KBAT: Imperialism

Sphere of Influence

A Sphere of Influence is an area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges.

Colony

A colony is a territory that is legally tied to a sovereign state rather than being completely independent.

Protectorate

A protectorate is a country with its own government but under the control of an outside power.

Trade defecit

A trade deficit is a situation in which a country imports more than it exports.

Trade surplus

A trade surplus is when a country exports more than it imports.

Describe the causes, key events, and outcomes of major conflicts, including the Opium War, Spanish-American War, Sino-Japanese War, Sepoy Rebellion, and the Boxer Rebellion.

All of these conflicts were caused by a country rejecting imperialism or an unequal trade agreement. In many cases, the European power emerged victorious due to better weapons and more advanced tools. This helped making countries stronger for the most part.

Annex

Annex means to add on or attach something.

Balance of Trade

Balance of trade is the difference between how much a country imports and how much it exports.

Explain the political and economic impact of key canals, including the Suez Canal and the Panama Canal.

Both the Suez and Panama Canals helped open up new trade opportunities for multiple countries, but at the same time, sparked new conflicts. This could affect their ways of trade.

Summarize Britain's influence and dominance in Asia, including India and China.

Britain controlled China mainly through controlling their trade, and what is traded. Additionally, they controlled nearly all aspects of India after dominating the continent. These aspects included culture, partitioning, and the indigenous people.

Cultural Diffusion

Cultural diffusion is the spread of cultural elements from one society to another.

Evaluate the impact of European imperialism, including how imperialism spread economic, political, and social philosophies of European culture throughout the world.

Due to Europe's expansion throughout the world, their culture, economy, and political influence also grew. Nearly all developed countries were either forced to adopt their culture, or they adopted it on their own. This could be forced or chosen.

Explain the causes of imperialism, including: the role of the Industrial Revolution and the advantages of European nations.

Due to the Industrial Revolution, people had more time to think about thriving, rather than just surviving/staying alive. With more resources, faster ways of doing things, and more efficient means of travel, European countries were able to easily take control of smaller, less advanced countries/regions.

Extraterritoriality

Extraterritoriality is the right of foreigners to be protected by the laws of their own nation.

Imperialism

Imperialism is a policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, socially, and economically.

Define imperialism.

Imperialism is the domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region.

Matthew Perry

Matthew Perry was an American naval commander who opened Japan to the West in 1854.

Meji Restoration

Meji Restoration was a period of modernization and westernization in Japan.

Muhammad Ali

Muhammad Ali was a leader of Egyptian modernization in the early nineteenth century. He ruled Egypt as an Ottoman governor, but had imperial ambitions. His descendants ruled Egypt until overthrown in 1952.

Open Door Policy

Open Door Policy was an American statement that the government did not want colonies in China, but favored free trade there.

Explain how Japan became a modern industrial power.

Rather than be forced to modernize, Japan chose to Westernize and modernize themselves. They knew it would have to happen eventually, but they didn't want an outside power to be in charge of that. They wanted to be able to be a stronger and better country.

Social Darwinism

Social Darwinism is the application of ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies. This was particularly used as a justification for imperialist expansion.

Boxer Uprising (Rebellion)

The Boxer Uprising (Rebellion) was an uprising in 1900 in which a group known as the Boxers assaulted foreigners across China to drive out their un-Chinese ways.

Monroe Doctrine

The Monroe Doctrine was a statement of foreign policy which proclaimed that Europe should not interfere in affairs within the United States or in the development of other countries in the Western Hemisphere.

Opium War

The Opium War was a conflict between Britain and the Qing Empire that was, in the British view, occasioned by the Qing government's refusal to permit the importation of opium into its territories; the victorious British imposed the one-sided Treaty of Nanking on China.

Panama Canal

The Panama Canal is a ship canal 40 miles long across the Isthmus of Panama, and it was built by the United States.

Sepoy Rebellion

The Sepoy Rebellion was a rebellion against English rule by Indian troops known as sepoys.

Sino-Japanese War

The Sino-Japanese war was a conflict between China and Japan for influence, power, and territory.

Suez Canal

The Suez Canal is a human-made waterway, which was opened in 1869, connecting the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. It provided new opportunities for trade.

Taiping Rebellion

The Taiping Rebellion was a revolt by the people of China against the ruling Manchu Dynasty because of their failure to deal effectively with the opium problem and the interference of foreigners.

Treaty of Nanjing

The Treaty of Nanjing was an unequal treaty to end Opium War in which China had to accept British terms for peace.

Explain the difference between the three types of imperialism: colony, protectorate, and sphere of influence.

The three types of imperialism are: colony, protectorate, and sphere of influence. A colony is when soldiers and officials are sent to administer a region directly. An example of this would be France occupying West Africa. A protectorate is when local rulers are left in place, but they are following the advice of advisers. This is less expensive than a colony. A sphere of influence is when an outside power claims exclusive trading and investment influence. (Think pieces of a pie). An example would be how Europe of spheres of influence in China.

Describe the United States' policy in Latin America and reasons for it.

Through the Monroe Doctrine, the United States essentially told Europe to back off. We didn't want anyone colonizing Latin America, so we could have it for ourselves. We didn't want Britain/European countries to take over.