ITM 209 Quiz Terms
What type of analytics are used when creating a bar chart showing the top se3lling real estate agents in the state and the amount of sales they had in the past month? Descriptive Analytics Predictive Analytics Diagnostic Analytics Prescriptive Analytics
Descriptive analytics
Jackson has a set of data that lists profits for a particular product line based upon each of the states in which the products are sold. The range of values (by state) vary from $-128,319.34 to $267,987 for the month of April. Which of the following color schemes would be the best option for him to use the profits for each state? Categorical Sequential Highlight Diverging
Diverging
if the following join statement is used to join two tables in a query, which of the following tables would all the tuples in the relation appear in results? left outer join schema.customers on invoice.customerID = customer.customerID
Invoices
continuous data
Numerical data values that can be MEASURED
How would you sort MySQL query results by a field called "lastName" from a table called "cashiers" from named "store"?
ORDER BY cashiers.lastName
1:1
One to one Example People ----> physical attributes (Height, weight, eye color)
inner join
The INNER JOIN keyword selects records that have matching values in both tables.
You are creating a line graph showing the number of students that have graduated from MSU over time. You want the line to show a running today of number of students. Which Tableau feature would make this task easy?
Quick table Calculation
DATEDIFF
Returns the number of days between two dates
GROUP BY
The level of aggregation at which calculations or aggregated functions are applied. This must have at least one field and can specify additional fields. Data will be grouped by based upon the order of the fields listed. The GROUP BY statement is often used with aggregate functions (COUNT(), MAX(), MIN(), SUM(), AVG()) to group the result-set by one or more columns.
What chart type would be the best to show the hierarchical nature of data
Tree map
Count
aggregation function shows the number of records that meet a set of criteria
What SQL command allows you to rename your column heading?
as
Symmetric Key Encryption
involves one key for both encryption and decryption.
TPS
transaction processing system
Data Aggregation
Collecting information from many sources and storing them together into a single location is referred to as
HAVING
Criteria for filtering on aggregated or calculated fields. Can list as many fields and operators as needed. Order of logical operators (i.e. and / or) can be specified by using parenthesis to group together.
Describe what trendlines are
A feature that shows a line that represents the relationships between a set of data points that have been plotted
Primary key (SQL)
A field (or group of fields) that uniquely identifies a given entity in a table
Hermann Effect
A grid illusion is any kind of grid that deceives a person's vision
How many rows will you return in the following statement of code: select count(consulatants.ID) from teleworks.consultatns;
1
What is the order of commands in a SQL query? table.column condition(x>10) schema.table Select from where
1. Select 2. table.column 3. from 4. scheme.table 5. where 6. condition(x>10)
Flat database
A simple database file that is not related or linked to any other collection of data.
data element
The smallest or basic unit of information
Diagnostic Analytics
Why did it happen?
In what relationship does the primary key in one table become a foreign key in a existing table
1:n
data lake (enterprise data hub)
A "store everything" approach to big data that saves all the data in its raw and unaltered form.
Foreign Key SQL
A primary key of one table that appears an attribute in another table and acts to provide a logical relationship among the two tables
Which of the following uses of color in visualization has contrasting colors for individual comparison? Highlight Diverging Sequential Categorical
Categorical
A diverging color scheme would be one the shades of a single color diverge T/F
False
In a SQL query if you were averaging grade points from a table of students grades for each of the classes they took (field studentClass.grade) and want to tlist those equal to or above a 3.0 you would utilizee the follwoing line in your query: where avg(studentClass.grade) >= 3.0 T/F?
False
You should never share a public key with anyone T/F
False
A colon punctuation mark (:) used to signify the end of query? T/F
False it's a semicolon(;)
Which of the following is decreased when using a relational database? Informational Redundancy Flexibility Scalability Security
Information Redundancy
Which of the following charts are good for showing data changes over time?
Line chart
Tree maps and heat maps use which of the following to show proportional size of values Size and color size and font orientation and size color and orientation
Size and color
Velocity of data
Speed of data analysis
Three primary transactional processing enterprise systems
Supply chain management Customer Relationship management Enterprise resource planning
The select clause of the statement is used to list the attributes desired in the result of a query T/F
T
When your write a string in a piece of SQL code to label your column heading you will always need to use apostrophe(``) or quotation ("") around it t/f
TRUE
Which of the following describes a scenario in which a concatenated key would be utilized? one to one relationship one to many relationship Tables where there are no foreign keys to identify unique records Tables where only a combination of two attributes combined can make a unique identifier for rows (tuples) in a table
Tables where only a combination of two attributes combined can make a unique identifier for rows (tuples) in a table
avg
The AVG() function returns the average value of a numeric column.
countof
The COUNT() function returns the number of rows that matches a specified criterion.
outer join
The FULL OUTER JOIN keyword returns all records when there is a match in left (table1) or right (table2) table records. Tip: FULL OUTER JOIN and FULL JOIN are the same.
WHERE
The WHERE clause is used to filter records. It is used to extract only those records that fulfill a specified condition. Where customer.customersName is null
In determining the average sales per unit sold, why is the aggregate function sum(sales)/sum(quantity) instead of sales/quantity
The correct version: takes the total sales and total quantity and determines the average across all unit sold, The wrong version: considers each line item of equal weight regardless of whether or not it has more or less quantity than other line items
Which of the following would you use to show information when you hover your mouse over a data point in a Tableau visualization? Size Color Label Tooltip
Tooltip
For the following piece of code we would use the having function: count(payment.payments) > 10 T/F
True
One example of discrete data is the number of computer in a computer lab T/F
True
one example of continuous data is height T/F
True
In a dashboard you would usually place the visualization that requires the most emphasis in which quadrant
Upper Right
If an individual would like to place a non-aggregate condition (such as country = 'US') in code that only results rows that fit certain criteria which of the following area would this code be place?
WHERE
relational database
a collection of data items with pre-defined relationships between them. These items are organized as a set of tables with columns and rows. ... Each row in a table could be marked with a unique identifier called a primary key, and rows among multiple tables can be made related using foreign keys.
You created a scatterplot in Tableau that contains plotted data points showing the number of class periods attended for a course vs. the grade assigned for students. You are trying to see if there is a positive relationship between the two. Which feature / function will best aid you in this?
adding trendlines to the scatter plot
Which fo the following features in Tableau is NOT found in the mark shelf? color label columns detail tooltip
columns
Gestalt Principles
consist of several principles that describe how the human brain sees visual information, namely - proximity, similarity, continuity, closure, connection, and enclosure
Metadata
data that describes other data
data dictionary
document that contains all of the metadata about the data elements in a database
Predictive Analytics
extracts information from data and uses it to predict future trends and identify behavioral patterns
predicitive analytics
extracts information from data and uses it to predict future trends and identify behavioral patterns
discrete data can take on any value within a range t/f
false
The three factors of the variety of data are:
form, function, source
Anscombe's Quartet
four datasets that have the same simple descriptive statistics (mean, median, ... ), yet appear very different when graphed.
Jacyln is writing a query that sums the profit by business line for her organization. For the sum to performed against each business line, she would use which of the following to specify the level of aggregation that sum should be executed against?
group by table.businessLine
discrete data
is information that can only take certain values. ... This type of data is often represented using tally charts, bar charts or pie charts. Continuous data is data that can take any value. Height, weight, temperature and length are all examples of continuous data.
Data Model
logical data structures that detail the relationships among data elements using graphics or pictures
Database
maintains information about various types of objects (inventory), events (transactions), people (employee) and places (warehouses)
Variety of data
numerical, text, audio, video
data redundancy
occurs when unnecessary duplicate information exists in a database
1:n
one to many The primary key of the "one" table is posted as the foreign key in the "Many" table customers ------> addresses
The operator LIKE in a SQL statement is used for:
pattern matching in a where clause
The three basic clauses of a SQL statement to select data are
select, from, where
Tree maps and heat maps use which of the following to show proportional size of values? size and color size and font orientation and size color and orientation
size and color
Veracity of data
the degree to which data is accurate, precise and trusted
Descriptive Analytics
the use of data to understand past and current business performance and make informed decisions
Hashing
transforming plaintext of any length into a short code called a hash
Moire effect
visual perception that occurs when viewing a set of lines or dots that is superimposed on another set of lines or dots, where the sets differ in relative size, angle, or spacing.
Out of the situations below which would be best performed using bar chart in tableau When showing proportions when investigating the relationship between different variables when viewing trends in data over time when comparing data across categories
when comparing data across categories
When is having used instead of where?
when groups are present through the use of an aggregate function (such as avg, count, etc.) and conditions need to be applied to the groups
F pattern
Users' eyes start scanning the page on the left-hand edge of design for a keyword or point of interest. - when something interesting is found, they read the line horizontally - loses effectiveness after first few rows
The columns in a table represent which of the following about an entity described in the table?
attributes
Which of the following is a challenge with symmetric encryption Management and distribution of keys creation of keys keeping your private key protected limits on data sizes that can be encrypted
management distribution of keys
SQL wildcards % [] _ ^
% represents zero or more characters bl% finds bl, black, blue, and blob [] allows you to look for a single character _ represents a single character h_t hit, hat, hot - range of characters (c[a-b]t finds cat and not cbt)
Zara is ready to by a house, so she decides to hire a real estate agent from East Lansing Realty. Each real estate agent works with several customers and the agent receives a commission on the sale of each house. However, East Lansing Realty has a policy that each customer can be assigned to no more than one real estate agent. This is an example of what type of relationship between customer and agent?
1:n
dual-axis chart
A chart that uses the left side (or top) of the chart as one value axis (y-axis) and the right side (or bottom) of the chart as a second value axis (y-axis)
bubble chart
A type of scatter plot with circular symbols used to compare three variables; the area of the circle indicates the value of a third variable
When loading data in Tableau which of the following types of data usually appears under measures?
Continuous
What is the where clause in a SQL statement used for
Criteria for filtering on fields (non-aggregated / non-calculated). Can list as many fields and operators as needed. Order of logical operators (i.e. and / or) can be specified by using parenthesis to group together.
Which of the following keywords when used in a SQL select statement will remove duplicate records from the results?
Distinct
asymmetric key encryption
Encryption system in which two keys are used: a public key used only to encrypt data, and a private key used only to decrypt it.
When building a dashboard which of the following would you consider when laying out your visualizations
F Pattern
If you are sending a message to a friend and you want to ensure confidentiality you would encrypt with your public key and they would use your private key to decrypt the message T/F
False
distinct
Inside a table, a column often contains many duplicate values; and sometimes you only want to list the different (distinct) values.
n:m
Many to many requires a third table which has two foreign keys that combined are a unique combination Students ---> class
left join
The LEFT JOIN keyword returns all records from the left table (table1), and the matching records from the right table (table2). The result is 0 records from the right side, if there is no match.
ORDER BY
The ORDER BY keyword is used to sort the result-set in ascending or descending order. The ORDER BY keyword sorts the records in ascending order by default. To sort the records in descending order, use the DESC keyword.
right join
The RIGHT JOIN keyword returns all records from the right table (table2), and the matching records from the left table (table1). The result is 0 records from the left side, if there is no match.
Penelope works for a prominent biomedical facility. Her boss, candy has asked her to create a dashboard showing the following 1. Total sales by product category for the products they produce 2. The total quantity of each product sold 3. Number of recalls due to quality issues by product 4. A map showing the countries and states/provinces in the world using color to highlight the area with the least and most sales 5. Top 12 customers of the company If applying the F pattern for design, which of the followoing would Penelope put in the lower right hand corner of the dashboard?
Top 12 customers of the company
bar chart
a chart with bars whose lengths are proportional to quantities
concatenated key (SQL)
a combination of two or more column values used to define a key in a table. two identifiers?
Tree Map
a diagram representing hierarchical data in the form of nested rectangles, the area of each corresponding to its numerical value. think of the sp 500 tree map
Scatterplot
a graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables
data warehouse
a place where databases are stored so that they are available when needed
Ceaser Cipher
a technique for encryption that shifts the alphabet by some number of characters
You created a scatterplot in Tableau that contains plotted data points showing the number of class periods attended for a course vs the grade assigned for students. you are trying to see if there is a positives relationship between the two which feature/function will best aid you in this?
adding trend lines to the scatterplot
In a family, there are 4 individuals and each individual is able to drive any of the famaily's three cars. what type of relationship is present between people and cars?
n:m
Prescriptive Analytics
techniques that create models indicating the best decision to make or course of action to take
