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Ideas expressed by Douglass in the excerpt were most likely interpreted as supporting which of the following arguments? A) The war would make African Americans feel free. B) The war was the product of years of injustice against African Americans. C) The war would take enormous sacrifice of military combat to achieve victory. D) The war was no longer just about preserving the union of the states.

D) The war was no longer just about preserving the union of the states.

At the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861, pro-Union sentiment was strong in western Virginia, eastern Tennessee, and western North Carolina primarily because: A) Confederate troops had committed atrocities to terrorize state representatives from these regions into voting for secession B) These regions had more trade with the North than did other regions in the South C) These regions were more industrialized than other regions of the South D) There were relatively few slaves or large plantations in these regions E) Lincoln had promised not to send federal troops into these regions

D) There were relatively few slaves or large plantations in these regions

The situation depicted in the image best serves as evidence of the: A) Expansion of federal power B) Decline of an agrarian economy C) Increase in sectional divisions D) Institutionalization of racial segregation

A) Expansion of federal power

Which of the following statements best summarizes the views of Andrew Johnson on Reconstruction? A) He believed that Reconstruction was an executive branch matter and sought the rapid restoration of the former Confederate states to the Union. B) He supported the idea of the president and Congress sharing power and believed in a stringent plan of Reconstruction. C) He believed that both secession and Reconstruction should be dealt with by the Supreme Court. D) He slowly moved to a Radical Republican position on Reconstruction and supported increased rights for African Americans. E) He refused to take a position on Reconstruction, prompting Republicans to impeach him for his irresponsibility.

A) He believed that Reconstruction was an executive branch matter and sought the rapid restoration of the former Confederate states to the Union.

The Battle of Antietam, September 17, 1862, is considered pivotal to the outcome of the Civil War because: A) Represented the Union's deepest thrust into southern territory B) Forestalled the possibility of European intervention C) Resulted in the border states joining the Confederacy D) Marked the first use of Black troops by the Union army E) Confirmed George McClellan's status as the leading Union general

B) Forestalled the possibility of European intervention

Douglass' rhetoric in the excerpt was most likely interpreted as promoting which of the following? A) The need for more soldiers in the Union Army B) His advocacy for African American equal rights C) His support for Abraham Lincoln's reelection in 1864 D) Criticism of the limits of the Emancipation Proclamation

B) His advocacy for African American equal rights

African American political activism during Reconstruction differed from the political activism described in the first paragraph of the excerpt because during Reconstruction African Americans: A) Emphasized pride in their cultural achievements B) Predominantly supported the Republican Party C) Were barred from holding office in state legislatures or Congress D) Mostly focused on building religious institutions instead of educational ones

B) Predominantly supported the Republican Party

In adopting the Fourteenth Amendment, Congress was primarily concerned with: A) Protecting the powers of the southern state governments established under Andrew Johnson B) Protecting legislation guaranteeing civil rights to former slaves C) Ending slavery D) Guaranteeing all citizens the right to vote E) Establishing the Freedmen's Bureau

B) Protecting legislation guaranteeing civil rights to former slaves

The data in the first table most directly indicate which of the following about the professions of soldiers in the Civil War? A) The Confederacy enlisted more factory workers to fill its armies than did the Union. B) The Confederacy relied more heavily on agricultural workers to fill its armies than did the Union. C) The majority of soldiers in both Confederate and Union forces were sharecroppers. D) The Confederacy enlisted more skilled workers than did the Union.

B) The Confederacy relied more heavily on agricultural workers to fill its armies than did the Union.

The belief by some Americans that the Civil War was "a rich man's war but a poor man's fight" was reflected in: A) Sherman's march to Atlanta B) The draft riots in New York City C) Lincoln's suspension of habeas corpus in the South D) Thoreau's denunciation of the war E) John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry

B) The draft riots in New York City

Which of the following was the most direct catalyst for the secession of South Carolina? A) The Dred Scott decision B) The election of 1860 C) The Wilmot Proviso D) John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry E) The attack on Charles Sumner

B) The election of 1860

The proclamation most clearly provides evidence for which of the following? A) The spreading of violence associated with the Kansas-Nebraska Act B) The failure of the Compromise of 1850 to lessen sectional tensions C) The abolitionist roots of the Republican Party D) The absence of racism in antebellum New England

B) The failure of the Compromise of 1850 to lessen sectional tensions

The 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act instituted popular sovereignty to: A) Prohibit slavery above Missouri's southern border B) Assure that Congress had a constitutional right to establish or abolish slavery in new territories C) Allow people living in a territory to determine whether slavery should be permitted there D) Admit Kansas as a slave state and Nebraska as a free state E) Allow towns to decide the issue of slavery on a case-by-case basis

C) Allow people living in a territory to determine whether slavery should be permitted there

Which of the following most directly contributed to the conflict referred to in the excerpt? A) Disputes over taxation and representation B) Tensions between isolationism and international engagement C) Disagreements over whether to allow slavery in new territories D) Debates about the role of religion in society and government

C) Disagreements over whether to allow slavery in new territories

The Union's victory at Gettysburg was significant because it: A) Prevented Britain and Russia from intervening in the Civil War B) Prompted Abraham Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation C) Halted the last major Confederate invasion of the North D) Gave the Union control over the Mississippi River E) Caused the Confederacy to surrender

C) Halted the last major Confederate invasion of the North

The issuing of documents such as the proclamation generally had which of the following effects? A) Accumulating support for the theory of slavery as a positive good B) Encouraging armed rebellions by enslaved people in the South C) Increasing the visibility of organized opposition to slavery D) Improving relations between native-born residents and recent Catholic immigrants

C) Increasing the visibility of organized opposition to slavery

The issue being debated in the two excerpts was most directly resolved by the: A) Passage of the Missouri Compromise B) Election of Abraham Lincoln as president C) Ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment D) Formation of the Populist Party

C) Ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment

Which of the following best explains Douglass' point of view in the excerpt? A) African American enlistment would enable the Union Army to prevail in the Civil War B) Once African American men enlisted, Northern White soldiers would accept them as equals C) Shared sacrifice would help advance African American men's claims to United States citizenship D) Northern politicians overwhelmingly favored enlistment of African Americans in the Union Army

C) Shared sacrifice would help advance African American men's claims to United States citizenship

The provision above overturned the: A) Alien and Sedition Acts B) Chinese Exclusion Act C) Supreme Court ruling in Dred Scott v. Sandford D) Supreme Court ruling in McCulloch v. Maryland E) Supreme Court ruling in Worcester v. Georgia

C) Supreme Court ruling in Dred Scott v. Sandford

The disagreements expressed in the two excerpts most directly reflect which of the following? A) Debates between management and unions over working conditions B) Disputes between Jacksonian Democrats and Whigs C) The intensification of regional differences between labor systems D) The employment of immigrants in the North and South

C) The intensification of regional differences between labor systems

Which of the following could best be used as evidence to support the argument in the excerpt? A) The industrialization of some segments of the southern economy B) The efforts by some Progressive Era reformers to expand democracy C) The requirement in many states at the time that citizens pay a tax before they could vote D) The advocacy of organizations such as the National Association of Colored Women's Clubs (NACWC)

C) The requirement in many states at the time that citizens pay a tax before they could vote

The sentiments expressed in the proclamation would have been most widely condemned by White residents of: A) Coastal South Carolina B) Northern California C) Western New York D) Western Virginia

A) Coastal South Carolina

The excerpt best reflects which of the following developments? A) Popular support for the idea of Manifest Destiny B) The emergence of nativist political parties C) The collapse of the Second Party System D) The increase in sectional tensions before the Civil War

A) Popular support for the idea of Manifest Destiny

through 1863 was: A) Possible British recognition of the Confederacy B) Spanish intervention in Santo Domingo C) French objections to the Union blockade D) British insistence on the abolition of slavery E) British objections to the Union position on "continuous voyage"

A) Possible British recognition of the Confederacy

After 1863, which of the following most fulfilled the "new birth of freedom" that the excerpt refers to? A) Ratification of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments B) The compromise that resolved the election of 1876 C) Establishment of the Ku Klux Klan and similar organizations D) Supreme Court rulings such as Plessy v. Ferguson

A) Ratification of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments

The views expressed by Fitzhugh would have been most likely to align with which of the following arguments? A) States' rights should be secured from federal interference B) The judicial branch of government should be strengthened C) Tariffs on imported goods should be increased D) Labor unions should be organized

A) States' rights should be secured from federal interference

Which of the following invalidated the decision in the excerpt? A) The Fourteenth Amendment B) Plessy v. Ferguson C) Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka D) The Civil Rights Act of 1964

A) The Fourteenth Amendment

The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 was most similar in intent to which of the following earlier legislative initiatives? A) The Missouri Compromise in 1820 B) The forced removal of American Indians C) The funding of internal improvements under the American System D) The annexation of Texas in 1836

A) The Missouri Compromise in 1820

Which of the following was a consequence of the shift to sharecropping and the crop lien system in the late nineteenth-century South? A) A major redistribution of land ownership B) A diversification of crops C) A cycle of debt and depression for Southern tenant farmers D) A rise in cotton yields per acre from antebellum production levels E) The termination of the control exerted by White landowners of former slaves

C) A cycle of debt and depression for Southern tenant farmers

During Reconstruction, which of the following was a change that took place in the South? A) Many African Americans found manufacturing employment. B) Many White Southerners supported African Americans' rights. C) African Americans favored the Democratic Party. D) African Americans were able to exercise political rights.

D) African Americans were able to exercise political rights.

Lincoln's main purpose in the excerpt was to: A) Advocate racial equality B) Encourage the punishment of the South C) Propose expanded democratic voting rights D) Gain continued support for the war effort

D) Gain continued support for the war effort

The United States Supreme Court's decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) represented a departure from earlier practices in which of the following ways? A) It established the principle of judicial review, the practice in which the Supreme Court has the authority to evaluate whether laws are consistent with the Constitution. B) It introduced the idea of popular sovereignty, the arrangement in which residents of a federal territory could vote whether that territory would allow slavery. C) It expanded fugitive slave laws that permitted slaveholders to recover formerly enslaved people even if they had escaped to free states. D) It held that the federal government had no power to regulate slavery in federal territories acquired after the creation of the United States.

D) It held that the federal government had no power to regulate slavery in federal territories acquired after the creation of the United States.

The Black Codes passed in a number of southern states after the Civil War were intended to: A) Close public schools to the children of former slaves B) Promote the return of former slaves to Africa C) Enable Black citizens to vote in federal elections D) Place limits on the socioeconomic opportunities open to Black people E) Further the integration of southern society

D) Place limits on the socioeconomic opportunities open to Black people

The image most strongly supports the argument that Reconstruction: A) Led to the unfair punishment of White Southerners by the North B) Encouraged large-scale rebellions by former slaves C) Involved unconstitutional abuses of government power D) Temporarily altered race relations in the South

D) Temporarily altered race relations in the South

The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution established: A) The freedom of all slaves not emancipated under Abraham Lincoln's proclamation B) Federal protection for African Americans from Ku Klux Klan terrorism C) The right of citizenship for any person born in the United States D) That suffrage cannot be denied based on race, color, or previous servitude E) The power of the federal government to intervene in state affairs to protect individual liberties

D) That suffrage cannot be denied based on race, color, or previous servitude

Which of the following occurred during Radical Reconstruction? A) The passage of the Black Codes B) A permanent shift of Southern voters to the Republican Party C) The creation of a new industrial base in a majority of Southern states D) The formation of the Ku Klux Klan E) Widespread redistribution of confiscated land to former slaves

D) The formation of the Ku Klux Klan

Those who agreed with the views expressed in the excerpt by Weld would most likely have supported which of the following subsequent developments? A) The actions of the United States in the Mexican-American War B) The Supreme Court's decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford C) The passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act D) The founding of the Republican Party

D) The founding of the Republican Party

Which of the following would most likely have opposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act? A) A Missouri slaveholder B) Stephen Douglas C) A Midwestern investor in a Pacific-to-Chicago railroad line D) A Southern supporter of popular sovereignty E) A New England abolitionist

E) A New England abolitionist

On the eve of the Civil War, the South enjoyed an advantage over the North in: A) Shipping capacity B) Total population C) Railroad mileage D) Firearms production E) Experienced military leadership

E) Experienced military leadership

In 1860 Abraham Lincoln was elected president on a Republican platform that advocated all of the following EXCEPT: A) Higher protective tariffs B) Government subsidies for a transcontinental railroad C) Free western land for settlers who would live and work on it D) The exclusion of slavery from United States territorial possessions E) The abolition of slavery throughout the United States

E) The abolition of slavery throughout the United States