - Mount position

IBM Watson

- IBM supercomputer that combines artificial intelligence (AI) and sophisticated analytical software for optimal performance as a "question answering" machine - David Ferrucci - 2880 processor cores - 15 TB of RAM - 500 GB of prepossessed information - Brad Rutter and Ken Jennings winning the first place prize of $1 million on Jeopardy in 2011 - Can do: Diagnosing cancer, Fighting cybercrime, Empowering driverless cars

I/O Card

- Installing an I/O card in a computer is a fast and easy way to add I/O ports. - USB are some of the most common ports to install on a computer. - Choose the correct I/O card based on your customer's current and future needs. - For example, if a customer wants to add an internal card reader, and the motherboard has no internal USB connection, a USB I/O card with an internal USB connection is needed.

Charles Babbage

- Invention and concept of the Analytical Engine in 1837 - Because of funding issues, this computer was never built while he was alive - In 1910, his youngest son was able to complete a portion of the machine that could perform basic calculations - His radical ideas and concepts of the computer are what make him the "Father of Computing"

DIMM

- Most common pin configuration has 168 pins - Supports 64-bit data transfer

Selecting power supply

- Power supplies convert AC input to DC output voltages - Power supplies typically provide voltages of 3.3V, 5V, and 12V, and are measured in wattage. - The power supply must provide enough power for the installed components and allow for other components that may be added at a later time. - If you choose a power supply that powers only the current components, you might need to replace the power supply when other components are upgraded. - For example, if the maximum power or combined TDP (total design power) of your system's present components is 300 watts, a 600-watt PSU would be a good fit. In a high-end system loaded with components that may peak collectively at 700 watts, a 1200-watt PSU would work well.

Front Panel Headers

- Reset button - Warm boot or soft boot - Power button - Cold boot or Hard boot

Selecting I/O devices

- Select the hardware and software based on customer requirements. After you determine which input or output device the customer needs, you must determine how to connect it to the computer. - Technicians should have a good understanding of interfaces and ports on the backpanes

Computer Case/Tower/Chassis

- Size and Form Factor - PSU (Power Supply Unit) - Fan Vents - Storage Bays (Internal/External) - Front Panel Headers

Redundant array of independent disks (RAID)

- Storage devices can also be grouped and managed to create large storage spaces with redundancy.To do so, computers can implement a ________________- technology. - Provides a way to store data across multiple hard disks for redundancy and/or performance improvement.

Front side bus (FSB)

- The amount of data that a CPU can process at one time depends on the size of the ___________. This is also called the CPU bus or the processor data bus. - Higher performance can be achieved when the WIDTH increases. - The width of the FSB is measured in BITS.

Sound Cards

- The type of sound card installed determines the sound quality of your computer. - A computer system must have quality speakers and a subwoofer to support the full functionality of an upgraded sound card. - Choose the correct sound card based on your customer's current and future needs. - For example, if a customer wants to hear a specific type of surround sound, the sound card must have the correct hardware decoder to reproduce it.

Power Supply Connectors

- Used to power various internal components such as the motherboard and disk drives - "Keyed" which means that they are designed to be inserted in only one orientation - Different ones provide different voltages

Selecting RAM

- When selecting new RAM, you must ensure that it is compatible with the current motherboard. Also, the speed of the new RAM must be supported by the chipset. - It may be helpful to take the original memory module with you when you shop for the replacement RAM.

Selecting Hard Drives

- You may need to replace an internal storage device when it no longer meets your customer's needs, or it fails. - Signs that an internal storage device is failing might be unusual noises, unusual vibrations, error messages, or even corrupt data or applications that do not load - Internal drives usually connect to the motherboard with SATA while external drives connect with USB, eSATA, or Thunderbolt

RAM

- ________ is the temporary working storage for data and programs that are being accessed by the CPU. - Unlike ROM, _______ is volatile memory, which means that the contents are erased every time the computer is powered off. - Adding more _______ in a computer enhances the system performance. - More _______ increases the memory capacity of the computer to hold and process programs and files. - With less _______ , a computer must swap data between RAM and the much slower hard drive. - The maximum amount of ________ that can be installed is limited by the motherboard.

Byte

A ______ is a block of eight bits stored as either 0 or 1 in the memory chip.

Bit

A _______ is the smallest unit of data in a computer. Current processors use a 32-bit or 64-bit FSB.

Device Form Factor

A _____________ refers to its physical design and look. For ex: - Horizontal case - Full-Size Tower - Compact Tower - All-in-one

Ohm's Law

A basic equation, known as __________, expresses how voltage is equal to the current multiplied by the resistance: V = IR. In an ELECTRICAL system, power is equal to the voltage multiplied by the current: P = VI

von Neumann architecture

A computer architecture based on a 1945 description by the mathematician and physicist John von Neumann

3.3 volts, 5 volts, and 12 volts

The most common voltages supplied are _________, ________, and _________.

CPU Throttling

The opposite of overclocking is ________ . CPU _________ is a technique used when the processor runs at less than the rated speed to conserve power or produce less heat. - Commonly used on laptops and other mobile devices

Speed and the amount of data that it can process

The power of a CPU is measured by the _______________.

Megahertz (MHz); Gigahertz (GHz)

The speed of a CPU is rated in cycles per second, such as millions of cycles per second, called ____________ , or billions of cycles per second, called _____________ .

Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC)

This architecture uses a broad set of instructions, resulting in fewer steps per operation.

Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC)

This architecture uses a relatively small set of instructions. _______ chips are designed to execute these instructions very rapidly.

Random Access Memory (RAM)

This is a temporary location to store data and applications

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

This is considered the brain of the computer.

110V / 115V or 220V / 230V.

This switch sets the input voltage to the power supply to either __________ or _________

Heat sink

To draw heat away from the CPU core, a _________ is installed on top of it. - The _______ has a large surface area with metal fins to dissipate heat into the surrounding air. This is known as passive cooling.

Summit Sunway TaihuLight Sierra Tianhe-2 (MilkyWay-2) Al Bridging Cloud Infrastructure (ABCl) Piz Daint Titan Sequoia Trinity Cori

Top 10 fastest super computers as of June 2019

Memory errors

When the data is not stored correctly in the chips

SSHD

Which disk drive type contains a magnetic HDD with onboard flash memory serving as a non-volatile cache?

PCIe

Which expansion slot is used by an NVMe compliant device?

Printer Headphones Monitor

Which three devices are considered output devices? (Choose three.)

64-bit gigabit Ethernet adapter Hard drive

Which two PC components communicate with the CPU through the Southbridge chipset? (Choose two.)

Cache

While the CPU is executing one step of the program, the remaining instructions and the data are stored nearby in a special, high-speed memory, called _______.

Striping

Writes data across multiple drives.

Zero insertion force (ZIF)

________ refers to the amount of force needed to install a CPU into the motherboard socket or slot.

NanoITX, Pico ITX and IoT

________, _______ and ______ commonly have ports for AC12V or Micro-USB power adapters.

DIMM

_________ is an acronym for "dual in-line memory module"

SIMM

_________ module have 72 pins

Basic input/output system (BIOS) and Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI)

__________ chip and ________ chip: BIOS is used to help boot the computer and manage the flow of data between the hard drive, video card, keyboard, mouse, and more. Recently the BIOS has been enhanced by UEFI

Overclocking

__________ is a technique used to make a processor work at a FASTER SPEED than its original specification. - Not a recommended way to improve computer performance and can result in damage to the CPU.

Firmware

__________ is the software that is stored in a ROM chip.