Itec hardware
Motherboard
A circuit board that contains all of the computer system's main components.
Server
A computer system in a network that is shared by multiple users also referred as host computers. Three types of servers are network, web, and file
machine cycle
A machine cycle, also called a processor cycle or a instruction cycle, is the basic operation performed by a central processing unit (CPU). A CPU is the main logic unit of a computer.
embedded computer
A specially designed computer chip that resides inside another device, such as a car. These self-contained computer devices have their own programming and typically neither receive input from users nor interact with other systems. Typically have a small operating system referred to as real time operating system (RTOS) with limited capability
native resolution
Actual number of pixels on a display. HD equals 1920 horizontal pixels by 1000 vertical pixels equals 2,073,600 total pixels. Pixel perfect = pixels from an incoming signal matches the native resolution of a display
Storage devices
Allows data to be backed up. Provide additional data retention. Example external hard drive, universal serial bus drives and solid-state drives
Wireless ports
Allows transmission of data between fixed and mobile devices using short range radio or light waves
HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface)
Allows transmission of high definition audio and video signals
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Also known as the microprocessor; the brains of the computer.
Hard drive capacity
Amount of Avalible storage. Usually measured in gigabytes or even terabytes. Most laptops have least one terabyte of hard drive/solid state storage
Solid state drive capacity
Amount of available storage. Usually measured and gigabytes. because of relatively high cost SSD capacity is a major factor in price of tablet or smart phones
Bus width
Amount of data a bus can carry. Wider the bus the faster the data transfer. The address bus and the data bus. Bus width measured in bits
VGA (Video Graphics Array)
Analog connector used for monitors and television during the 1990s. Largely replace by HDMI cables.
smartphone
Any electronic handheld device that functions as a mobile phone as well as a personal digital assistant (PDA) or other information appliance.
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Appears main memory. Located a motherboard connected to the central processing unit. Cleared one device is powered off (volatile). DRAM Dynamic random access memory (1968) allows processor story at higher speeds. SRAM static random access memory is faster than they DRAM, used in cache memory
CPU main 2 components
Arithmetic logic unit or ALU performs mathematical tasks. Control unit locates, analyzes, and execute instructions
Bit
Basic unit of computer storage. Can only have one or two values. Represented in computers as a zero or a one
Computer layout
CPU and GPU to computers with in a computer. Data travels on buses. Memory and cache hold data Used by the processors
multicore processor
Central processing unit with two or more arithmetic logic units plus 2 or more control units
Overclocking
Change processor settings to computer runs faster than recommended by the manufacture. Can overheat the computer. Voids warranty
2-in-1 computer
Combines mobility of a tablet with the power of a laptop
Network servers
Control access to resources such as printers and applications on the network
Web Server
Controls access to resources on the web
Graphics
Depiction of image data on a display or output device. Usually created by separate processor within a computer known as a GPU
Lightning connectors
Designed by Apple for iPod iPad iPhone and Apple Watch docks. High speed data and power transfer. Eight pin adapter. Symmetrical
Computer bus
Electronic pathways connecting computer parts. That information travel over buses. The most important bus is the bus connecting CPU to RAM
Gigahertz
Equals 1 billion cycles of instructions per second. GHz
Megahertz
Equals 1 million cycles instructions per second. MHz
Using to clean up on windows 10
First click Cortana icon, text us clean up, and just clean up select files you want to remove, click OK. Alternately from the start menu choose all programs then accessories then system tools then disk clean up.If prompted choose the mass storage device do you want to clean, and I just cleaned up dialog box left your items, select OK then delete Files
ID capacity of hard drive using windows 10
First open start menu, then open settings menu, select system, select storage. Alternately can also type "this PC"into the search box
Video Card
Graphics card or adapter. Performance graphic processing, creates video output
memory cache
High speed memory used by CPU to store frequently access data and instructions. Referred to by levels (L1 - smaller plus integrated into CPU, L3 - larger and next to CPU)
cache
High speed storage area usually located directly on central processing unit. Smaller but faster than RAM. Used to quickly access repeated instructions
Processor Speed
How fast the computer processes instructions examples are clock speed, bus with, word size
Computer ports
Input and output device is plugged into the ports located on the digital device. A point designed to accept specific connectors. The connector plugs into a port. Example a thumb drive connector plugs into a USB port
processors/manufacturers
Intel - founded in 1968 the worlds largest manufacturer of processors AMD - founded in 1969, featured in major next GEN gaming ex. Xbox one NVIDIA- founded in 1993 and NVIDIA TEGRA K1 is the most advanced mobile processor, combo of 182 super computers
Computer storage
Keeps files, info, and data for future use. Type of tech that consists of computer components in storage media (Flatters, flash, optical media)
Storage capacity
Kilobyte = 1000 bites = one page of text. Megabyte = 1 million bytes = 875 pages of text. One gigabyte = 1 billion bytes = 341 digital images. Terabytes = 1 trillion bytes = 349,000 digital images. Petabytes = 1000 TB = 358 million digital images. exabyte= 1,000,000 TB
Laptop brands and percentages
Lenovo 24.1% HP 22.2% Dell 16.8% apple 7%
Boot Process
Loading of an OS into main memory of a device
Hard drive data storage
Magnetic coating on a metal platter retains data. Magnetically tipped actuator arm called a read/write head senses the magnetic changes on the disk. Because The desk spends mechanically The hard disk drives have longer access times than solid state hard drive
How are CPU speeds measured
Measured in gigahertz
Mainframe computers
More powerful than servers and are used by organizations to process large amounts of data
Unicode
Most common computer code uses at least 16 bytes(two bites)per character
Ethernet
Most commonly used port for wired connections. Use for local area networks or for connecting modems and routers to the Internet. Ethernet cables comes in categories. Cat five - up to 100 MB/sec, Cat 5E - up to 1 GB/seconds, Cat six - 210 GB/sec
Hertz
Named after a German physicist Heinrich Hertz, Used to measure frequency. One Hz= one cycle per second
resolution
Number of horizontal and vertical pixels on the screen. The clarity of an image. Is measured in lines of pixels
Clock speed/clock rate
Number of instructions to computer can process in a second. Measured in hertz. Modern processors-Billions of instructions each second. Personal computers clock speed is between 1-4 GHz
IrDA (Infrared Data Association)
Often used with wireless mouse,keyboard,remote, etc. Wireless connection using infrared radio waves. Requires line of sight transmissions are commonly used for TV controllers
ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)
Once most common computer code. Code turns bits into bytes. One byte = one character(letter, number). Limited to 256 characters
Memory
Ram is the main form of computer memory. Is composed of solid-state electronics. Microchip located on motherboard. Does not store data when computer is shut down ( volatile)
Bluetooth
Short distance wireless communication technology use a short wavelength radio waves. Remain strong up to 35 feet away
3.5 mm audio connectors
Small analog audio connector with 2 to 5 contacts used with transistor radio in 1950#, Sony Walkman's in the 1980s, and most cellphones except apple iPhones and google pixels
Universal Serial Bus (USB)
Specialized connector allowing data and power transfer. USB drives are Relatively inexpensive, durable, solid-state electronic storage devices. USB drive = thumb drive = flash drive = jump drive
Machine cycles four steps
Step 1. fetch instructions Step 2. Decode instructions Step 3.Execute instructions Step 4. Store instructions
read-only memory (ROM)
Storage for data and instructions installed by the manufacture. It's not generally rewritable. Common info stored in ROM includes device booting (starting) instructions (non volatile)
Word size
The amount of data a computer can process in a single machine cycle. One word equals 32 to 64 bits
CPU (Central Processing Unit)
The brain of a computer where most calculations take place, most important hardware component. Located on the main circuit board/motherboard
Super computers
The most powerful type of computers, can evaluate complex data very quickly
Byte
Unit of digital info commonly consisting of eight bits. Stream of bits constitutes a sound for a program that creates music wire machine code for computer program. Smallest addressable unit of memory and mini computer architectures
File server
Used for data storage
Single core processor
Usually one arithmetic logic unit plus one control unit
Screen size
Viewable area of a display device measured diagonally from one corner to the other
Wi-Fi
Wireless local area network is a player on the old audio term high-fi. Wi-Fi transmission is a hotspot. Wi-Fi uses 802.11 protocol Dash 2.4 GHz and 5.0 GHz radio waves
all-in-one computer
a compact desktop computer with the system unit integrated into the monitor
desktop
a personal computer designed to be in a stationary location, where all of its components fit on or under a desk or table. Has a large footprint
tablet
a thin, lighter-weight mobile computer that has a touch screen, typically over 7"
4 basic computer functions
input, process, output, storage
laptop
portable computer
personal media player (PMP)
sometimes called a personal media player, is a mobile device on which you can store, organize, and play or view digital media
Hardware
the physical parts of a computer
software
the programs and other operating information used by a computer.
Pixel
the smallest element of an image that can be individually processed in a video display system. Usually composed of red blue and green dots. The more pixels the better image quality