ITT

1. Which of the following is an example of phase II metabolism? a. Glucuronidation of oxazepam b. Epoxide formation from carbamazepine c. Sulfoxide formation from administered cimetidine d. Ester hydrolysis of cocaine e. All of the above

a. Glucuronidation of oxazepam

1. All of the following symptoms would be expected following anticholinesterase insecticide poisoning EXCEPT: a. bronchodilation test two b. tachycardia c. diarrhea d. increased blood pressure e. dyspnea

a. bronchodilation

An analgesic that alleviates pain without causing loss of consciousness is:

acetaminophen

Given the following serum electrolyte data, determine the anion gap. Na = 132 mmol/L Cl= 90 mmol/L HCO3- = 22 mmol/L a. 12 mmol/L b. 20 mmol/L c. 64 mmol/L d. Cannot be determined from the information provided

b. 20 mmol/L description in the notes!

The legal limit for blood alchol concentration in the United States is _____. a. 20 mg/dL b. 80 mg/dL c. 40 mg/dL d. 120 mg/dL

b. 80 mg/dL

1. Virtually safe doses are described at which confidence level? a. 90 percent b. 95 percent c. 99 percent d. 99.9 percent e. 99.99 percent

b. 95 percent

Propofol, which achieved some level of notoriety in the Michael Jackson death case and is an IV anesthetic, might be best categorized as which of the following? a. An opiate analgesic b. A benzodiazepine 1B hypnotics c. A barbiturate d. A fentanyl derivative e. A substitute phenol

b. A benzodiazepine

What is flumazenil (Romazicon, generic)? a. It is an imidazobenzodiazepine. b. It is a specific benzodiazepine antagonist. c. It binds with high affinity to specific sites on the GABAA receptor. d. All of the above. e. Only b and c google

b. It is a specific benzodiazepine antagonist. c. It binds with high affinity to specific sites on the GABAA receptor.

Which of the following most correctly describes the first-pass effect? a. The body is most sensitive to a toxic the first time that it passes through the circulation b. Orally administered toxins are partially removed by the GI tract before they reach the systemic circulation c. It only results from increased absorption of toxin by GI cells d. It is often referred to as 'post-systemic elimination' e. A majority of the toxin is excreted after the first time the blood is filtered by the kidneys

b. Orally administered toxins are partially removed by the GI tract before they reach the systemic circulation

1. Which of the following inactive components of marijuana might be converted into THC during the smoking process (pyrolysis)? a. THCA b. THC carboxylic acid c. Cannabidiol d. All of the above e. Only b and c

b. THC carboxylic acid

1. Which of the following ranks as one of the most important factors governing drug disposition? a. Bioavailability b. Volume of distribution c. Clearance b. Elimination half-life (t1/2) c. All of the above

b. Volume of distribution

Which of the following will not help to increase the flux of a xenobiotic across a biological membrane? a. decreased size b. decreased oil: water partition coefficient c. increased concentration gradient d. increased surface area e. decreased membrane thickness

b. decreased oil: water partition coefficient

1. Which of the following enzymes is responsible for the biotransformation and elimination of serotonin? a. cytochrome P450 b. monoamine oxidase c. flavin monooxygenase d. xanthine oxidase e. paraoxonase

b. monoamine oxidase

The metabolite of cocaine that may be detected for up to 72 hours post-ingestion is_____.

benzoylecgonine

Cocaine is metabolised to:

benzoylecogonine

All of the following are true about the therapy of aspirin toxicity EXCEPT:

bicarbonate decreases the pH of the urine and this facilitates the excretion of salicylate into the urine and therefore elimination from the body

Ethanol is used as an antidote for the treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning because it____.

blocks the metabolism of ethylene glycol

Which of the following is true about ethanol use as antidote for the treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning?

blocks the metabolism of ethylene glycol

All of the following symptoms would be expected following anticholinesterase insecticide poisoning EXCEPT:

bronchodilation

A 54-year-old woman was found unconscious and was adm hospital. Her laboratory results were as follows: Sodium = 145 meq/L Potassium = 4.5 meq/L Glucose = 95 mg/dL BUN = 12 mg/dL Serum osmolality = 320 mOsm/kg Serum EtOH= 185 mg/dL What is the patient's osmolal gap? a. 60 mOsm/kg b. 280 mOsm/kg c. 20 mOsm/kg d. 40 mOsm/kg

c. 20 mOsm/kg 2Na + Glucose/18 + BUN/2.8 290. 5.3 300 osolal gap = 320-300= 20mOsm/kg

1. Which of the following organophosphate insecticides does not require metabolic activation? a. Dichlorvos b. Chlorpyrifos c. Methylparathion d. Malathion e. Diazinon

c. Methylparathion

Which of the following benzodiazepines is administered intramuscularly or intravenously? a. Triazolam oral b. Estazolam oral c. Midazolam d. Flurazepam oral e. Alprazolam oral

c. Midazolam

Which of the following insecticides works by activation of its target rather than inhibition? a. Organophosphates b. Carbamates c. Nicotine d. Rotenoids e. Cyclodienes

c. Nicotine

1. Which of the following metabolites of cocaine is active? a. BZE b. Ecgonine methylester c. Norcocaine google d. Ecgonine e. None of the above

c. Norcocaine

Drug testing designed to detect drug overdoses and formulate a treatment plan is referred to as____.

clinical toxicology

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of IgE-medicated food allergies?

diabetes

1. Which of the following diseases does not have a recessive inheritance pattern? a. phenylketonuria b. cystic fibrosis c. Tay-Sachs disease d. sickle cell anemia e. Huntington's disease needs only one gene to be developed

e. Huntington's disease

A chemical with which of the following half-lives (T1/2) will remain in the body for the longest period time when given equal dosage of each? a. T1/2 = 30 min b. T1/2 = 1 day c. T1/2 = 7 h d. T1/2 = 120 s e. T1/2 = 1 month

e. T1/2 = 1 month

Toxic chemicals are most likely to be bio-transformed in which of the following organs? a. Central nervous systme b. Heart c. Lung d. pancreas e. liver

e. liver

1. Which of the following is an important mechanism of removing particulate matter from the alveoli? a. coughing b. sneezing c. blowing one's nose d. absorption into the bloodstream, followed by excretion via the kidneys e. swallowing

e. swallowing

The principle route of lead exposure among the general population is______.

environmental and ingested

Carcinogens are chemical compounds which specifically lead to controlled proliferation of tissues.

false

Exposure to organochlorine pesticides does not (true if it DOES) primarily alter the movement of ions across the nerve membranes.

false

Hepatic cytochrome P450 metabolises bromobenzene and conjugates it to glutathione, and releases it in a form that cannot (true if CAN) cause nephrotoxicity.

false

NADPH maintains the level of reduced glutathione in the red blood cell and thus predisposes the red blood cell to oxidising like metabolites of certain drugs

false

OSHA requires employers to monitor employee exposure to toxic materials and DISCARD records of such exposure

false

Reaction of ethylene glycol with calcium leads to the formation of calcium oxalate which when deposited in the kidney will lead to damage to the kidney and also hypercalcemia.

false

When necrosis occurs in hepatocytes, the associated plasma membrane leakage cannot (true if its CAN) be detected biochemically by assaying plasma for liver cytosol-derived enzymes.

false

Aromatic amine toxicity is especially prominent in those in those individuals who are fast acetylators

fasle

Which of the following is considered to be the most predominant conjugation reaction during phase 11-type metabolism?

glucuronidation

Which of the following amino acids is commonly used in amino acid conjugation?

glycine

federal regulations require that screening for the presence of illicit drugs be performed by which of the following methods?

immunoassay

antichilinesterase agents:

increase Ach concentration in the synaptic cleft

Biliary excretion may_____.

increase the half-life of the compound

The primary toxic effect of salicylate is that it___.

interferes with the function of the electron transport chain in the mitochondria

The primary toxic effect of salicylate is that it____.

interferes with the function of the electron transport chain in the mitochondria

Which route of administeration is associated with 100% bioavailability?

intravenous

Which route of administration is associated with 100% bioavailability?

intravenous

Which of the following is true about parathion as an insecticide?

it causes excessive cholinergic stimulation

Which of the following statements is true about DDT?

it is very lipid soluble

Which of the following is caused by both cadmium and vinyl chloride?

kidney damage

Which of the following metals, when in toxic concentration, leads to decreased intelligence quotient (IQ) and growth in early childhood?

lead

Which of the following metals. When in toxic concentration, leads to decreased intelligence quotient (IQ) and growth in early childhood?

lead

Toxic doses of acetaminophen can cause serious damage to which of the following organs?

liver

delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the primary psychoactive component of _____.

marijuana

Delta-9-tetrahydrocannobinol (THC) is the primary psychoactive component of ____.

marjuana

A patient is Brough into the emergence room with the following symptoms: coma, respiratory depression, and pinpoint pupils. He is naloxone (Narcan) and responds. The expected results on the urine toxicology screen is positive for:

opiates

The ingestion of poppy seeds may give a positive urine screen for____.

opiates

the ingestion of poppy seeds may give a positive urine screen for____.

opiates

Which of the following statements is correct?

organophosphorus pesticides are powerful inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase

Ethylene glycol metabolises to which of the following acids?

oxalic acids

Determine the pH for the following concentration: [H+] = 1.5E-4 M

pH=3.8 equation: pH=-log[H+]

Determine the pH for the buffer containing 0.200 mol/L acetic acid and 0.050 mol/L sodium acetate. The Ka= 1.74E-5 for acetic acid.

pH=4.16 description in the notes!

Which of the following is a phase 2 type of biotransformation reactions?

sulphation

When chemical A and B are administered simultaneously, their combined effects are far greater than the sum of their effects when given alone. The chemical interaction between chemicals A and B can be described as which of the following?

synergistic

Phase 2 metabolism usually involves:

the addition of an endogenous moiety

Bioavailability of a drug refers to_____.

the fraction of the drug absorbed into syst. Circ.

Bioavailability of a drug refers to the ___.

the fraction of the drug absorbed into the systemic circulation

Alkaline urine can be achieved by giving sodium bicarbonate wither orally or by intravenous injection in the treatment of aspirin poisoning or barbiturate poisoning

true

All substances are poisons: there is none which is not poison. The right dose differentiates a poison and a remedy.

true

Chronic toxicity may apply to an event which occurs many weeks, months or years after exposure to either repeated doses or possibly after an acute exposure to a particular toxic substance.

true

Confirmation of drugs of abuse can be made by using GC, HPLC, or GCMS.

true

Exposure to organophosphate pesticides may be detected by the determination of cholinesterase or pseudocholinesterase.

true

Generally, the larger portion of patients falls into the type III and type IV categories of hypersensitivity.

true

In carbon monoxide poisoning, tissues are starved of oxygen and patients suffer ischemic damage to major organs

true

Morphine poisoning which causes respiratory depression can be treated by blocking the receptor where it acts with the drug naloxone.

true

Parathion poisoning involves the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by the metabolite paragon which can be treated with pralidoxime that removes the organophosphate from the enzyme.

true

The liver is the main organ where exogenous chemicals are metabolised and eventually excreted

true

Treatment of methanol and ethylene glycol toxicity include administration of ethanol to saturate alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver and prevent formation of toxic metabolites.

true

True or false? The clearance of the herbicide 2,4-D can be accelerated by the alkalinization of a patient's urine.

true

Vinyl chloride is metabloized to reactive intermediate chloroformed-rthylene oxide and chloroformed-acetaldehyde, which alkylate DNA.

true

halothane is taken up by the liver where it is metabolised in susceptible individuals to a metabolite that has the ability to acylate proteins

true

over dosage of drugs come within the bounds of clinical toxicology as doses accidental ingestion of hazardous substances, whereas abuse of drugs, including their use for murder, if the domain of forensic toxicologist.

true

penetration of toxicants or their metabolites into the NS is related largely to their lipid solubility

true

regulatory toxicology is aimed at ensuring that the benefits of chemical substances intended for use by humans outweigh the risks from that use

true

ventilation, appropriate hygienic practices, housekeeping, protective clothing, and proper training for safe handling may elimate or reduce hazardous that may exist.

true

Exposure to which of the following can cause autoimmune disease?

vinyl chloride

Which of the following is not true about ionised drugs?

As pH decreases, the amount of ionised drug decreases

AAll of the following are insecticides EXCEPT: A. organochlorines B. organomercurials C. Carbamate esters D. organophosphates

B. organomercurials

president Bush (SNR) established the "Federal Drug-Free Workplace" in 1989.

False

Fed Regulations

Immunoassay

Which of the following enzymes of heme biosynthesis are inhibited by lead?

aminolevulinate synthase

Cocaine

benzol

Which of the following is not an objective of risk management? a. setting target levels for risk b. balancing risks and benefits c. calculating lethal dosages d. setting priorities for manufacturers e. estimating residual risks

c. calculating lethal dosages

1. Which of the following molecules is used to gauge the amount of a specific gene being transcribed to mRNA? a. protein b. mRNA c. DNA d. cDNA e. CGH

d. cDNA

1. Which of the following reactions would likely not be catalyzed by cytochrome P450? a. dehydrogenation b. oxidative group transfer c. epoxidation d. reductive dehalogenation quizlet e. ester cleavage

d. reductive dehalogenation

Which of the following is the most important in determining the extent of toxicity of a chemical?

dose

1. Carbon monoxide might be present in an individual's blood from which of the following? a. The metabolism of dihalomethanes such as methylene chloride b. Cigarette smoke c. The exhaust from internal combustion machines d. Malfunctioning heating and ventilation systems e. All of the above

e. All of the above

Ozone is a non-toxic gas that promotes good health.

false

Acetone, often included in panels designed to detect exposure to a volatile alcohol, is the major metabolites of which primary toxicant?

isopropanol

Carbon monoxide is poisonous because_____.

it binds to hemoglobin

Which of the following is true about ethylene glycol?

it causes metabolic acidosis

For workplace drug programs, which body fluids is used for drugs of abuse testing?

urine

1. Illicit drug screening?

- Immunoassay

1. Coethylene?

- Metabolite of cocaine and ethanol

All of the following are examples of household poison EXCEPT: A. Saxitoxin B. ethylene glycol C. Alcohol D. Carbon monoxide

A. Saxitoxin

Which of the following is not true about cadmium mechanism of toxicity?

Metallothionein is a high molecular weight protein involved in the transport of cadmium.

Methcathinone is a "designer" drug of which family?

amphetamines

Which of the following= barbiturates finds use as a first-line anticonvulsant? a. Secobarbital b. Pentobarbital c. Phenobarbital wiki d. Amobarbital e. Butabarbital

c. Phenobarbital

1. Early (prenatal) exposure to which of the following teratogens is most often characterized by craniofacial dysmorphism? a. thalidomide b. retinol c. ethanol fetal alcohol syndrome MCAT d. tobacco smoke e. diethylstilbestrol (DES)

c. ethanol fetal alcohol syndrome

Which of the following is true about the reasons for risk assessment studies?

c. likelihood of persistence of the chemical in the environment and bioaccumulation d. likelihood that sensitive human and ecological populations may be exposed to significant levels

Which of the filling pesticides inhibits the enzyme cholinesterase?

carbamate

1. Oncogenes: a. maintain normal cellular growth and development. b. exert their action in a genetically recessive fashion. c. are often formed via translocation to a location with a more active promoter. d. can be mutated to form proto-oncogenes. e. include growth factors and GTPases, but not transcription factors.

d. can be mutated to form proto-oncogenes.

The therapeutic index of a drug: a. is the amount of a drug needed to cure an illness b. is lower in drugs that are relatively safer c. describes the potency of a chemical in eliciting a desired response d. describes the ratio of the toxic dose to the therapeutic dose of a drug e. explains the change in response to a drug as the dose is increased

d. describes the ratio of the toxic dose to the therapeutic dose of a drug

What is the primary goal in taking a history in a poisoned patient? a. determining drug allergies b. determining susceptibility to drug overdose c. determining likelihood of an attempted suicide d. determining the ingested substance e. determining the motive behind the poisoning

d. determining the ingested substance

1. Which of the following represents the dose below which no additional increase in response is observed? a. ED10 b. LD10 c. RfC d. threshold e. significance level

d. threshold

Antidote for methanol toxicity is ______.

ethanol

THC

marijuana

The parameter 'volume and distribution' may be determined for a chemical in vivo. is it_______?

sometimes larger than the total body volume

1. 97% hour question

- 85-119

1. Methacathione?

- Amphetamines

1. Cocaine up to 72 hours

- Benzoylecgonine

1. Noncompetitive heterogenous immunoassay uses

- Excess reagent and requires a separations step

1. Bioavailability of a drug refers to the ___.

- Fraction of drug absorbed into systematic circulation

1. Confirming drug of abuse testing?

- GCMS

1. Following are immunoassays are homogenous EXCEPT:

- IRMA

1. Primary toxic effect of salicylate is that___.

- Mitochondria answer

1. Poppy seeds?

- Opiates

1. True about facilitated transport

- Process may be saturated by high substrate concentrations

1. Antigen of antibody reaction within gel matrix

- Radial immunodiffusion

1. In which cases below is qualitative analysis of the drug usually adequate?

- To determine whether a patient has been taking amphetamines

1. Drug abuse testing

- Urine

A 500 mg dose of Drug Z is given to a 72 kg patient. After the drug reaches steady state, the blood concentration of the drug is measured to be 0.2 g/L and the half-life go drug Z is 8.6 hours. What is the volume of distribution (Vd)?

0.035 L/Kg

Calculate the pH of an acetate buffer composed of 0.20 M sodium and 0.05 M acetic acid. (the pK for acetic is 4.76)

5.4

the legal limit for blood alcohol concentration in the United States is___.

80 mg/dL

All of the following are examples of toxins of plants origin EXCEPT: A. Tetrodotoxin B. Ricin C. Pennyroyal oil D. Atropine

A. Tetrodotoxin

All of the following are NIDA-5 drugs EXCEPT: A. acetaminophen B. amphetamines C. delta-9-carboxy THC D. cocaine E. PCP

A. acetaminophen

Which of the following enzymes is used to provide a specific measurement of ethanol in serum?

Alcohol dehydrogenase

A salicylate level is performed to detect toxicity caused by ingestion of excess:

Aspirin

Measurement of serum acetaminophen concentrations is important for which of the following?

Assessment of liver damage

Ethylene glycerol metabolises to which of the following acids? A. Acetic acid B. Oxalic acid C. Gamma-aminobutyric acid D. Formic acid

B. Oxalic acid

The characteristics of necrosis include all of the following EXCEPT: A. Cell swelling B. cell shrinkage C. leakage D. nuclear disintegration

B. cell shrinkage

when considering the chronic toxicity (but not acute toxicity) of a chemical which of the following must be considered?

B. half-time in the body D. frequency of dosing

About tetrodotoxin, which of the following is true?

B. improper preparation of food accounts for 60% of fatalities. C. Poisons the sodium channels and alters generation of action-potential

Five identical experimental animals are treated with 1 mg of one of the following toxins. The animal treated with which toxin is most likely to die?

Botulinum toxin (LD50= 0.00001 mg/kg)

All of the following compounds can result in metabolic acidosis EXCEPT? A. Ethylene glycol B. Methanol C. Isopropanal D. Ethanol

C. Isopropanol

Which of the following is not true about acid rain? A. it may directly kill organism B. It may disrupt the ecosystem C. It may interfere with ferohelotase D. Acidity and low pH leaches out metals such as cadmium and lead

C. It may interfere with ferohelotase

Cytochrome P450 enzyme systems located in the endoplasmic reticulum required all of the following EXCEPT: A. NADPH B. molecular O2 C. NADH D. Mg++

C. NADH

The outcomes of exposure of a developing organism to toxicants include oil of the following EXCEPT: A. Death and abortion B. malformation C. Reproduction D. Growth retardation

C. Reproduction

The sequence of reactions in oxidation reaction include all EXCEPT _____. A. addition of substrate to the enzyme B. donation of an electron C. acceptance of an electron D. addition of oxygen and rearrangement

C. acceptance of an electron

The routes of exposure to asbestos include all of the following except: A. inhalation B. ingestion C. dermal absorption d. none of the above

C. dermal absorption

All of the following g are characteristic of DDT poisoning EXCEPT: A. Parethesia B. hypertrophy of hepatocytes C. increased potassium transport across the membrane D. Slow closing of sodium ion channels E. Dizziness

C. increased potassium transport across the membrane

The treatment strategy for the toxicity of aspirin includes one of the following: A. maintaining neutral pH B. reducing the pH C. increasing the pH D. all of the above

C. increasing the pH

All of the following are heavy metals that may be toxic to the body EXCEPT: A. arsenic B. mercury C. potassium D. lead

C. potassium

Lead's toxicity is largely due to its ability to mimic and interfere with normal functioning of which of the following ions?

Ca2+

Which of the following metals used in occupational settings may exhibit a total-body elimination half-life of up to, or greater than, 10 years?

Cadmium

Which of the following is not characteristic of apoptosis?

Cell swelling

Drug testing designed to detect drug overdoses and formulate a treatment plan is referred to as _____.

Clinical toxicology

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of axonopathies? A. there is degenerations of the axon B. The cell body of the neutron remains intact C. Axonopathies results from chemical transaction of the axons D. A majority of axonal toxicants cause motor deficits E. Sensory and motor deficits are first noticed in the hands and feet following axonal degeneration

D. A majority of axonal toxicants cause motor deficits

The toxicity of a chemical can be determined using which of the following methods? A. observation of populations exposed to the chemical B. observation of the effects of administering the chemical to populations under controlled environment. C. Exposition of cells, sub cellular fractions or single-celled organisms to the chemical. D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which of the following industrial chemicals are known human carcinogens? A. cadmium B. vinyl chloride C. Asbestos D. All of the above

D. all of the above

Which of the following is a type of toxicity study? A. Sub-acute B. Carcinogenicity C. Skin sensitisation tests D. All of the above

D. all of the above

Which of the following is true about the movement problems associated with organochlorine? A. low volatility B. Lipid solubility C. interference with reproductive systems D. all of the above

D. all of the above

Agents that modulate platelet function include all of the following EXCEPT: A. warfarin B. heparin C. streptokinase D. daunorubicin

D. daunorubicin

Nicotine toxicity can cause all of the following EXCEPT: A. accelerates heart rate B. elevates blood pressure C. constriction of blood vessels in the skin D. disruption of vesicle storage of dopamine

D. disruption of vesicle storage of dopamine

Which of the following is false about type I hypersensitivity? A. The reaction may involve skin, eyes, nasopharynx, bronchopulmonary tissues and gastrointestinal tract. B. The reaction may cause a range of symptoms from minor inconvenience to death. C. The reaction usually takes 15-30 minutes from the time of exposure to the antigen. D. immediate hypersensitivity is mediated by IgG and IgE

D. immediate hypersensitivity is mediated by IgG and IgE

The mechanism of holohane toxicity includes all of the following EXCEPT: A. multiple exposures will sensitive patients for future use. B. females are more commonly affected than males C. obese people are much more susceptible than non-obese individual D. previous history of allergy decreases the risk (this WOULD BE CORRECT IF IT HAD INCREASE)

D. previous history of allergy decreases the risk

The substrate for glutathione transferases include all of the following Except: A. aromatic heterocyclic B. alicyclic and aliphatic epoxides C. aromatic halogen D. saturated aliphatic compounds

D. saturated aliphatic compounds

All of the following factors will affect the absorption of poisons EXCEPT: A. blood flow B. ionization at pH 7.4 C. presence of food D. therapeutic concentration

D. therapeutic concentration

All of the following are physio-chemical considerations in toxicity testing EXCEPT: A. Solubility B. vapor Pressure C. Diet D. Purity

Diet

Which of the following is true about methyl mercury toxicity? A. inhibition of glycolysis B. Inhibition of nucleic acid biosynthesis C. impairment of aerobic respiration D. Inhibition of protein synthesis E. All of the above

E. All of the above

Which of the physicochemical characteristics is/are needed for substances to pass through the membrane? A. Size B. Lipid solubility C. polarity D. Charge E. All of the above

E. All of the above

Which of the following is true about federally mandated drug testing? A. controlled collection B. Chain of custody protocol C. Certification of laboratories D. immunoassay screening for qualitative testing followed by GCMS confirmation for all presumptive positives. E. all of the following

E. all of the following

Which of the following is not a mechanism of toxin-induced injury to liver cells? A. lipid peroxidation B. binding to cell macromolecules C. mitochondrial damage D. disruption of the cytoskeleton E. none of the above

E. none of the above

Knowledge of the toxicology of poisonous agents was published earliest in the:

Ebers papyrus

A noncompetitive Heterogenous Immunoassay uses _____.

Excess reagents and requires a separation step.

A commonly used measure of therapeutic index is the lethal dose of a drug for 50% of the population (LD50) divided by the toxic dose for 50% of the population (TD50).

False

Chronic use of marijuana may result in storage of THC in fatty tissues due to lipophilic properties and can be rapidly (slowly will be true) released into blood for eventual excretion.

False

Employees of Florida drug-free workplace compliant business are not obligated to be tested by Agency for Health Care Administration-licensed laboratories.

False

Safety is defined as the certainty that adverse effects will not occur when a substance is used incorrectly ( if its correctly than its true)

False

The half-life is defined as the time taken for the plasma concentration to increase by half and is determined by metabolism and excretion

False

Confirmatve positive testing

GCMS

Which of the following is an example of a definition or reference method that is suitable for confirming positive drugs of abuse testing?

GCMS

Which of the following is an example of a definitive or reference measure that is suitable for confirming positive drugs of abuse testing?

GCMS

Carbon monoxide affinity for haemoglobin is ______.

Greater than oxygen's affinity for hemoglobin

Meausurement of serum levels of which of the following immunoglobulin can serve as a screening test for multiple allergies?

IgE

The production of antivenins requires neutralising antibodies of type?

IgG

The primary toxic effect of salicylate____.

Interferes with function of ETC in mitochondria

Which route of associated admin. With 100% bioavailability?

Intravenous

Which of the following is not true about hydrolatine?

It's action result in vessel condition

Toxic chemicals are most likely to be biotransformed in which of the following oragns?

Liver

The antidote for acetaminophen toxicity is ____.

N-acetylcysteine

The mechanism of action of organophosphates with acetylcholinesterase is described by which of the following statement?

Organophosphates inhibit acetylcholinesterase

An individual inhaled what was represented to be marijuana; however, the subsequent effects were much more exaggerated than expected. In addition to feeling euphoric, symptoms included anxiety, agitation, muscle rigidity, hypertension, and an overwhelming sense of being able to physically dominate anyone or anything. Which of the following drugs of abuse was not probably inhaled?

PCP

An immunoassay based on the direct obs. Of Ag-Ab rxn within a gel matrix is_________.

Radial immune

Which one of the following manifestations is not an organophosphorus pesticide-induced muscarinic effect of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Sweating

The term 'first-pass effect' means which of the following:

The drug is mostly metabolised by the gastrointestinal tract and/or liver before reaching the systemic circulation

True about facilitated Transport?

The process may be saturated by high sub. Conc.

Which of the following is true about facilitated transport?

The process may be saturated by high substrate concentrations

For organophosphorus pesticides, which of the following statements is correct?

They are esters of phosphoric acid

Acetylation and methylation reactions tend to decrease rather than increase water solubility.

True

Concentration of toxicants depends on their volume of distribution into the various body compartments

True

Tetrodoxin causes paralysis of muscules in humans. true/false

True

Threshold limit value of a chemical substance is a level to which it is believed a worker can be exposed day after day for a working lifetime without adverse health effects

True

1. In an analysis of oral fluid for the cocaine group, which of the following species should be found most often? a. BZE only b. BZE in combination with parent cocaine c. Anhydroecgonine methyl ester (AEME) d. Cocaethylene (CE) e. Parent cocaine only

a. BZE only