KHAN QUIZ 3 PERIOD 5
-Source: Thomas Nast, "The Union As It Was," Wikimedia Commons, 1874 The ideas expressed through the image reveal that in 1874, which of the following was most true of the South? A. Violence by white supremacist groups had effectively stripped away all African American rights gained after the Civil War. B. Efforts to extend civil and political rights to African Americans had been largely successful across the United States. C. Racial discrimination increased after the United States army ceased occupying the southern states. D. African Americans migrated North to escape widespread violence in the southern states.
A. Violence by white supremacist groups had effectively stripped away all African American rights gained after the Civil War. The artist depicts two members of white supremacist groups shaking hands over a cowering black family. Behind the family, there is a lynched man hanging from a tree and a burned down school house. The artist's message is that, despite the expansion of civil and political rights during Reconstruction, the violence African Americans face in the South has made life "Worse Than Slavery."
"'Manhood Suffrage' creates an antagonism everywhere between educated, refined women and the lower orders of men especially in the South, where the slaves of yesterday are the law-makers of to-day. . . Just as the democratic cry of a 'white man's government,' created the antagonism between the Irishman and the negro, which culminated in the New York riots of '63, so the republican cry of 'manhood suffrage' creates an antagonism between black men and all women, that will culminate in fearful outrages on womanhood, especially in the Southern States." -Source: Elizabeth Cady Stanton, "Women and Black Men," Revolution, 1869 The excerpt best serves as evidence of which of the following trends during Reconstruction? A. he tension over the Fifteenth Amendment within the women's rights movement B. the intensity of debates over the extension of suffrage to Irish and German immigrants C. the rise in a women's rights movement with the stated goal of extending suffrage to women D. the creation of anti-black groups in the South that aimed to suppress African American votes
A. he tension over the Fifteenth Amendment within the women's rights movement In the excerpt, Stanton responds to the ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment. She argues that "the republican cry of 'manhood suffrage' creates an antagonism between black men and all women." Abolitionists did not share this sentiment with Stanton and feared that enslavers would reinstate the conditions of slavery if African American men did not have the right to vote.
"Should the North ever grant free play, or a separation occur, I should look for the whites to go as far as they dare in restricting colored liberty by black codes or detached laws, without establishing personal servitude. . . . it is easy to foresee that whites would be lightly punished (if juries would ever convict them) for crimes against blacks, while the criminal law would be severe on black offenders, and conviction easy." -Source: A South Carolinian (Belton O'Neall Townsend), "The Political Condition of South Carolina," The Atlantic Monthly, 1877 After 1877, which of the following most fulfilled the goal of "restricting colored liberty" that the excerpt refers to? A. the introduction of Jim Crow laws B. the establishment of the Ku Klux Klan C. the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment D. the Compromise of 1877
A. the introduction of Jim Crow laws After the federal government stopped monitoring local and state governments in the South, legislators passed Jim Crow laws, which stripped away African American rights and legalized racial discrimination.
[SAME IMAGE AS ABOVE] -Source: Thomas Nast, "The Union As It Was," Wikimedia Commons, 1874 The developments referenced by the image most directly contributed to: A. the introduction of Jim Crow laws by state governments. B. the creation of the Freedmen's Bureau. C. the Compromise of 1877. D. the ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment.
A. the introduction of Jim Crow laws by state governments. The rise of white supremacist groups and the results of several Supreme Court decisions allowed state and local governments to pass laws that limited African American civil and political rights.
"It is idle to say that a citizen shall have the right to life, yet to deny him the right to labor, whereby alone he can live. It is a mockery to say that a citizen may have a right to live, and yet deny him the right to make a contract to secure the privilege and the rewards of labor. It is worse than mockery to say that men may be clothed by the national authority with the character of citizens, yet may be stripped by State authority of the means by which citizens may exist. . . . "It is barbarous, inhuman, infamous, to turn over four million liberated slaves, always loyal to the government, to the fury of their rebel masters, who deny them the benefit of all laws for the protection of their civil rights." -Source: Representative William Lawrence, Congressional Globe, 1866 Which of the following developments best represents a logical extension of the ideas expressed in the excerpt? A. the passage of the first Civil Rights Act B. the order of the Emancipation Proclamation C. the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment D. the establishment of the Freedmen's Bureau
A. the passage of the first Civil Rights Act Congress passed the first Civil Rights Act in 1866, which extended citizenship to any person born in the United States (except indigenous people) and guaranteed equal protection under the law for all citizens.
"My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not either to save or destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any slave I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that." -Source: Abraham Lincoln, to Horace Greeley, New York Times, 1862 The excerpt most strongly suggests that in 1862 which of the following was correct? A. Lincoln aimed to end slavery as it would help keep the country together. B. Lincoln's primary goal for the Civil War was to reunify the country. C. Lincoln only intended to end slavery in the Confederate states. D. Lincoln's intention in the Civil War was to destroy the Southern states.
B. Lincoln's primary goal for the Civil War was to reunify the country. Lincoln writes that his "paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union." In the first half of the war, Lincoln made no legislative measures to abolish slavery across the United States.
[WOMEN WORKING AT A TEXTILE MILL] -Source: "Filling cartridges at the United States Arsenal at Watertown, Massachusetts," Harper's Weekly, Library of Congress 1861 The situation depicted in the image best serves as evidence of the: A. decline in the industrial economy in the North during the war. B. organization of American society to support the war effort. C. increase in economic opportunities for women and immigrants. D. creation of military positions for disadvantaged groups.
B. organization of American society to support the war effort. The image serves as evidence of the mobilization of American society to support the war effort, such as filling cartridges for US soldiers.
"If we put negro regiments there and give them the bayonets, why can't we give votes? They have joined in putting down the Rebellion; and now to place them at the mercy of those they have helped us to subdue — to deny them all political rights — to give them freedom but leave them entirely subject to laws framed by Rebel masters — is an act of injustice against which humanity revolts." -Source: Senator John Sherman of Ohio, National Anti-Slavery Standard, 1865 Which of the following federal actions most directly supported the ideas expressed in the excerpt? A. the passage of the Homestead Act B. the ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment C. the introduction of Black Codes D. the enactment of the Civil Rights Act of 1875
B. the ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment The Fifteenth Amendment guaranteed citizens the right to vote and prohibited the federal government and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote because of their race, color, or previous status as a slave.
"The members have met their constituents and learned of marvellous conversions to the wisdom of emancipation . . . That to proclaim emancipation would secure the sympathy of Europe and the whole civilized world, which now saw no other reason for the strife than national pride and ambition, an unwillingness to abridge our domain and power. No other step would be so potent to prevent foreign intervention." -Source: President Abraham Lincoln, Reply to Emancipation Memorial Presented by Chicago Christians of All Denominations, 1862 According to the passage, Lincoln thought the Emancipation Proclamation was necessary for which of the following reasons? A. to recruit formerly enslaved people to serve in the US army as soldiers B. to keep foreign countries from supporting the Confederate government C. to abolish slavery across the United States and uphold the Founders' values D. to prevent the Confederacy from using enslaved people in their military
B. to keep foreign countries from supporting the Confederate government Lincoln writes that the Emancipation Proclamation is the best move to "prevent foreign intervention " from countries who see the Civil War as nothing more than a fight about "national pride and ambition."
"Now, the effect of this upon the labor of the South is this: A great many laborers work by the month, but all of them are under contract. If I live three miles from a store, and I must work from sunup to sundown, I cannot go where I can do my trading to the best advantage. A man is prevented, no matter whether his family is sick from sundown to sunrise, from going and selling anything that he has, as the landlord will not give them time between sunrise and sundown. . . . If a man commits a crime he out to be punished, but every man ought to have a right to dispose of his own property. . . . I may raise as much cotton as I please in the seed, but I am prohibited by law from selling it to anybody but the landlord." -Source: Congressman James T. Rapier, Testimony before the US Senate regarding Agricultural Labor Force in the South, 1880 The excerpt best serves as evidence for which of the following developments? A. the ratification of an amendment that extends citizenship to all people born in the United States B. the establishment of the Freedmen's Bureau to aid formerly enslaved people in their transition to public life C. the creation of a sharecropping system that limited African American access to southern land D. the formation of a special committee in Congress to monitor the laws in southern states to identify potential discrimination
C. the creation of a sharecropping system that limited African American access to southern land The author describes the life of farm laborers in the South. His description includes several examples of exploitation that African Americans experienced under sharecropping.
"Now, the effect of this upon the labor of the South is this: A great many laborers work by the month, but all of them are under contract. If I live three miles from a store, and I must work from sunup to sundown, I cannot go where I can do my trading to the best advantage. A man is prevented, no matter whether his family is sick from sundown to sunrise, from going and selling anything that he has, as the landlord will not give them time between sunrise and sundown. . . . If a man commits a crime he out to be punished, but every man ought to have a right to dispose of his own property. . . . I may raise as much cotton as I please in the seed, but I am prohibited by law from selling it to anybody but the landlord." -Source: Congressman James T. Rapier, Testimony before the US Senate regarding Agricultural Labor Force in the South, 1880 A historian would most likely use this passage to illustrate which of the following? A. how the lack of intervention from Congress allowed local governments to restrict African American political rights B. how the United States' foreign policy of isolationism hurt farmers in the southern states C. how the Panic of 1873 affected the agricultural economy and production in the South D. how the sharecropping system kept African Americans from reaching economic self-sufficiency
D. how the sharecropping system kept African Americans from reaching economic self-sufficiency The author (a black Congressman) describes life under a sharecropping system and states that sharecropping prevents farmers "from going and selling anything that he has, as the landlord will not give them time between sunrise and sundown."
"There have been men base enough to propose to me to return to slavery the Black warriors of Port Hudson and Olustee, and thus win the respect of the masters they fought. Should I do so, I should deserve to be damned in time and eternity. Come what will, I will keep my faith with friend and foe. My enemies pretend I am now carrying on this war for the sole purpose of abolition. So long as I am President, it shall be carried on for the sole purpose of restoring the Union." -Source: President Abraham Lincoln, in an interview with the Honorable John T. Mills, 1864 Which of the following most likely helped to prompt Lincoln's message in the excerpt? A. the surrender of President Jefferson Davis to the United States B. the promise of British support if the United States abolished slavery C. the order of the Emancipation Proclamation in the South D. the creation of military regiments of free black soldiers
D. the creation of military regiments of free black soldiers Lincoln discusses the "black warriors of Port Hudson and Olustee," which is a reference to two notable black regiments in the US Army. He states in the interview he will not return these troops to slavery after the war is over.
-Source: Currier and Ives, Wikimedia Commons, 1872 Which of the following most directly led to the circumstances illustrated by the image? A. the creation of a political party aimed at filling federal positions with African American men B. the introduction of Black Codes in the South to protect African American voting power C. the establishment of the Freedmen's Bureau to enforce federal voting laws in the South D. the ratification of an amendment extending suffrage to African American men
D. the ratification of an amendment extending suffrage to African American men The ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment gave black men the opportunity to vote for representatives in all levels of government. This led to the election of the first black members of Congress and black legislators in state governments.
"The [US population]not only outnumbered the rebels, but its other resources also dwarfed the Confederacy's. The North's wartime expenditures totaled over three billion dollars, two-thirds of it spent on military supplies. . . . Northern industry thus went into overdrive during the war . . . "The South also developed manufacturing capacity, but because the region was largely wedded to single-crop agriculture, it depended heavily on imported military supplies. One telling comparison: on the war's eve, Southern shops manufactured four million pairs of shoes annually whereas Massachusetts alone produced over forty million pairs . . . " -Source: Louis P. Masur and J. Ronald Spencer, historians, "Civil War Mobilizations," OAH Magazine of History, 2012 According to the passage, which of the following was a major difference in economic development between the United States and the Confederacy during the Civil War? A. The United States's inability to produce crops forced it to import supplies, whereas the Confederacy relied only on domestic products for military supplies. B.The United States's lack of manufacturing during the war led to fewer international trade relationships than the Confederacy. C. The United States struggled to feed its soldiers because of its lack of agriculture, whereas the Confederacy's agriculture supported its troops. D.The United States produced their own war supplies, whereas the Confederacy imported their war supplies.
D.The United States produced their own war supplies, whereas the Confederacy imported their war supplies. The North's factories and production power allowed the United States to provide domestic war supplies to their troops. The South had to import their goods from other countries. US forces took advantage of the South's reliance on imported goods by instituting naval blockades to stop foreign trade and limit the South's resources.
