KAS 1: FINALS TGBTG

Plus Ultra

"further beyond" - Charles V motto and phrase that represents reaching into the new world and into the further beyond

Juan de Salcedo

"the last of the Conquistadores." In May 1572, Salcedo led an exploration expedition of 45 Spaniards northward

Enconmendia

'encomendar' (to trust); form of grant; given by Spanish King to meritorious Spaniards to have authority over parts of land; granted authority to control land;

La Immaculada Concepcion

1859; upon the return of Jesuits from expulsion

Ateneo Municipalidad de Manila

1865/from La Immaculada

boys/girls

2 primary schools for ages 6-15 y/o

2 in Mexico; 2 in Manila

4 ships in Pacific

Search for the returned route

After Magellan's death, the survivors, in two ships, sailed on to the Moluccas and loaded the hulls with spice. One ship attempted, unsuccessfully, to return across the Pacific.

1. Alcalde Ordinario 2. Regidores (councilor) 3. Escribado (scribes) 4. Alguacil Mayor (chief constable of audiencia)

Ayuntamiento

July 17, 1550

Charles V issued a decree: mandating Spanish Colonies to establish schools

Rey De Espana

Civil and Spiritual Authority (through Royal Patronage)

Colegio de Nuestra Senora del Santissimo Rosario

College of Our Lady of the Holy Rosary; Dominican Univ; Royal and Pontifical UST (1611)

Conseho de Indios/Ministerio de ultramar

Composed of 6 to 10 appointed royal councilors Governed all the Spanish colonies in the King's name, and had legislative power Served as the court of appeals for the colonies

Magellan's Route

Discovered the Strait of Magellan and became the first European to cross the Pacific Ocean; using this route, they can go back to their own countries; can't cross South East Asia

1863

Educational degree; free, compulsory, publicly supported (system of educ); even before Americans arrived, Spaniards already planned to establish a public institution

1. Corregimientos 2. Real Audiencia 3. Alcaldia (Gobernadorcillo/Cabeza de Barangay)

Governador y Capitan General

Viceroy de Nueva Espana

Governed New Spain on the King's behalf

Juan de Plasencia

He was among the first group of Franciscan missionaries who arrived in the Islands on July 2, 1578

yo ebedezco pero no se cumple

I obey but do not carry out

Philippines

Indirect colonization; indirectly governed through a representative (Governador y Capitan General)

Governador y Capitan General

Initially exercised executive (as Governor), legislative, judicial (as President of the Audiencia), military (as Captain General), and ecclesiastical (as Vice Patron) powers By 1821 or 1875, the office became Governor General Appointed by the King with the advice of the council and probably the Viceroy prior to 1821 Balanced by the Audiencia

Remontados,ladrones monteses,cimarrones,and tulisanes

Kinds of Filipinos who resisted Christianity; system of plaza complex

Padrones

Labor agents who greeted immigrants and often exploited them; held by Cabeso de Barangay

1570-1571

Miguel Lopez de Legazpi sent Martin de Goiti and Capt. Juan de Salcedo on a reconnaissance trip to the island of Luzon and a thriving port town called Maynilad. On May 24, 1570, Goiti fired a cannon as a signal to another Spanish vessel in Manila Bay. But the local ruler, Rajah Sulayman, considered it a hostile act and called his warriors to battle, resulting in the defeat of Sulayman and burning of Maynilad

Legazpi's route

Northwards; Kurushio Current (catch the current); skipped islands (not able to discover islands like Hawaii);used for trading of the galleon

las Filipinas

Philippines

Encomienda De Particulares

Private; Captain, Jorge de Villalobos

1. lack of competent teachers 2. lack of textbooks 3. lack of facilities

Reasons for the Failure of Spanish Public School System

Reduccion

Resettlement policy of the Spaniards

Palacio del Gobernador

Residence and office of the governor general

1572

Route, ships--trade to Mexico; established Manila--Acapulco Trade (Galleon Trade)

La Insigne y siempre leal ciudad

Spain's Manila (1571-1898); In 1571, Manila became Spanish territory and the work of building up the main settlement began. On 24 June 1571, Miguel López de Legazpi declared Manila as a new capital for the Spanish colony in the Far East.

1. peninsulares 2. insulares 3. prinicipalia 4. indios 5. chinos

Spanish Colonial Caste (?)

1. Rey De Espana 2. Conseho de Indios/Ministerio de ultramar 3. Viceroy de Nueva Espana 4. Governador y Capitan General

Spanish Colonial Structure

Intramuros

Spanish Manila

Colegio de Santa Isabel

Spanish girls

1. Establishment of the Diocese of Manila 2. Abuses of the Colonizers in the first decade 3. Method in converting the natives

Synod of Manila Objectives; Juan de Plasencia

Reduccion

The grouping and resuction in number of formerly scattered barangays into compact and larger communities to facilitate religious conversion and cultural change.

Galleon Trade

When the Spaniards came to the Philippines, our ancestors were already trading with China, Japan, Siam, India, Cambodia, Borneo and the Moluccas. The Spanish government continued trade relations with these countries, and the Manila became the center of commerce in the East. The Spaniards closed the ports of Manila to all countries except Mexico. Thus, the Manila-Acapulco Trade, better known as the "Galleon Trade" was born. The Galleon Trade was a government monopoly. Only two galleons were used: One sailed from Acapulco to Manila with some 500,000 pesos worth of goods, spending 120 days at sea; the other sailed from Manila to Acapulco with some 250,000 pesos worth of goods spending 90 days at sea.

Roy Lopez de Villalobos

a Spanish explorer who sailed the Pacific from Mexico to establish a permanent foothold for Spain in the East Indies, which was near the Line of Demarcation between Spain and Portugal according to the Treaty of Zaragoza in 1529.

Enconmendia

a labor system instituted by the Spanish crown in the American colonies. In this system, a Spanish encomendero was granted a number of native laborers who would pay tributes to him in exchange for his protection.

Tuba

alcoholic beverage; entered the Mexican dictionary

Treaty of Zaragosa

also referred to as the Capitulation of Zaragoza, was a peace treaty between Castile and Portugal, signed on 22 April 1529 by King John III and the Emperor Charles V, in the Aragonese city of Zaragoza. The treaty defined the areas of Castilian and Portuguese influence in Asia, in order to resolve the "Moluccas issue", which had arisen because both kingdoms claimed the Moluccas islands for themselves, asserting that it was within their area of influence established by the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494.

Mapa de Almas

by parish priest; list of members, confession, contribution

Spanish Colonial Structure

centralized Spanish Gov

Cabildo

city council; first appointment (June 24 1572)

Synod of Manila

congregation of religious people; first bishop; A synod is a council assembled by the church wherein they decide matters of doctrine, administration, or application; 1582

Encomienda De La Real Corona

crown colony

Repartimiento System

divide, allot, assign; organize the society; division based on work (polo y servicios); division based on land (enconmendia)

Polo y Servicios

drafting of laborers; Filipino/Chinese Mestizos (16-60 y/o); obligated to render personal service to comm. projects [construction of galleons]; 40 days reduced to 15 days

1. son of head of brgy 2. terminal sickness 3. pwd 4. those who pay falla (absence) 5. students

exemptions

Beaterios

for rich girls; 1719; Compania de Jesus

1815

formal abolishment of Galleon trade; establishment of Real Compania de Filipinas(direct relation between PH and Spain)

Escuele Pia

geared for the poor boys

Plan General Economico

general economic plan; JOse Vasco y Vargas; Monopoly

1. spice 2. jewelry 3. silk 4. cotton 5. porcelain

goods collected

silk

goods that enter Mexico from Spain/China

Plaza Complex

grid pattern of streets with the main plaza at the center surrounded by the church, the tribunal, other government buildings, and the marketplace; public open space

Manila

had no Gobernadorcillo because of the Governador y Capitan General

Alcaldia

headed by Alcalde Mayor; can engage in trade; indulto de comercio (prone to abuse); abolished in the 19th century

Visita

headed by Visitador General

1. confiscation of property 2. heavy fine 3. imprisonment

if one is found guilty of misconduct

1864-1865

immaculada-Ateneo/Ayutamiento-Colegio de Ninas

exchange of culture

inclusion of trading products

Residencia

judicial review; Juez de Recidencia; abolished in the 19th century; Cadiz Consti (1812)

Boleta

license to Trade

1. reduced ships 2. clearance of port

limitations in entering Mexico (1 in Mexico, 1 in Manila)

Alcalde Mayor

local official during the Spanish period; acted as judge and handled local affairs

Entradas

military; 8 reales in kind/cash (ivory, silk, porcelain, cotton, abaca ,pina fiber, slaves, wine

1. Rowers of Galleon 2. cutting of logs

most hated work

Kolehiyo de San El de Fonso

oldest univ; expelled in 1559; too close to the pope

Battle of Bangkusay

on June 3, 1571, was a naval engagement that marked the last resistance by locals to the Spanish Empire's occupation and colonization of the Pasig River delta, which had been the site of the indigenous polities of Maynila and Tondo

Residenciado

one being judged

Martin de Goiti

one of the soldiers who accompanied the Spanish colonization of the East Indies and the Pacific, in 1565.

encomendero

pacificadores; head of enconmenda; entrusted to encomendado; assist friars; collect tributes

1. enconmienda 2. alcaldia 3. hacienda

political changes

Opium Monopoly

poppy plant; extract white substance; collected; polvorized; made intro balls for medicinal purposes; depressant; 19th century; mass production because of world commerce; infux of Chinese migrants; prohibition in 1814 (moral use, economic use) to maintain economy; contratista (every 3 years); Spanish benefits;

Vice Real Patron

power over Ecclesiastical appointments

Governador y Capitan General

president of audiencia;vicereal patron; supervise missionary works; commanding chief of army and navy; can veto laws

Colegio de Ninas

primary municipal girls school; 1864; ayutamiento de Manila

1759

problems in operation; Jesuit suppression (meddling with the state affairs)

1. cocoa 2. camachile 3. black nazarene 4. tianquitzli (change)

products shipped to Manila

limpieza de sangre

purity of blood

1. conservatism 2. practical

reasons for exclusivity

reduccir

reduccion plan

The Tobacco Monopoly

refers to the 1782 economic program of Spanish Governor General Jose V. Basco, in which tobacco production in the Philippines was under total control of the government

bajo elson dela campana

resettle under the sound of church bells;tame reluctant Filipinos through indoctrination (corregir)

Indulto de Comercio

right to engage in trade

Justicia y Instruccion

social order(governance)

Colegio de Ninos

sons of native ruling elite; 1596; replaced by Colegio de Manila; lasted 5 years

Domingo de Salazar

the first bishop of the Philippines, alarmed by reports from Filipinos themselves on the abuses they were suffering at the hands of Spanish officials and soldiers, convoked what has come to be known as the first Synod of Manila.

Ayuntamiento/cabildo

the general term for the town council, or cabildo, of a municipality or, sometimes, as is often the case in Spain and Latin America, for the municipality itself.

La Tornaruelta Viage

the returned route; next 250 years

corregir

to correct;discipline

Gobernadorcillo

town mayor; highest position given to a Filipino; election/appointment; Filipino/25 yrs+/literate in Spanish/Cabeza de Brgy experience

Pueblos

towns; headed by Gobernadorcillo (petty governor)

Corregimientos

unpacified zones; some places need correction; headed by Corregidor Military Governor (corrector)

a la ley se acata, pero no se compleu

we severe the law but don't carry it out

lower prices

why China is more preferable

situado real

will be given to Spanish gov