ITM 318 finial exam

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James is developing a DFD. What would be a good name for him to use on a data flow from the Calculate Federal Withholding process to a data store called YTD Payroll Data?

Federal Withholding Taxes

The two basic formats for data storage:

Files and databases

According to the textbook, which of the following is not a cause of project failure?

Flaws in aesthetics

When you join two relational database tables together, frequently the primary key in one table will be a(n) ____________ in the other table.

Foreign key

New databases collectively referred to as NoSQL databases have appeared in recent years. Which of the following is NOT categorized as a NoSQL database?

Relational Database system

Which of the following is probably NOT a part of most use cases? a) Primary Actor b) Secondary Actor c) Major inputs descriptions d) Major steps performed e) Identification of the trigger

Secondary Actor

Which of the following statement about architectural design is true? -Server-based architecture is more secure than client-based architecture. -The presentation logic, the application logic, and the data processing logic can be independent in server-based architecture.

Server-based architecture is more secure than client-based architecture.

Which of the following is NOT one of the elements for Technical feasibility study?

Strategic alignment

Which is the outcome of the planning phase?

System Request document

Which of the following project roles would identify how IT/IS can support and improve business processes?

System analyst

The two fundamental documentation types are:

System documentation and user documentation

Use cases are used to more fully delineate _____. a) Resources used in the system b) System boundaries c) System proposals d) System requirements e) Data flows

System requirements

Which is generally NOT true of non-functional requirements?

Systems may need to calculate actual expenses from global operations

The V-model pays more explicit attention to ___________

Testing (quality control)

When designing navigational controls, which is NOT commonly assumed?

That users have knowledge of the system and the interface

Which is NOT a change management plan step?

installing "user friendly" hardware

Which is NOT a purpose of the requirements definition?

Create cost/benefit analysis

Which of the following is NOT a project characteristic that will affect the methodology selection decision?

Creating a cost/benefit spreadsheet

A sample access control requirement would be:

Customer service reps can modify customer files but not delete them

On an ERD _________________:

Data elements are listed together and place inside boxes called entities.

The relationship between use cases and data flow diagrams is:

Data flow diagrams start with information in the use cases and the requirements. The set of DFDs that make up the process model simply integrates the individual use cases.

Which of the following is not one of the four basic functions of software systems?

Data virtualization

Destination would be described on a use case in which of the following areas? :a) Trigger b) Major inputs c) Major outputs d) Primary actor e) Importance level

Major outputs

Most relational database systems support:

Referential integrity

Which would generally NOT be taken into consideration for project portfolio management in an organization?

The number of financially feasible projects

System prototyping is BEST characterized as:

A 'Quick and Dirty' system

RAD is an acronym for:

Rapid Application Development

Some systems that are used infrequently should probably emphasize:

ease of learning

During the implementation phase of the SDLC: a) Analysts will write programs b) Programmers will develop user interfaces c) Project managers will convert logical ERDs into physical DFDs d) Champions will do the data management design e) None of these

none of these

Processes in data flow diagramming are represented by:

rounded rectangles

Operational requirements of a system include all of the following, except:

scalability

This report is used when a user needs brief information on many items

summary report

Research has shown that about __________ of potential adopters will be ready adopters.

20% to 30%

Software systems can be divided into how many basic functions?

4

Which of the following might be a good choice of an icon for saving on a user interface?

A computer diskette

Austin is a systems analyst. Which of the follow people might be the most valuable to him in developing a use case for an accounts payable system upgrade?

Amy, a team manager in the accounts payable department

Role-playing the use case with actual users is a good way to:

Confirm the use case

Which of the following is probably something that system testing WILL NOT verify?

Conformance to Sarbanes-Oxley requirements

A ___________ is used when all combinations of data are valid (like birth year is prior to marriage year).

Consistency check

A process model is:

A graphical way of representing how a business system operates

When normalizing data models, if you take attributes that have multiple values for a single instance of an entity and create separate entities for those attributes you are moving from:

0 normal form to 1st normal form (1NF)

Andrea is creating a diagram model for processes (without regard to how they are conducted). She is probably creating _______________.

A logical process model

Unit tests focus on:

A program or a program module

A data flow is:

A single fact

A default value is:

A value that specifies what should be placed in a column if no value is provided

An example of a functional requirement is _________

Access to the customer order system

The first step in creating a Physical Data Flow Diagram is

Add implementation references

Bridget is managing a systems development project. The programmers have gotten farther and farther behind in the schedule. One thing she should NOT do is:

Add more programmers to the development team

After updating the data elements in the data flows (when creating a physical DFD), you might need to:

Add physical data elements to the metadata descriptions in the CASE repository

When developing the Major Inputs and Major Outputs for a use case, the analyst and users should consider:

All possible inputs and outputs

Thick clients contain:

Almost all or most of the application logic

Austin is a systems analyst. Which of the follow people might be the most valuable to him in developing a use case for an accounts payable system upgrade? a) Beth, a software vendor for Peachtree Accounting Software b) Amy, a team manager in the accounts payable department c) Lisa, the project manager for the project d) Casey, a fellow analyst who is more experienced in making use cases e) Bill, a Java programmer in the applications development area.

Amy, a team manager in the accounts payable department

Which of the following could be correct? - A data flow connects from a data store to an external entity. - An external entity has only one data flow that goes to a process.

An external entity has only one data flow that goes to a process.

The primary actor in a use case is generally: a) An external user of the system b) The Project Sponsor c) The Champion d) The Project manager e) The Systems Analyst

An external user of the system

Marco is working for iTunes and needs to have a database that can store multimedia complex data (such as graphics, video and sound). His best choice might be:

An object database

Kallie is creating use cases, process models, and data models for the proposed system. Which phase of the SDLC is she in?

Analysis

Jack is going over financial numbers for a proposed project. Which of the following system analyst skills is he exhibiting currently?

Analytical

Ramona is calculating how long it will take for the system to produce benefits that cover its costs in an economic feasibility analysis. She is calculating:

Break-even point

Which of the following is not one of the five elements in system request form?

Business Processes

Moderate changes to existing processes by adding valuable steps or deleting invaluable steps fall under the _________ analysis.

Business process improvement

Which would NOT likely be an attribute of an entity called "Student"?

Class room number

The primary hardware components of a system consist of:

Client Computers, Servers, and Network

When eliciting requirements from processing clerks and lower level managers about 'how' a system works, the best approach might be: _____.

Closed-ended interview questions

The concept of putting records that are somehow related together on the same server (or storage device) is called:

Clustering

Which of the following is not one of the six principles of user interface design? a)Content awareness b)Completeness

Completeness

Barton is an analyst developing a use case. Which of the following will probably NOT be on his use case? a) Description of data flows b) Use case name c) A use case number d) Source for the major inputs e) Type of trigger

Description of data flows

Barb is an analyst developing a use case. Which of the following will probably NOT be on her use case? a) Importance level b) Short Description c) Information for steps d) Destination for the major inputs e) Type of trigger

Destination for the major inputs

Which is generally the best understood component of the SDLC and may offer the fewest problems?

Developing the system's software

Designing an architecture can be_______________.

Difficult and therefore outside consultants are often sourced to do the task and difficult and therefore experienced internal members are sourced to the task

Which of the following statement is correct about use cases? a) Use cases are a type of 'data-driven modeling b) Each use case contains a fairly complete description of all the activities that occur in response to a trigger event.

Each use case contains a fairly complete description of all the activities that occur in response to a trigger event.

TJ is coordinating a project. Which would he probably NOT use to avoid conflicts?

Encourage a competitive edge between team members

Which of the following is NOT correct? - Every set of DFD's must have one context diagram - Every process must be broken down further on Level 2 diagrams.

Every process must be broken down further on Level 2 diagrams.

The CRUD matrix shows

Exactly how data are used and created by the major processes in the system

Typically, the first step in the user interface design process is:

Examine DFDs and use cases to develop use scenarios

Which is NOT a good practice in conducting interviews?

Explain thoroughly - it is estimated that in a strong interview session, the interviewer (you) should talk and explain about 60% of the time; and the interviewee should answer about 40% of the time.q

Suggestions for motivation might include all of these EXCEPT:

Giving all team members the same bonus on a project

What is/are the disadvantage(s) associated with n-tiered architecture?

Great load on the network and when the clients capture keystrokes and the very first architecture system

The major architectural components of any system are the_______.

Hardware and Software

Legacy databases might include ________ and ______________

Hierarchical databases and network databases

As a structure chart is constructed, it is generally best to build modules with:

High cohesion

Which of the following is probably NOT a step for writing a use case? a) Identify the use case b) Identify the major steps within each use case c) Identify elements within steps d) Identify the analyst e) Confirm the use case

Identify the analyst

Entity Relationship Diagrams show relationships between entities that are _____.

In line with the business rules and processing

Myles is studying a system to lessen the number of complaints about the Help Desk. He has formally studied the service counter at Wal-Mart, Target and Kohl's department stores; as well as listened in to complaint phone calls to a hotel booking site. He is trying to see how other organizations work at lessening complaints and also how they handle complaints. This would be what type of analysis?

Informal benchmarking

An entity relationship diagram (ERD):

Is a graphic that shows the information that is created, stored, and used by a business system

Client-server architectures tend to be:

Less expensive than client-based architectures

Servers can take on what "flavors"?

Mainframes, minicomputers, microcomputers

Generally, transform structures on a structure chart will have:

Many afferent processes

Anthony is working on the cardinality of doctors and patients in a large urban hospital. With a large number of doctors with varying specialties and patients that may have more than one ailment, he thinks the relationship might be noted as:

Many to many

This type of file stores "core information that is important to the business" and for the application (such as customer mailing lists).

Master files

Which of the following design guidelines is NOT true? a) Modules closely share information (high coupling) b)Library modules should be created whenever possible

Modules closely share information (high coupling)

The two methods to validate that an ERD is well formed are _____. - Normalization and balancing with process models - Balancing with process models and following design guidelines created by Chen

Normalization and balancing with process models

Test plans:

Often have 20 to 30 pages, with a separate page for each individual test in the plan

Server virtualization involves:

Partitioning a physical server into virtual servers

In a structure chart, the purpose of a control couple is to:

Pass parameters from a subordinate module to the control module

Which of the following is NOT a suggestion for preventing mistakes? a)Confirm actions that are difficult or impossible to undo b)Place menu items in alphabetical order

Place menu items in alphabetical order

Rachel, Fraud Unit Manager, has just received an interview report from Stefano, a systems analyst. Rachel was interviewed by Stefano, and was asked to make corrections and clarifications to the interview report. In what interview phase would this occur?

Post interview following-up

A technique where a set of written questions are distributed to people (frequently to a large number of people) is: _____.

Questionnaires

A ___________ is used when you want to verify that data fits within correct minimum and maximum values.

Range check

The main difference between the Parallel Development Methodology and the Iterative Development Methodology is that:

The Parallel Methodology will have subprojects and the Iterative Methodology will have various releases

A 'temporal' trigger might be which of the following: a) A patient calls to make an appointment with a doctor b) The accounting department needs information for a report c) The human resources department needs a tax withholding form to be filled out by a new employee d) The date changes to the first day of the month e) A new shipping of goods arrives and needs to be added to the inventory

The date changes to the first day of the month

Which of the following is NOT true about ERDs?

The diagrams are drawn in a sequential order - from top to bottom

Marta has asked the users of a system to picture themselves performing the processes and to write down those processes in a sequential order. She should get a good idea of ________. a) The major steps for each use case b) The use case c) The elements within steps d) The temporal triggers e) The external actors

The major steps for each use case

An n-tiered architecture is distinguished by:

The number of specialized server computers

The term 'bug' in software came from:

The story of a moth getting caught inside an early computer

Which of the following statement about a use case is NOT correct? a) Information for steps should be in a noun phrase b) The use case name should be in a noun phrase.

The use case name should be in a noun phrase.

Which of the following of the context diagram is NOT correct?

There is no data flow in a context diagram.

Which is NOT true of Structure Charts when designing programs?

They are generally implemented with control flags that pass from the control modules to the subordinate modules

Which is NOT true for systems analysts?

They are the project sponsors for system proposals

Which is NOT true of use cases? a) They are formal ways of representing how a business system interacts with its environment b) They illustrate the activities that are performed by the users of the system c) They can be thought of as an external or functional view of a business process d) They illustrate what starts (or triggers) an event, all the people that are involved, and how the system provides value e) They sometimes are called 'business scenarios' (although 'use case' is generally preferred)

They illustrate what starts (or triggers) an event, all the people that are involved, and how the system provides value

Which is NOT true of use cases? a) They illustrate what starts (or triggers) an event, all the people that are involved, and how the system provides value b)They are formal ways of representing how a business system interacts with its environment

They illustrate what starts (or triggers) an event, all the people that are involved, and how the system provides value

Which of the following is true about a JAD facilitator?

They set the meeting agenda

When implementing the "minimize user effort" factor, most interface designers follow the ____.

Three-clicks rule

Garrett has been told by management that his project MUST be completed on time. His best estimates are more than two weeks after the absolute deadline. Which technique could he use to get a functional system on time?

Timeboxing

A use case helps: a) Define interview questions b) Clarify ongoing costs for a system c) Identify risks with the project d) Refine project management milestones e) Understand system activities and requirements

Understand system activities and requirements

Ralph wants to illustrate how a system interacts with the environment. The best solution for him would be to use a ________: a) Requirements flow chart b) Storyboard c) HIPO chart (hierarchy, input, process, output) d) Use case e) Gantt chart

Use case

Use cases are used to more fully delineate _____.

User requirements

Omar is an analyst building a use case. Which of the following project roles might be the most important in terms of getting information about building the use case? a) Users b) Programmers c) Other analysts d) Project Sponsor e) Equipment vendors

Users

Which of the following methodologies might be most appropriate if you have a system project with: clear requirements; very familiar technologies; not all that complex; reasonably reliable; a very long time schedule, and the schedule visibility is not important?

Waterfall

The objective of architecture design is to determine_______________.

What parts of the application software will be assigned to what hardware

Independent entities are:

When an entity can exist without the help of another entity

Modality refers to:

Whether an entity can exist with or without a related instance in the related entity

The largest single component of any systems development project in terms of both time and cost could be:

Writing programs

Alex has prepared a spreadsheet where the total benefits are $132,000; the total costs are $100,000. The ROI would be:

about 32%

Which of the following is an advantage of client-server architectures?

all of the above

During the implementation phase of the SDLC: a) System is developed b) System is tested c) System is documented d) All of these

all of these

The term _____ refers to how well the lines of code within each module in a structure chart relate to each other.

cohesion

Generally the cheapest training to deliver would be:

computer-based training (CBT)

In a structure chart, a transaction structure _____.

contains a control module that calls subordinate modules, each handling a particular transaction

Pseudocode: ____________

contains logical structures, including sequential statements, conditional statements, and iteration.

In a structure chart, the element that communicates that a message or a system flag is being passed from one module to another is known as a(n) _____.

control couple

Which is probably NOT true about building use cases? a) Analysts are involved b) Users are involved c) Major processes are analyzed d) Major costs are analyzed e) External or internal triggers are analyzed

d) Major costs are analyzed

Which is NOT true of use cases? a) They are formal ways of representing how a business system interacts with its environment b) They illustrates the activities that are performed by the users of the system c) They can be thought of as an external or functional view of a business process d) They illustrate what starts (or triggers) an event, all the people that are involved, and how the system provides value e) They sometimes are called 'business scenarios' (although 'use case' is generally preferred)

d) They illustrate what starts (or triggers) an event, all the people that are involved, and how the system provides value

In a structure chart, the element that is drawn as an empty circle with an attached arrow is known as a(n) _____.

data couple

Steve, a systems analyst, is working on a home mortgage system. He discovered that, on average, it takes 30 days for the bank to approve a mortgage. However, when adding the total amount of time for each of the basic steps in the process actually spent is about 8 hours. This analysis strategy is:

duration analysis

What is probably NOT a part of a Use Case? a) Name b) Number c) Trigger d) Major inputs e) Statement of business value

e) Statement of business value

A lot of the "unfreeze" part of Lewin's three-step model for managing organization change:

has been accomplished to this point in the project by the systems development life cycle (SDLC) processes

In a registration database, Ross has tables for student, professor, classroom, class, class-hour. Since his campus has about 12,000 students, when he runs queries about what student is in what class, taught by what professor in what classroom at which hour, the DBMS software will have to perform many _________

joins

What diagram will have sub-processes with numbers like 3.3.1, 3.3.2, 3.3.3 (etc.) and also have flows coming in (or going out) that are not illustrated?

level 2 diagram

Reusable modules, which are represented in the structure chart as rectangles with vertical lines on both sides, may often appear several times in a structure chart. These are called _____ modules.

library

There are two symbols that describe special types of control in a structure chart. They are a curved arrow and a diamond. These symbols represent _____ and _____.

loop, conditional line


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