Jeppesen FAA General Technician
How can you convert a decimal into a percent?
(1) Multiply the decimal by 100 and add the percent sign. (2) Move the decimal point two places to the right and add the percent sign.
What is the difference between the terms "overhaul" and "rebuilding" as they pertain to aircraft engine maintenance records?
"Overhauled" engines must be tested to approved or acceptable current standards and technical data. "Rebuilt" engines must be tested to the same tolerance and limits as a new engine.
What are two different ways that a ratio may be expressed?
1. As a fraction. 2. By placing a colon (:) between the two numbers. 3. By using the word "to" between the two numbers.
List at least five examples of areas in an aircraft that are prone to corrosion.
1. Battery Compartment 2. Exhaust trail areas 3. Bilge areas 4. Vent areas 5. Landing gear and wheel wells 6. Fuel tanks 7. Wing flap recesses 8. Around and below galleys and lavatories 9. Piano hinges 10. Any area that can trap water
Provide at least four examples of procedures used to prevent corrosion.
1. Cleaning 2. Lubrication 3. Treatment 4. Sealing 5. Inspection 6. Installing protective covers 7. Keeping drain holes free and clear
How is 100,000 expressed as a power of 10?
10 to the 5th power. (10⁵)
A 24-volt lead-acid battery has how many cells?
12
What is the duration of a temporary airman's certificate?
120 days
What telltale characteristics are evidence of a cold weld?
A cold weld has rough, irregular edges that are not feathered into the base metal and has variations in penetration amounts.
Describe the identification markings commonly found on flexible hoses.
A lay line, identification such as a Mil Spec number, the manufacturer's name or symbol, the hose size and a date code.
What information is contained in a "bill of materials"?
A list of the material and parts needed to fabricate or assemble the component or system shown in the drawing.
Name some tools that are commonly used to assist in making visual inspections of welds.
A magnifying glass, flashlight, mirror and, possibly, a borescope.
What authority does a mechanic have regarding approval for return to service?
A mechanic may approve an aircraft, airframe, engine, propeller, or appliance for return to service in accordance with the provisions of FAR (14 CFR) Part 65.
What are the limitations to a mechanics privilege's with regards to propellers?
A mechanic may not perform or supervise major repairs to, or major alterations of, propellers
What are the privilege's of an A&P mechanic regarding inspections?
A mechanic may perform and approve for return to service an airframe or engine following a 100-hour inspection.
What type of work may a certificated mechanic perform?
A mechanic may perform or supervise maintenance, preventative maintenance, or alterations.
How can you determine if a drawing has been changed?
A record of the change is listed either in a revision block or in ruled columns, which may be in a corner of the drawing or next to the title block.
What are the privileges and limitations of an A&P mechanic regarding major repairs and alterations to airframes and engines, and their approval for return to service?
A&P mechanics may perform major repairs and alterations but may not approve them for return to service unless they hold an Inspection Authorization.
What is the purpose of Alodine?
Alodine is a chemical process that deposits a protective film on aluminum alloys. This film improves corrosion resistance and paint adhesion.
Are all three states of matter affected by thermal expansion and if so, which state is affected most?
All three states are affected, with gases being most affected.
For what reason should you avoid cleaning anodized aluminum surfaces with aluminum metal polish?
Aluminum metal polish should not be used on anodized aluminum surfaces because it will remove the oxide coat.
How are dimensions shown on aircraft drawings, and what is their purpose?
Dimension lines are usually solid and generally broken at the midpoint for insertion of the measurement. They provide a means to accurately represent the size of an object.
How do you convert a fraction into a decimal?
Divide the top number (numerator) by the bottom number (denominator).
How should you account for fuel when weighing an aircraft to determine weight and balance?
Either drain the fuel system until only the unusable fuel remains, or fill the tanks full and subtract out the weight of the useable fuel.
What federal aviation regulations prescribes the requirements for issuance of a type certificate?
FAR (14 CFR) Part 21
What part of the FARs described the performance characteristics that a small aircraft must demonstrate in order to be airworthy?
FAR (14 CFR) Part 23
What part of the FARs describes the airworthiness standards for Transport Category airplanes?
FAR (14 CFR) Part 25
How can you determine if the repair of damage is a major or minor repair?
FAR (14 CFR) Part 43 Appendix A defines major and minor repairs as well as preventative maintenance.
What publication should a mechanic consult to determine if a repair is considered major or minor?
FAR (14 CFR) Part 43, Appendix A.
Where do you find the minimum scope and detail requirements that a 100-hour inspection checklist must contain?
FAR (14 CFR) Part 43, Appendix D
If a mechanic wishes to develop a checklist for an annual or 100-hour inspection, what publication contains the guidelines for the required inspection items?
FAR (14 CFR) Part 43, Appendix D contains the scope and detail of an inspection checklist.
In what publication may a mechanic find an example of a maintenance record entry for a 100-hour inspection?
FAR (14 CFR) Part 43.11
Where in the FARs will you find the certification requirements for mechanics?
FAR (14 CFR) Part 65
What regulation authorizes a certificated mechanic who holds an Inspection Authorization to approve or disapprove a major repair or alteration?
FAR (14 CFR) Part 65.95
What is meant by "clearance" when used on aircraft drawings?
An allowable dimension between two parts.
What is the difference between an "allowance" and a "tolerance"?
An allowance is the difference between the nominal dimension and the maximum and minimum permissible sizes. The tolerance is the difference between the extreme permissible dimensions, which may be found by adding the plus and minus allowances.
What persons are authorized to make the required maintenance entry approving the return to service after a progressive inspection is performed at a location other than the aircraft's home base?
An applicable certificated mechanic. An appropriately rated repair station. The aircraft manufaturer.
What are some of the possible outcomes of using a lower grade of avgas than the specified grade?
An increased chance of engine damage due to detonation, loss of engine power, and increased probability of overheating.
Define inductance.
An induced voltage which is opposite in direction to the applied voltage.
What is the term that describes the angle between the relative wind and the chord line of an airfoil?
Angle of Attack
What is ballast, and why would you use it in an airplane?
Ballast is weight added to an airplane to bring its C.G. into the allowable or desired range.
Installation of several new radios in the nose of an aircraft causes the forward C.G. limit to be exceeded. How can you correct this problem without removing the new equipment?
Ballast may be installed in the tail to move the C.G. aft.
Describe the important precautions that should be observed when fueling an aircraft.
Be certain you are using the correct fuel, properly ground the aircraft and refueling unit, and protect the aircraft surfaces from hose and nozzle damage.
How can you determine that an aircraft part or appliance you receive is serviceable?
By an approval for return to service in the maintenance record for the part of appliance. With a completed Form 337.
How do you work harden a piece of metal?
By cold working the metal.
How does the FAA notify aircraft owners of unsafe conditions that must be corrected?
By issuing Airworthiness Directives.
In what way are AN standard steel bolts identified?
By the code markings on the bolt head.
How are flexible hose sizes designated?
By the inside diameter, measured in 1/16th inch increments.
What is a common method of making computations involving very large or very small numbers more manageable?
Convert the numbers into scientific notation by using powers of 10.
What are some of the materials that are commonly used as the reinforcing component in a composite structure?
Fiberglass, aramid (Kevlar), graphite (carbon) fiber, linen and paper.
How does blade flapping help to compensate for dissymmetry of lift in helicopter main rotor systems?
Flapping increases the angle of attack and lift on the retreating blade and decreases the angle of attack and lift on the advancing blade.
How do you tell a flareless fitting from a flare-type fitting?
Flareless fittings don't have a flare cone and there is no space between the threads and the end of the fitting.
What formula expresses the relationship between force, pressure and area?
Force = Area x Pressure
Work is the product of what two factors?
Force and distance moved.
For what reasons should a micrometer be periodically calibrated?
If dropped, its accuracy may be affected, OR If the spindle is over-tightened, the frame may be sprung, OR Continually sliding objects between the anvil and the spindle may wear the surfaces.
How can you keep heat treated aluminum alloy rivets soft enough to install after the quenching process?
If the rivets are stored in a freezer they will remain soft for several days.
If a piece of equipment such as a radio is added to an aircraft, how can you determine the effect on weight and balance without re-weighing the aircraft?
If the weight and balance records are up to date, a new weight and C.G. location can be determined by computation.
What is meant by the term "Hot Start" when starting a jet engine?
Ignition occurs with an excessively rich mixture, leading to a rapid temperature rise that can exceed the exhaust gas temperature limit.
Describe the two most common ways of showing the C.G. location and/or C.G. range.
In inches from the datum or in percent of MAC.
Where can the standard aircraft taxi hand signals be found?
In the Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM).
In what FAA publication could you find a list of engines approved for use in a specific make and model of airplane?
In the Type Certificate Data Sheets and/or Aircraft Specifications
Where should a 100-hour inspection be recorded?
In the appropriate maintenance record for the airframe, powerplant, propeller or appliance.
What are the reasons that alloy steel that is responsive to heat treatment is usually less suitable for welding?
It may become brittle and lose its ductility in the area of the weld.
What does the number 100 signify in 100LL aviation gasoline?
It refers to the lean mixture number (octane rating) of the fuel.
What are two reasons that might cause a nickel-cadmium battery to fail to deliver its rated capacity?
Faulty cells or cell imbalance
Explain how thermoplastic and thermosetting resins are commonly used in modern aircraft.
Plexiglass is a thermoplastic resin commonly used for windshields and windows. Thermosetting resins are most often used as the matrix material in composite structures.
Name one of the types of resin commonly used as a matrix material for aircraft composite laminates.
Polyester resin or Epoxy resin.
What are the customary units used to express hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in the United States?
Pounds per square inch (PSI)
What is the principal advantage of AC current over DC current?
Power can be transmitted over long distances more efficiently and with smaller wires because the voltage can be easily increased or decreased by a transformer.
Describe how pressure is transmitted when a force is applied to a confined liquid.
Pressure is transmitted equally in all directions.
What is the term used to describe the ratio between the amount of moisture actually present in the atmosphere as compared to the amount the air could hold if it were completely saturated?
Relative Humidity
What should be done to obtain a negative moment aft of the datum?
Remove Weight
What should be done to obtain a positive moment forward of the datum?
Remove weight
What are the two types of fluid lines commonly found in aircraft?
Rigid metal lines and flexible hoses.
For what types of applications are self-locking nuts not allowed?
Self-locking nuts may not be used when either the bolt or the nut is subject to rotation.
DC circuits can take one of three forms or types. What are they?
Series Parallel Complex (series-parallel)
What kinds of publications are used by aircraft manufacturers to notify owners of design defects and product improvements?
Service bulletins, Service Letters, and Service Instructions
What are the most significant differences between AN and AC fittings?
Sleeve length, thread pitch, and the shoulder between the threads and the flare cone of AN fittings.
What type of cleaning agents should be used to remove grease, oil or fuel from aircraft tires?
Soap and water.
What are some of the more common light-duty cleaning agents?
Soap or detergents and water.
Matter exists in what three states?
Solid, liquid, gas (not relevant to the book, but Plasma and Bose-Einstein condensates are also states of matter)
What materials are commonly used as heavy duty cleaners?
Solvents and emulsions.
Describe the basic steps for conducting a magnetic particle inspection.
Magnetize the part, then coat the surface with ferromagnetic particles. If a defect or discontinuity is present, the particles align with the discontinuity forming a visible pattern.
How do you change a decimal into the nearest equivalent fraction?
Multiply the decimal by the desired denominator. The result becomes the numerator in the fraction.
How do you find the square of a number? Give an example.
Multiply the number by itself. Example: 4x4=16
As a cetificated mechanic, will you automatically receive all ADs?
No. ADs are automatically sent only to registered aircraft owners.
Is a mechanic allowed to repair or alter an aircraft instrument?
No. Mechanics may not perform any repairs or alterations on instruments.
May a mechanic supervise an inspection (or a portion of an inspection) and then approve the aircraft for return to service?
No. The mechanic approving the aircraft for return to service must actually perform the inspection.
What are Advisory Circulars?
Non-regulatory information of interest to the aviation public.
Is a certificated airframe mechanic allowed to perform maintenance on engines?
Not unless they are supervised by a certificated powerplant mechanic.
Describe the tools that should be used to remove corrosion from anodized aluminum surfaces.
Nylon scrubber pads such as Scotch-BriteTM, bristle brushes, aluminum wool or aluminum wire brushes.
If a mechanic's certificate is revoked, how long must he/she wait before applying for a new certificate?
One year unless the revocation order states otherwise.
How many views are required to represent the important details of most aircraft parts?
One, two or three views are usually enough.
Under what conditions may automobile gasoline be used in an aircraft engine?
Only if approved by the FAA, usually by the issuance of a Supplemental Type Certificate (STC).
What maintenance record entries are required to contain the aircraft total time in service?
Only records of inspections require the total time.
Who has the authority to rebuild an aircraft engine and return the operating time to zero?
Only the engine manufacturer or an overhaul facility approved by the manufacturer.
What type of precision measuring instruments can be used to measure the outside dimensions of aircraft parts?
Outside micrometers and Vernier calipers.
What kinds of parts can be represented by one-view drawings?
Parts with uniform thickness such as shims, plates and gaskets.
Define Pi.
Pi is a constant that defines the relationship between the circumference and the diameter of a circle. Approximately equal to 3.1416
In DC circuits, what unit measures power?
Watts
When may a mechanic perform an annual inspection and return the aircraft to service?
When the mechanic holds an Inspection Authorization.
Under what circumstances is compliance with a manufacturer's service bullet mandatory?
When the service bulletin is incorporated into an AD (or other approved data).
You must apply a correction to the specific gravity reading of the electrolyte of a lead-acid battery when the temperature is outside of what two values?
Whenever the temperature is less than 70° F or more than 90° F.
How do you divide one fraction by another?
You invert the divisor and multiply the numerators together and the denominators together.
What is the key step that must be performed in order to add or subtract unlike fractions?
You must find the lowest common denominator.
What are the requirements for recent experience in order to exercise the privilege's of your mechanic's certificate or rating?
You must have worked as a mechanic or technically supervised other mechanics for at least 6 months out of the past 24 months.
What are your requirements as an aircraft mechanic when you have a change of address?
You must notify the FAA in writing within 30 days of any change to your permanent address.
When installing stainless steel tubing, what type of fittings should be used?
Stainless steel fittings.
What are the factors that cause an airplane wing to stall?
Stall is caused when the angle of attack exceeds a critical value and the airflow separates from the upper surface of the wing and becomes turbulent.
What documents must be prepared when a required inspection is performed and defects are found which render the aircraft or engine unairworthy?
The required maintenance entries must be made and a list of discrepancies and un-airworthy items must be furnished to the owner.
Describe the result of adding a large positive number and a smaller negative number.
The result is a smaller positive number, and is the same as ignoring the signs and subtracting the smaller number from the larger.
What are the indications of water in aircraft fuel after draining a sample from the fuel sumps?
The sample may have a cloudy or hazy appearance or a solid slug of water.
What is the effect of over tightening a flare type fitting?
The sealing surface may be damaged or the flare cut off.
When an aircraft is sold, what do the regulations require regarding the disposition of records that contain the current status of Airworthiness Directives?
The seller must transfer the records to the buyer at the time of sale.
Describe the two types of flares commonly used on aircraft tubing.
The single flare and the double flare.
Why are piano-type hinges prime spots for corrosion?
The steel pin and aluminum hinge material are dissimilar metals and the hinges design tends to trap moisture and contaminants.
Describe the steps involved in a dye penetrant inspection.
The surface is cleaned, and then penetrant is applied and allowed to dwell for a specified time. The penetrant is then removed with an emulsifier or cleaner. Once removed the part is dried and then developer is applied. The results are then inspected and interpreted.
What property of an AC circuit is defined by the term impedance?
The total opposition to current flow.
When towing an aircraft, should you use the tow vehicle or aircraft brakes to stop the aircraft?
The tow vehicle brakes should be used except in an emergency - then the aircraft brakes may be used.
What happens to the tube when a flareless fitting is overtightened?
The tube is weakened when the nut drives the cutting edge of the sleeve too deeply into the tube.
What precautions must be observed when deburring the end of a tube after it is cut?
The wall thickness must not be reduced in size or fractured.
How do you determine the moment of an item of equipment?
The weight of the item is multiplied by its arms, which is the distance between the item and the datum.
The marking requirements for oil tank filler openings are specified by FAR 23.1157. What markings are required for a piston engine powered airplane?
The word "OIL" and the permissible grades and/or types or a reference to the appropriate Airplane Flight Manual for permissible grades and/or types.
Why are Airworthiness Directives issued?
To correct unsafe conditions found in aircraft, engines, propellers, or appliances.
Why are quick disconnect fittings used?
To provide a quick means to connect or disconnect a fluid line without loss of fluid or entrance of air into the system.
Why is control of the weight and balance of an aircraft important?
To provide maximum safety.
When completion of FAA Form 337 is required, how many copies are normally prepared and what is their distribution?
Two singed copies. One is given to the aircraft owner and one is sent to the local FAA Flight Standards District Office (FSDO) within 48 hours of the approval of return to service.
Name the three methods of heat transfer?
conduction, convection, radiation
What component creates capacitance in AC circuits?
capacitor
What are the visible signs of fretting corrosion?
The corrosion residue has a dark, smoky appearance and often appears around and streaming back from rivet heads.
If you need to determine the serviceable dimensional limits for an engine part, what publication would you consult?
The current engine manufacturer's overhaul manual.
What is the datum of an aircraft and what is its function?
The datum is an imaginary vertical plane at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the airplane. It is the reference point from which all horizontal measurements are taken.
When performing an inspection required by FAR (14 CFR) Part 91, what rotorcraft systems must be inspected in accordance with the manufacturer's maintenance manual or instructions for continued airworthiness?
The drive shafts of similar systems. The main rotor transmission gearbox for obvious defects. The main rotor and center section. The auxiliary rotor on helicopters.
What is the reason for having separate facilities for storing and servicing nickel-cadmium and lead-acid batteries?
The electrolyte in the two types of batteries is chemically opposite and the fumes from one type can contaminate the electrolyte of the other type.
How does a capacitor store electricity?
The energy is stored in the form of an electrostatic charge or field that exists between two conductors separated by an insulator.
Part 92.973 of the FAA regulations specifies that certain markings must be placed adjacent to fuel filler openings. What markings are used for reciprocating engine-powered airplanes?
The filler openings must be marked with the fuel grade and the word "AVGAS."
If you fabricate a replacement for a flexible hose, what percentage of the total length must be added to allow for movement under pressure?
5 to 8 percent.
A wheelbarrow is an example of what class of lever?
A Second-Class lever First Class - Teeter Totter Third Class - Tongs
Name at least one cause of filliform corrosion.
1) Improper or incomplete curing of a wash primer prior to painting. 2) Failure to completely wash off acidic surface contamination.
One kilowatt is equal to how many watts?
1,000 watts
What items must be entered into the aircraft records after maintenance is performed?
1. A description of the work performed and/or reference to acceptable data. 2. The date the work was completed. 3. The signature (and print), certificate number and type of certificate of the person approving the aircraft for return to service.
Give one advantage of pre-preg (pre-impregnated) materials, other than saving time in the construction or repair of composite components.
1. Pre-preg fabrics contain the correct amount of matrix. 2. The matrix material evenly and completely permeates the reinforcing fibers. 3. The matrix has the resin and hardener in the correct proportions.
Name at least three forms of corrosion.
1. Surface. 2. Intergranular 3. Filliform 4. Dissimilar metal (or galvanic) 5. Oxidation. 6. Pitting 7. Stress. 8. Fretting
Give at least three examples of the factors that cause or influence corrosion.
1. The environmental conditions. 2. The presence of dissimilar metals. 3. The type of metal. 4. The presence of electrolytes and/or contaminates. 5. The condition of protective coatings.
A full charged lead-acid battery has a specific gravity that varies between what two values?
1.275 and 1.300
The penetration of a fillet weld should be what percentage of the thickness of the base metal?
25 to 50 percent
What is the atmospheric pressure at sea level on a standard day?
29.92 Hg (inches of mercury) 1013.2 millibars
On a standard day at sea level, what is the value for temperature?
59° F 15° C
What is the approximate speed of sound at sea level on a standard day?
661 Knots 340 Meters per Second 761.2 Miles per hour
What are the two primary factors that may cause development of stress corrosion cracks?
A corrosive environment and sustained tensile stress.
What is the name for a part of a drawing used to bring out important details and how is it drawn?
A detailed view, which is usually drawn to a larger scale than the main drawing.
In addition to performing maintenance, what other privileges are granted to a powerplant mechanic?
A powerplant mechanic may perform a 100-hour inspection on an engine and approve the engine for return to service.
Is a person with a private pilot's certificate allowed to perform maintenance and, if so, what are his/her limitations?
A pilot may perform preventative maintenance in accordance with FAR (14 CFR) Part 43.3, 43.7 and Appendix A on an airplane owned by the pilot. He or she can also approve the aircraft for return to service following the maintenance.
What are the parts of a lever?
A rigid bar and a pivot point called the fulcrum.
What is meant by the root of a number?
A root is two or more equal smaller numbers that, when multiplied together, equal the specified number.
What three elements are required to form an electrical circuit?
A source of electrical energy (battery), a load or resistance to use the electricity (light), and wires or conductors to connect the source to the load.
What is a proportion?
A statement of equality between two or more ratios.
Describe the primary difference between a thermosetting and a thermoplastic resin.
A thermosetting resin doesn't soften when heated and chars or burns rather than melting. Thermoplastic resins become soft and pliable when heated, and harden when cooled.
Describe a trapezoid.
A trapezoid is a closed, four-sided figure having two parallel sides and two sides that are not parallel.
What publication might you consult for guidance when maintaining an old aircraft for which no maintenance manual exists?
AC 43.13-1B or its latest revision.
How can you determine if a fitting is an AN type rather than an AC type?
AN fittings have a shoulder between the flare cone and the end of the threads, AC fittings do not.
What term defines the temperature at which all molecular motion ceases?
Absolute Zero
What should be done to obtain a negative moment forward of the datum?
Add weight
What should be done to obtain a positive moment aft of the datum?
Add weight.
How does the category of an aircraft affect its loaded weight?
Aircraft certificated in more than one category, such as Normal and Aerobatic, may have two different maximum gross weights and different useful loads.
What are the ratings issued under a mechanic's certificate?
Airframe and Powerplant
As you prepare an aircraft for weighing, you determine that there is equipment aboard that is not permanently installed and recorded on the equipment list. What should you do with this equipment?
All equipment not permanently installed in the aircraft or included on the equipment list should be removed from the aircraft.
Define the term "residual fuel"?
Any fuel that remains in the tanks, lines, and engines, after the system has been drained.
Define the term "residual oil".
Any oil that remains in the tanks, lines, and engines, after the system has been drained.
Define matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
What is the formula for computing the area of a circle?
Area = Pi (radius squared) Area = πr²
If a mixture of aviation gasoline and jet fuel is used in a reciprocating aircraft engine, what are the possible results?
Avgas contaminated by jet fuel must not be used in piston engines - the engine may be damaged or destroyed.
Discuss the general precautions that should be observed when washing an airplane.
Avoid or protect areas, which may be damaged or contaminated, such as: Pitot and static ports, hinges, sealed areas, and bearings.
What safety procedures must be observed when hand-propping a small aircraft engine?
Become thoroughly trained. Have a qualified person in the cockpit, check the brakes, call "SWITCH OFF" before moving the prop, and make sure you have solid footing. When ready to start, call "CONTACT" and listen for the reply. Swing the prop with the flat of your hand and move back from the prop arc.
What are the visible signs of filliform corrosion?
Blistered paint surfaces or worm or thread-like tracks or patterns under the paint.
What is the difference between a close tolerance bolt and a general purpose bolt?
Close tolerance bolts are machined to more accurate dimensions.
If the maintenance procedures do not specify a torque value for a bolt or nut, how can you determine the proper values?
Consult a standard torque table such as found in AC 43.13-1B.
What should a mechanic do if his or her temporary certificate is about to expire?
Contact a local FAA office and seek assistance.
If an engine induction fire occurs while starting a reciprocating engine, what procedure should be followed to extinguish the fire?
Continue cranking the engine to start it and suck the fire into the engine. If the engine doesn't start and the fire continues to burn, discontinue the start attempt and extinguish the fire with a suitable fire extinguisher.
How do you convert a fraction into a percent?
Convert it to a decimal, move the decimal point two places to the right and add the percent sign.
How does the airflow through the main rotor of a helicopter change during the transition from normal flight to autorotation?
During normal flight the air moves downward and during autorotation the air moves upward.
How would you write Ohm's law as an equation?
E = I x R R = E ÷ I I = E ÷ R
Describe the operation of quick disconnect couplings.
Each half has a valve that is held open when coupled and is spring-loaded closed when disconnected.
What is the most commonly used type of aircraft control cable?
Extra flexible 7 x 19 stainless steel cable.
How does the C.G range of a helicopter compare to that of a fixed-wing airplane?
Helicopters typically have a much smaller C.G. range.
Describe the appearance of lines used to show hidden views, alternate positions and the middle of symmetrical objects, and give their proper name.
Hidden views are shown with hidden lines, which are short, evenly spaced dashes. Alternate positions are shown with phantom lines made up of light, alternating long dashes and two short dashes. Center lines, consisting of alternating long and short dashes, show the middle of symmetrical objects.
If the resistance in a DC circuit remains the same but the voltage doubles, what happens to the amount of current flowing in the circuit?
It also doubles.
What is the purpose of an aircraft loading graph?
It is a method for determining how to distribute the load so as to keep the C.G. within allowable limits.
Describe an orthographic projection.
It is a way of drawing an object using different views at right angles to each other, such as a top, front, and side view.
What are some of the important advantages of Teflon tubing?
It is compatible with nearly every liquid, has a broad operating temperature range, low resistance to fluid flow and has a very long shelf and service life.
Is there any requirement for cleaning an aircraft prior to an annual or 100 hour inspection?
It is not only good, common sense, but it is a legal requirement as specified in FAR Part 43 Appendix D.
Can liquids be compressed?
No, liquids are generally considered incompressible.
What is the best way to protect piano hinges from corrosion?
Keep then clean and properly lubricated.
Define kinetic energy
Kinetic energy is the energy of motion.
Where are leveling instructions found, and describe one method of leveling an aircraft?
Leveling instructions are found in the Type Certificate Data Sheets. An aircraft may be leveled using a spirit level at specified points, or an aircraft may be leveled by using a plumb bob from a designated point along with a leveling scale or protractor.
What are the principle effects that result from lowering the flaps while in flight?
Lift increases, drag increases, and stall speed decreases.
What are the Four principle forces acting on an airplane in flight?
Lift, drag, thrust and gravity
Why should an aircraft technician become familiar with standard light signals?
Light signals may be used when taxiing an airplane without a radio or when a radio becomes inoperative on a tower controlled airport.
Is it permissible to use avgas in a turbine engine?
Limited operation may be allowed by the manufacturer. Continued use may reduce efficiency due to lead deposits on the turbine blades.
Define the term "Mean Aerodynamic Chord" or MAC.
Mean Aerodynamic Chord is the chord drawn through the center of the wing plan area.
What are two ways of determining the arm of an item of equipment?
Measure the distance between the item and the datum, or use data supplied by the manufacturer.
Describe the method of classifying metal tube according to size.
Metal tubing is sized according to wall thickness and outside diameter. Outside diameter is measured in 1/16th inch increments.
What are the preferred cleaners for plastic surfaces such as windshields?
Mild soap and water or a manufacturer approved cleaner.
What law describes the most fundamental or basic relationships in an electrical circuit?
Ohm's Law
What is the cause of hydraulic lock in large radial engines?
Oil seeps by the piston rings and accumulates in the combustion chamber of lower cylinders. When a piston comes up on its compression stroke, the incompressible liquid seizes it.
Under what conditions should a reciprocating engine be pre-oiled?
Prior to starting a new engine or one that has been preserved for storage. This ensure adequate lubrication on initial startup.
What procedure should be followed prior to starting a large radial engine to detect and/or prevent a hydraulic lock in cylinders?
Pull the propeller through by hand for three or four complete revolutions. Resistance to the prop turning indicates a possible hydraulic lock in at least one of the cylinders.
Why should aircraft fabrics and plastics be cleaned only with recommended cleaners?
Recommended cleaners cause the least amount of deterioration or damage.
What formula is used to find the area of a rectangle and of a triangle?
Rectangle: Area = Length x Width Triangle: Area - 1/2 (Base x Height)
What are three causes of opposition to current flow in an AC circuit?
Resistance, inductive reactance and capacitive reactance.
Describe the effects of using steel brushes or steel wool to remove corrosion from aluminum surfaces.
Steel brushes or steel wool must not be used to clean aluminum because steel particles can become embedded in the aluminum and cause corrosion.
Describe the precautions that should be taken to protect life and property while starting and running an aircraft engine.
Study the procedures in the Airplane Flight Manual. Be sure the propeller or inlet area is clear and check for loose stones, gravel, etc. that could be sucked into the prop or engine. Also ensure that the prop or jet blast doesn't blow into hangars or other airplanes, and have a fire guard nearby.
Why do manufacturers use symbols on aircraft drawings?
Symbols are a form of shorthand and are used to convey the characteristics of a component with a minimum of drawing.
Define "tare weight" and describe how it is handled when weighing an aircraft.
Tare weight is the weight of anything on the scales that is not part of the aircraft. It must be subtracted from the scale weight reading to determine the net weight of the airplane.
What are the factors that determine density altitude?
Temperature and atmospheric pressure.
How do you determine the timeframe within which AD compliance is required?
The AD contains the compliance time or period for completing the corrective action.
What publication would you consult to determine an aircraft's (or engine's or propeller's) type design and its limitations?
The Type Certificate Data Sheets and/or Aircraft Specifications
What is the name of the manual that the manufacturer provides to technicians who normally perform work on the systems and components of an aircraft?
The aircraft maintenance manual.
Records of a major alteration must be made in what two places?
The aircraft maintenance records and FAA Form 337.
If an aircraft is loaded so that the aft C.G. limit is exceeded, what undesirable flight characteristic is likely to result?
The aircraft will be tail-heavy and may be unable to recover from a stall or a spin.
If all the records for an aircraft are missing, how would you determine the empty weight and empty weight C.G.?
The aircraft would have to be weighed, and new weight and balance records have to be prepared.
What is a British Thermal Unit?
The amount of heat energy required to change the temperature of 1 pound of water 1 degree Fahrenheit.
What are the penalties for making fraudulent or intentionally false entries in any required record or report?
The applicable airmen certificate(s) can be suspended or revoked.
A correctly made butt weld will have what bead width and how much penetration?
The bead width should be 3 to 5 times the thickness of the base metal and there must be 100% penetration.
What is the most generally used knot for tying down small aircraft?
The bowline (although other anti-slip knots may be used).
What is the duration of a mechanic's certificate?
The certificate is valid until surrendered, suspended or revoked.
How can you determine if a flexible hose has been correctly or incorrectly installed?
The lay line will be straight if the hose is properly installed. A twisted lay line indicates an incorrect installation.
What is the grip length of a bolt?
The length of the unthreaded portion.
In addition to being securely clamped, what is an additional requirement for installing metal fuel, oil and hydraulic lines?
The lines must be electrically bonded to the structure.
What is indicated by the markings on the heads of solid shank rivets?
The material that they are made of, and indirectly, their strength.
Who is responsible for ensuring that only the most current information is used when performing maintenance on an aircraft?
The person performing the maintenance.
Name at least three possible hazards that may be encountered during typical ground operations, such as during engine run-up or taxiing?
The possibility of fire, especially during engine starting. Turning props, rotors, prop or jet blast and inlet areas. Other aircraft, vehicles, people and obstacles. Foreign objects such as rocks, gravel, rags, or loose hardware. High noise levels that might cause hearing damage. Hydraulic lock in radial engines. Weathervaning of tailwheel aircraft.
What are the names of the parts of a flare-less tube fitting?
The nut and the ferrule or sleeve.
What is the function of the sleeve on a flared-tube fitting?
The nut fits over the sleeve and draws the sleeve and the tubing flare tightly against the male fitting to form the seal.
What is friction?
The opposition to relative motion between two objects in contact with each other.
What kinds of information about an aircraft drawing can be found in the title block?
The part or assembly name, drawing size, scale, date, company name, name or initials of the people responsible for creating or approving the drawing.
What process occurs during the preparation stage of a dye penetrant inspection when the penetrating liquid is applied, and then removed from a cracked part?
The penetrant enters the crack by capillary action and remains there until made visible by the developer.
What person makes the final maintenance record entry after a 100-hour inspection is completed?
The person approving the aircraft for return to service.
The state of charge of a nickel-cadmium battery cannot be determined by measuring the specific gravity of the electrolyte for what reason?
There is no significant change in the specific gravity of the electrolyte at the battery is charged or discharged.
What is the purpose of a schematic drawing?
They are primarily used for troubleshooting systems.
How are AD updates issues to subscribers to the Summary of Airworthiness Directives?
Through bi-weekly supplements
For what period of time must an aircraft owner maintain the records of a 100-hour inspection?
Until the work is superseded or for one year after the inspection.
What are some of the non-destructive testing methods that may be used on aluminum parts?
Visual, dye penetrant, eddy current, ultrasonic testing and radiography.
What electrical values are measured by a typical multimeter?
Voltage, current (amperes) and resistance.
What are the three elements of Ohm's Law?
Voltage, current (amps), and resistance.
What is the function of a wing mounted vortex generator?
Vortex generators delay or keep the airflow from separating from the upper surface of a wing during high speed flight.
How do the regulations define "time-in-service" in regard to maintenance record entries?
With respect to maintenance entries, "time-in-service" begins when the aircraft leaves the surface of the earth until it touches it at the next point of landing.
Are there any circumstances when more than two copies of form 337 are required, and if so, when?
Yes. Three copies are required when a fuel tank is installed in the passenger or baggage compartment. The third copy must be kept aboard the aircraft.
How often is the summary of ADs published?
every two years