ITM 318 finial exam
James is developing a DFD. What would be a good name for him to use on a data flow from the Calculate Federal Withholding process to a data store called YTD Payroll Data?
Federal Withholding Taxes
The two basic formats for data storage:
Files and databases
According to the textbook, which of the following is not a cause of project failure?
Flaws in aesthetics
When you join two relational database tables together, frequently the primary key in one table will be a(n) ____________ in the other table.
Foreign key
New databases collectively referred to as NoSQL databases have appeared in recent years. Which of the following is NOT categorized as a NoSQL database?
Relational Database system
Which of the following is probably NOT a part of most use cases? a) Primary Actor b) Secondary Actor c) Major inputs descriptions d) Major steps performed e) Identification of the trigger
Secondary Actor
Which of the following statement about architectural design is true? -Server-based architecture is more secure than client-based architecture. -The presentation logic, the application logic, and the data processing logic can be independent in server-based architecture.
Server-based architecture is more secure than client-based architecture.
Which of the following is NOT one of the elements for Technical feasibility study?
Strategic alignment
Which is the outcome of the planning phase?
System Request document
Which of the following project roles would identify how IT/IS can support and improve business processes?
System analyst
The two fundamental documentation types are:
System documentation and user documentation
Use cases are used to more fully delineate _____. a) Resources used in the system b) System boundaries c) System proposals d) System requirements e) Data flows
System requirements
Which is generally NOT true of non-functional requirements?
Systems may need to calculate actual expenses from global operations
The V-model pays more explicit attention to ___________
Testing (quality control)
When designing navigational controls, which is NOT commonly assumed?
That users have knowledge of the system and the interface
Which is NOT a change management plan step?
installing "user friendly" hardware
Which is NOT a purpose of the requirements definition?
Create cost/benefit analysis
Which of the following is NOT a project characteristic that will affect the methodology selection decision?
Creating a cost/benefit spreadsheet
A sample access control requirement would be:
Customer service reps can modify customer files but not delete them
On an ERD _________________:
Data elements are listed together and place inside boxes called entities.
The relationship between use cases and data flow diagrams is:
Data flow diagrams start with information in the use cases and the requirements. The set of DFDs that make up the process model simply integrates the individual use cases.
Which of the following is not one of the four basic functions of software systems?
Data virtualization
Destination would be described on a use case in which of the following areas? :a) Trigger b) Major inputs c) Major outputs d) Primary actor e) Importance level
Major outputs
Most relational database systems support:
Referential integrity
Which would generally NOT be taken into consideration for project portfolio management in an organization?
The number of financially feasible projects
System prototyping is BEST characterized as:
A 'Quick and Dirty' system
RAD is an acronym for:
Rapid Application Development
Some systems that are used infrequently should probably emphasize:
ease of learning
During the implementation phase of the SDLC: a) Analysts will write programs b) Programmers will develop user interfaces c) Project managers will convert logical ERDs into physical DFDs d) Champions will do the data management design e) None of these
none of these
Processes in data flow diagramming are represented by:
rounded rectangles
Operational requirements of a system include all of the following, except:
scalability
This report is used when a user needs brief information on many items
summary report
Research has shown that about __________ of potential adopters will be ready adopters.
20% to 30%
Software systems can be divided into how many basic functions?
4
Which of the following might be a good choice of an icon for saving on a user interface?
A computer diskette
Austin is a systems analyst. Which of the follow people might be the most valuable to him in developing a use case for an accounts payable system upgrade?
Amy, a team manager in the accounts payable department
Role-playing the use case with actual users is a good way to:
Confirm the use case
Which of the following is probably something that system testing WILL NOT verify?
Conformance to Sarbanes-Oxley requirements
A ___________ is used when all combinations of data are valid (like birth year is prior to marriage year).
Consistency check
A process model is:
A graphical way of representing how a business system operates
When normalizing data models, if you take attributes that have multiple values for a single instance of an entity and create separate entities for those attributes you are moving from:
0 normal form to 1st normal form (1NF)
Andrea is creating a diagram model for processes (without regard to how they are conducted). She is probably creating _______________.
A logical process model
Unit tests focus on:
A program or a program module
A data flow is:
A single fact
A default value is:
A value that specifies what should be placed in a column if no value is provided
An example of a functional requirement is _________
Access to the customer order system
The first step in creating a Physical Data Flow Diagram is
Add implementation references
Bridget is managing a systems development project. The programmers have gotten farther and farther behind in the schedule. One thing she should NOT do is:
Add more programmers to the development team
After updating the data elements in the data flows (when creating a physical DFD), you might need to:
Add physical data elements to the metadata descriptions in the CASE repository
When developing the Major Inputs and Major Outputs for a use case, the analyst and users should consider:
All possible inputs and outputs
Thick clients contain:
Almost all or most of the application logic
Austin is a systems analyst. Which of the follow people might be the most valuable to him in developing a use case for an accounts payable system upgrade? a) Beth, a software vendor for Peachtree Accounting Software b) Amy, a team manager in the accounts payable department c) Lisa, the project manager for the project d) Casey, a fellow analyst who is more experienced in making use cases e) Bill, a Java programmer in the applications development area.
Amy, a team manager in the accounts payable department
Which of the following could be correct? - A data flow connects from a data store to an external entity. - An external entity has only one data flow that goes to a process.
An external entity has only one data flow that goes to a process.
The primary actor in a use case is generally: a) An external user of the system b) The Project Sponsor c) The Champion d) The Project manager e) The Systems Analyst
An external user of the system
Marco is working for iTunes and needs to have a database that can store multimedia complex data (such as graphics, video and sound). His best choice might be:
An object database
Kallie is creating use cases, process models, and data models for the proposed system. Which phase of the SDLC is she in?
Analysis
Jack is going over financial numbers for a proposed project. Which of the following system analyst skills is he exhibiting currently?
Analytical
Ramona is calculating how long it will take for the system to produce benefits that cover its costs in an economic feasibility analysis. She is calculating:
Break-even point
Which of the following is not one of the five elements in system request form?
Business Processes
Moderate changes to existing processes by adding valuable steps or deleting invaluable steps fall under the _________ analysis.
Business process improvement
Which would NOT likely be an attribute of an entity called "Student"?
Class room number
The primary hardware components of a system consist of:
Client Computers, Servers, and Network
When eliciting requirements from processing clerks and lower level managers about 'how' a system works, the best approach might be: _____.
Closed-ended interview questions
The concept of putting records that are somehow related together on the same server (or storage device) is called:
Clustering
Which of the following is not one of the six principles of user interface design? a)Content awareness b)Completeness
Completeness
Barton is an analyst developing a use case. Which of the following will probably NOT be on his use case? a) Description of data flows b) Use case name c) A use case number d) Source for the major inputs e) Type of trigger
Description of data flows
Barb is an analyst developing a use case. Which of the following will probably NOT be on her use case? a) Importance level b) Short Description c) Information for steps d) Destination for the major inputs e) Type of trigger
Destination for the major inputs
Which is generally the best understood component of the SDLC and may offer the fewest problems?
Developing the system's software
Designing an architecture can be_______________.
Difficult and therefore outside consultants are often sourced to do the task and difficult and therefore experienced internal members are sourced to the task
Which of the following statement is correct about use cases? a) Use cases are a type of 'data-driven modeling b) Each use case contains a fairly complete description of all the activities that occur in response to a trigger event.
Each use case contains a fairly complete description of all the activities that occur in response to a trigger event.
TJ is coordinating a project. Which would he probably NOT use to avoid conflicts?
Encourage a competitive edge between team members
Which of the following is NOT correct? - Every set of DFD's must have one context diagram - Every process must be broken down further on Level 2 diagrams.
Every process must be broken down further on Level 2 diagrams.
The CRUD matrix shows
Exactly how data are used and created by the major processes in the system
Typically, the first step in the user interface design process is:
Examine DFDs and use cases to develop use scenarios
Which is NOT a good practice in conducting interviews?
Explain thoroughly - it is estimated that in a strong interview session, the interviewer (you) should talk and explain about 60% of the time; and the interviewee should answer about 40% of the time.q
Suggestions for motivation might include all of these EXCEPT:
Giving all team members the same bonus on a project
What is/are the disadvantage(s) associated with n-tiered architecture?
Great load on the network and when the clients capture keystrokes and the very first architecture system
The major architectural components of any system are the_______.
Hardware and Software
Legacy databases might include ________ and ______________
Hierarchical databases and network databases
As a structure chart is constructed, it is generally best to build modules with:
High cohesion
Which of the following is probably NOT a step for writing a use case? a) Identify the use case b) Identify the major steps within each use case c) Identify elements within steps d) Identify the analyst e) Confirm the use case
Identify the analyst
Entity Relationship Diagrams show relationships between entities that are _____.
In line with the business rules and processing
Myles is studying a system to lessen the number of complaints about the Help Desk. He has formally studied the service counter at Wal-Mart, Target and Kohl's department stores; as well as listened in to complaint phone calls to a hotel booking site. He is trying to see how other organizations work at lessening complaints and also how they handle complaints. This would be what type of analysis?
Informal benchmarking
An entity relationship diagram (ERD):
Is a graphic that shows the information that is created, stored, and used by a business system
Client-server architectures tend to be:
Less expensive than client-based architectures
Servers can take on what "flavors"?
Mainframes, minicomputers, microcomputers
Generally, transform structures on a structure chart will have:
Many afferent processes
Anthony is working on the cardinality of doctors and patients in a large urban hospital. With a large number of doctors with varying specialties and patients that may have more than one ailment, he thinks the relationship might be noted as:
Many to many
This type of file stores "core information that is important to the business" and for the application (such as customer mailing lists).
Master files
Which of the following design guidelines is NOT true? a) Modules closely share information (high coupling) b)Library modules should be created whenever possible
Modules closely share information (high coupling)
The two methods to validate that an ERD is well formed are _____. - Normalization and balancing with process models - Balancing with process models and following design guidelines created by Chen
Normalization and balancing with process models
Test plans:
Often have 20 to 30 pages, with a separate page for each individual test in the plan
Server virtualization involves:
Partitioning a physical server into virtual servers
In a structure chart, the purpose of a control couple is to:
Pass parameters from a subordinate module to the control module
Which of the following is NOT a suggestion for preventing mistakes? a)Confirm actions that are difficult or impossible to undo b)Place menu items in alphabetical order
Place menu items in alphabetical order
Rachel, Fraud Unit Manager, has just received an interview report from Stefano, a systems analyst. Rachel was interviewed by Stefano, and was asked to make corrections and clarifications to the interview report. In what interview phase would this occur?
Post interview following-up
A technique where a set of written questions are distributed to people (frequently to a large number of people) is: _____.
Questionnaires
A ___________ is used when you want to verify that data fits within correct minimum and maximum values.
Range check
The main difference between the Parallel Development Methodology and the Iterative Development Methodology is that:
The Parallel Methodology will have subprojects and the Iterative Methodology will have various releases
A 'temporal' trigger might be which of the following: a) A patient calls to make an appointment with a doctor b) The accounting department needs information for a report c) The human resources department needs a tax withholding form to be filled out by a new employee d) The date changes to the first day of the month e) A new shipping of goods arrives and needs to be added to the inventory
The date changes to the first day of the month
Which of the following is NOT true about ERDs?
The diagrams are drawn in a sequential order - from top to bottom
Marta has asked the users of a system to picture themselves performing the processes and to write down those processes in a sequential order. She should get a good idea of ________. a) The major steps for each use case b) The use case c) The elements within steps d) The temporal triggers e) The external actors
The major steps for each use case
An n-tiered architecture is distinguished by:
The number of specialized server computers
The term 'bug' in software came from:
The story of a moth getting caught inside an early computer
Which of the following statement about a use case is NOT correct? a) Information for steps should be in a noun phrase b) The use case name should be in a noun phrase.
The use case name should be in a noun phrase.
Which of the following of the context diagram is NOT correct?
There is no data flow in a context diagram.
Which is NOT true of Structure Charts when designing programs?
They are generally implemented with control flags that pass from the control modules to the subordinate modules
Which is NOT true for systems analysts?
They are the project sponsors for system proposals
Which is NOT true of use cases? a) They are formal ways of representing how a business system interacts with its environment b) They illustrate the activities that are performed by the users of the system c) They can be thought of as an external or functional view of a business process d) They illustrate what starts (or triggers) an event, all the people that are involved, and how the system provides value e) They sometimes are called 'business scenarios' (although 'use case' is generally preferred)
They illustrate what starts (or triggers) an event, all the people that are involved, and how the system provides value
Which is NOT true of use cases? a) They illustrate what starts (or triggers) an event, all the people that are involved, and how the system provides value b)They are formal ways of representing how a business system interacts with its environment
They illustrate what starts (or triggers) an event, all the people that are involved, and how the system provides value
Which of the following is true about a JAD facilitator?
They set the meeting agenda
When implementing the "minimize user effort" factor, most interface designers follow the ____.
Three-clicks rule
Garrett has been told by management that his project MUST be completed on time. His best estimates are more than two weeks after the absolute deadline. Which technique could he use to get a functional system on time?
Timeboxing
A use case helps: a) Define interview questions b) Clarify ongoing costs for a system c) Identify risks with the project d) Refine project management milestones e) Understand system activities and requirements
Understand system activities and requirements
Ralph wants to illustrate how a system interacts with the environment. The best solution for him would be to use a ________: a) Requirements flow chart b) Storyboard c) HIPO chart (hierarchy, input, process, output) d) Use case e) Gantt chart
Use case
Use cases are used to more fully delineate _____.
User requirements
Omar is an analyst building a use case. Which of the following project roles might be the most important in terms of getting information about building the use case? a) Users b) Programmers c) Other analysts d) Project Sponsor e) Equipment vendors
Users
Which of the following methodologies might be most appropriate if you have a system project with: clear requirements; very familiar technologies; not all that complex; reasonably reliable; a very long time schedule, and the schedule visibility is not important?
Waterfall
The objective of architecture design is to determine_______________.
What parts of the application software will be assigned to what hardware
Independent entities are:
When an entity can exist without the help of another entity
Modality refers to:
Whether an entity can exist with or without a related instance in the related entity
The largest single component of any systems development project in terms of both time and cost could be:
Writing programs
Alex has prepared a spreadsheet where the total benefits are $132,000; the total costs are $100,000. The ROI would be:
about 32%
Which of the following is an advantage of client-server architectures?
all of the above
During the implementation phase of the SDLC: a) System is developed b) System is tested c) System is documented d) All of these
all of these
The term _____ refers to how well the lines of code within each module in a structure chart relate to each other.
cohesion
Generally the cheapest training to deliver would be:
computer-based training (CBT)
In a structure chart, a transaction structure _____.
contains a control module that calls subordinate modules, each handling a particular transaction
Pseudocode: ____________
contains logical structures, including sequential statements, conditional statements, and iteration.
In a structure chart, the element that communicates that a message or a system flag is being passed from one module to another is known as a(n) _____.
control couple
Which is probably NOT true about building use cases? a) Analysts are involved b) Users are involved c) Major processes are analyzed d) Major costs are analyzed e) External or internal triggers are analyzed
d) Major costs are analyzed
Which is NOT true of use cases? a) They are formal ways of representing how a business system interacts with its environment b) They illustrates the activities that are performed by the users of the system c) They can be thought of as an external or functional view of a business process d) They illustrate what starts (or triggers) an event, all the people that are involved, and how the system provides value e) They sometimes are called 'business scenarios' (although 'use case' is generally preferred)
d) They illustrate what starts (or triggers) an event, all the people that are involved, and how the system provides value
In a structure chart, the element that is drawn as an empty circle with an attached arrow is known as a(n) _____.
data couple
Steve, a systems analyst, is working on a home mortgage system. He discovered that, on average, it takes 30 days for the bank to approve a mortgage. However, when adding the total amount of time for each of the basic steps in the process actually spent is about 8 hours. This analysis strategy is:
duration analysis
What is probably NOT a part of a Use Case? a) Name b) Number c) Trigger d) Major inputs e) Statement of business value
e) Statement of business value
A lot of the "unfreeze" part of Lewin's three-step model for managing organization change:
has been accomplished to this point in the project by the systems development life cycle (SDLC) processes
In a registration database, Ross has tables for student, professor, classroom, class, class-hour. Since his campus has about 12,000 students, when he runs queries about what student is in what class, taught by what professor in what classroom at which hour, the DBMS software will have to perform many _________
joins
What diagram will have sub-processes with numbers like 3.3.1, 3.3.2, 3.3.3 (etc.) and also have flows coming in (or going out) that are not illustrated?
level 2 diagram
Reusable modules, which are represented in the structure chart as rectangles with vertical lines on both sides, may often appear several times in a structure chart. These are called _____ modules.
library
There are two symbols that describe special types of control in a structure chart. They are a curved arrow and a diamond. These symbols represent _____ and _____.
loop, conditional line
