KIN 111 Exam 1
What was the focus of Swedish physical education?
Scientific study of physical education Used autonomy and physiology to study the effects of physical education on the body Less emphasis on strength than German approach Influenced by nationalism
What are matadores? How many are there?
Test the bull for its ferocity - 3 matadors Has first confrontation with the bull Stabs the bull between the shoulder blades, piercing the heart at which the bull dies instantly
What is the basic history of N Ireland?
**Catholic vs. Protestant Primary vs. secondary schooling Sport segregated (Irish vs. British) 1998 Good Friday Agreement - sport organizations were at the forefront of change Irish Football Association Gaelic Football Association Football4Peace - Sporting bodies have embraced the concept of inter community relations through sport.
What is Irish road bowling?
*Also called BOWLS. Ancient sport that is based in Ireland, but also played in US and UK Since 1960's it is a sport that has a championship being played on a regular basis Road bowling is referred to as Bowls Played on roads, usually on a Sunday A bowl, a cast iron ball is thrown from a starting point to an end point about 1-2 miles away Whoever reaches the end of the road in the least amount of throws wins -Similar to golf= whoever can roll the ball the furthest wins.
What sports does Germany have?
- 1800s PE, St. Pauli Footbal Club -soccer
What sports does Ireland have?
- Gaelic sport, road bowling, bare-knuckle boxing
What are some of the uses of Sport can have a variety of purposes depending on the context? EXAM QUESTION
- May socialize children into the culture May legitimize political leaders May be associated with a group's identity and sense of pride May serve as a catalyst for political resistance May be a form of self-expression May be religious means through which individuals connect with the supernatural realm
What is Interactionist Theory?
- Society is created through social interaction - Sports through meaning, symbols, people create in social interactions - -Change sports by changing the meaning we attach to sports
What is sectarianism?
- excessive attachment to a particular sect or party, especially in religion
What sports does England have?
- football, tennis, cricket, polo, boat racing, rugby union, rugby league, pub games, country sports
What is Conflict Theory?
-"Can't Get With That": People and Social Institutions are shaped by Economic Factors -Socialization from this perspective is to create complaint workers and eager consumers -Those with money will always try to maintain their privilege in society. -Marxism: "Sport is the opiate of the masses." -How people in power control sports to make money and maintain their interests, how low- income and working-class have fewer opportunities to play on their own terms and in their own way
How are sports and games transmitted?
-- Through ideas, emotions, and desires expressed through language
What is Cultural Adaptation?
--How Long it takes someone to integrate into a new culture (Time and Process)
What is subculture?
-A distinctive set of standards and behavior patterns by which a group within a larger society operates
What does Cultural sport express?
-A team's values, beliefs, and attitudes about sports and competition
What are the basics of Swedish gymnastics in the 1800s?
-Alternative to German gymnastics Light gymnastics with therapeutic emphasis Per Henrik - father of gymnastics Per Ling (1776-1839_ àtypes of gymnastics: educational, military, medical, and aesthetics gymnastics Hjalmar Ling (1820-1886) àrole in developing school gymnastics and curriculum; Day's Order - daily exercises for school children
What is the political history behind Barcelona and Catalonia in soccer?
-Barcelona is a city in Spain that has wanted to secede from Spain. Barcelona has their own language (Catalon) unique from Spain. Barcelona alone makes a lot of money and this is the reason Spain does not allow Barcelona to secede. -One of the reasons Barcelona makes a lot of money is because they have one of the best soccer teams in the world (Barcelona FC). Real Madrid, soccer team, which represents Madrid and Spain, main rival is Barcelona FC. When these two teams play, it is more than a soccer rivalry, it is Catalonia vs. Spain
What is bare-knuckle boxing in Ireland? Who does it?
-Bare Knuckle Boxing is a stand-up fight, where the contestants use their fists only. There will be no kicking, kneeing, elbows, wrestling, throw downs, biting, or eye gouging. -Fights under our rules will be contested in bare knuckles only, with protective wrapping allowed only on the lower hand and wrist areas. BOARD: "Beef," Family vs. Family
What is Expressive culture?
-Behavior and beliefs related to sport, leisure, and play
What sports does Italy have?
-Calcio Storico, Bocce Ball
What are Blood sports?
-Competition that explicitly seeks to bring about a flow of blood or even death
What are cultural values?
-Cultural values are the core principles and ideals upon which an entire community exists
What is Social Phenomena?
-Events involving social relationships and collective action and having relevance in the social lives of particular collections of people.
What is hurling?
-Game is like hockey, but the ball is rarely played on. -There is a Ball= sliotar, and a stick= Hurly -It incorporates lacrosse, field hockey, soccer, rugby all in 1 sport.
How do sport and games reflect values?
-Games and sports can be interpreted as reflections of social relationships and cultural ideals -A "cultural microcosm"
What influences changes in sports and games?
-Globalization, which brings in new materials, new technology, new ideas, and new styles to many Sports of the world
What was the meaning of Swedish PE for its people?
-Growth of popularity in games and a decline in gymnastics
What is play and leisure?
-Has no direct, utilitarian purpose for the participants
What is adaptation?
-How long it takes to acculturate
What sports does Sweden have?
-PE 1800's
Who are Celtic and Rangers?
-Scottish teams and rivals that play in the Scottish Premiership soccer league. Both teams and fans dislike each other due to their religious differences. Rangers FC fans are mainly protestant and Celtic FC fans are mainly Roman Catholic. Numonic: PR vs. CC Protestant/Rangers vs. Catholic/Celtics
What is sectarianism in Scotland/Ireland soccer?
-Sectarianism is excessive attachment to a particular sect or party, especially in religion. In Scotland/Ireland soccer there exists 2 soccer teams that act on sectarianism. These soccer teams are Rangers FC and Celtic FC. -Both of these teams are Scottish teams and rivals that play in the Scottish Premiership soccer league. Both teams and fans dislike each other due to their religious differences. Rangers FC fans are mainly protestant and Celtic FC fans are mainly Roman Catholic.
What is Critical Theory?
-Society involves cultural production, power relations, and ideological struggles - Uses sports to challenge and transform exploitative and oppressive practices
What is Functionalism?
-Society shapes and molds the young to fit in and contribute. We learn the rules of society and fit in. -People are passive learners - Role of socialization is to learn rules and social roles -Uses the Internalization Model. (internalize the rules and roles of society in which they live) -Sport as a positive force in society
What are the main aspects of bullfighting?
-Spectator sport -Considered an art form and an integral part of Spanish culture -It is about performance, bravery, skill, and death -Can be considered controversial
What is Cultural Ethnocentricity?
-The belief that ones' culture is superior to another one
What is ethnicity?
-The characteristics of people who share a common and distinctive racial, national, religious, linguistic, or cultural heritage Ethnicity Patterns: -Geographic origins -Family patterns -Language -Values, symbols, and cultural norms -Religion -Literature and music -Dietary patterns -Gender roles -Employment patterns
How can sport and games can be evaluated?
-Through SURVEYS
How is Culture and sport transmitted?
-Through material cultural heritage, intangible cultural heritage, and cultural heritage preservation
What is the Flamenco?
-Traditional dance in Spanish/Muslim culture -It's the Muslim call to prayer -They wear a Red dress as their outfit. -The color Red: Sex, passion, fertility, danger -Traditional Flamenco singing: "lavent" "geta" -Done by gypsies. (Spanish) -Happens at night, in caves, in dance halls, can be competitive
What is the Turnverein ("gymnastic unions") movement?
-Turnverein: social gymnastics (german gymnastics) -"gymnastic unions" were not only athletic, but also political, reflecting their origin in similar "nationalistic gymnastic" organizations in Europe. -Cultural assimilation and the two World Wars with Germany took a gradual toll on membership, with some halls closing and others becoming regular dance halls, bars or bowling alleys
What sports does Spain have?
-bullfighting, Barcelona = soccer
What is the Royal Ascot?
-famous race sponsored by the queen.
What is Cultural Acculturation?
-how much of the dominant culture you take on. -A degree to which a person has adapted to the dominant culture while retaining traditional practices -- Assimilation—move away from culture of origin immersing to dominant society - Integrated-- immersion in both ethnic and dominant society - Marginal-- not accepted by culture of origin or dominant society - *Separated-- withdraws from dominant society and is immersed in ethnic society
What is Horse racing? What are the 2 types?
-morality -2 types of Horse Racing: 1) Jump racing- involves a horse and jockey racing and jumping over fences at a gallop over medium to long distances. 2) Flat racing- sprinting short distances with no jumping involved.
What is race?
-referencing your physiological characteristics (Ex: Skin color, hair type, eye shape, nose (Middle Eastern).
What is Cultural Relativism?
1) All cultures are of equal value 2) Attempts to take a neutral, objective view of differing cultures 3) Incorporates relativism with respect to culture's varying moral codes
What are the aspects of play?
1) Has rules 2) Contains chance 3) Contains tension
What does Sport reinforce in people and culture?
1) Social relationships 2) Gender relationships 3) Form of resistance (hip-hop, rap music, Graffiti, NFL/NBA, protests economic oppression
What are the PROS for Bullfighting?
1) Symbol of Man's Fight to Survive. 2) Man's place in the Hierarchy. 3) Exposes Children to Life/Death, what real violence is. 4) Bullfighting is historical and cultural.
What do Sport Anthropologists study? EXAM QUESTION.
1) The products and characteristics of sport in a society 2) Who makes the sport and why? 3) The role of sport in society 4) The wider social meaning of sport
What are Anthropologists concerned with? What do they think about? EXAM QUESTION.
1) Why some play/leisure involves teams and others are individual activities 2) Social roles of people involved 3) goals' of the game and how they are achieved 4) How much danger and violence are involved 5) How activities relate to group identity 6) How such activities link or separate different groups
What is culture? What does it consist of?
1. Everything that makes us who we are 2. Culture is learned, changes over time, and is passed from generation to generation 3. Culture is complex, and many subcultures exist within a dominant culture 4. A given person may belong to numerous subcultures Culture affects: 1. Perceptions of sport 2. Beliefs about sport values 3. Sport behaviors 4. How sports are described and concerns are expressed 5. How sports are pursued to
What are the 3 types of sport?
1. Sequential - participation happens in sequential order (e.g. golf) 2. Parallel - participation with competitor(s) but no physical contact (e.g. swimming) 3. Interactive - direct participation with physical contact against another competitor(s) (e.g. football)
What are the 3 things that the Internalization Model focuses on?
1. The characteristics of those being socialized (Ex: Students) 2. The people and institutions that did the socializing (Ex: San Jose State) 3. The specific outcomes of socialization (Ex: Grades)
How long is the Bull Run?
1/2 mile run.
How many stages does a bullfight consists of?
3 stages: 1) Testing the bull for ferocity, stab the bull until weakens 2) Banderillos stab barbs sticks into the back of the bulls to weaken it further 3) Matador makes the final attack. The matador must stab the bull between the shoulder blades, piercing the heart at which the bull dies instantly.
What is society?
A group of interdependent people who share a common culture
In the Bull Runs, what are the values it includes?
Bravery. The Bull is a symbol of Virility/Manhood .
What are toros?
Bulls
When did Bullfighting begin? Who started it? EXAM QUESTION.
COMES FROM THE 11TH CENTURY by the Moors.
What is cache?
Cache means "a place where things are hidden,"
What purpose did Turner societies in the US for German immigrants in the 1800s?
Defeat in War of 1848, movement was suppressed, and many Turners left Germany and some emigrated to the US 48ers went on to become Civil War soldiers, the great majority in the Union Army, and American politicians Turners served as physical educators, social, political and cultural organizations for German immigrants, and also were active in the American public education and labor movements - leading Germans to unification
What is ethnomusicology?
Ethnomusicology: the cross-cultural study of music
Who is Per Henrik Ling?
FATHER OF GYMNASTICS IN SWEDEN
Who is the Father of gymnastics in Germany?
Freidrich Ludwig Jahn
What is the most popular sport in Ireland?
GAELIC FOOTBALL
Germany is _____________ and ________________
Germany is collectivist and individualistic.
What is another name for travelers?
Gypsies
What are examples of performance sports?
Include music, dance, theater, rhetoric (speech-making), and narrative (storytelling)
What is Ireland's most popular sport? What is Ireland's most played sport?
Ireland's most popular sport: Gaelic Football Ireland's most played sport: Soccer
What are the differences between Ireland and England?
Ireland: Green, white, yellow Timmy Catholic Republic Celtic Liberal England: Blue, white, red Billy Protestant Loyalist Ranger Conservative
Where did Turner societies mainly occur in the US.?
Louisville, Kentucky
What are the Challenges within Northern Ireland?
Mistrust based on segregation
What is gaelic football?
Most popular AND the National Sport of Ireland. 15 players Goal is to kick the ball over the opponents' goalpost If they get it over the bar its worth 1 score and a goal is worth 3 points Skill of soccer and the physical components of rugby and high scoring of basketball Most popular sport in Ireland H shaped goals, kick/strike the ball with your hands Football final for is the most watched event in the nation and Gaelic football is the most popular sport, but soccer is the most played sport in Ireland
What are the aspects of leisure activities?
Often lacks rules, chance, and tension
What are Peace Walls? EXAM QUESTION.
Peace Walls: separate neighborhoods
What are the values of Ireland?
Respect, hard work, teamwork, honesty, masculinity, honor---> FUNCTIONALISM.
Gaelic Football and Hurling are __________________ Sports.
Revolutionary
What does Calcio mean?
Soccer (In Italian)
________________ are a huge part of German sports. They are community based.
Sport clubs
What is a Sport?
Sport: an athletic activity requiring skill or physical prowess and often of a competitive nature, as racing, baseball, tennis, boxing, fishing, bowling, wrestling, etc.
What word do Northern Ireland People use?
TROUBLES
What is one of the biggest annual races to occur in Ireland?
The Grand National.
What is ethnocentrism?
The belief that one's own culture is superior to another one.
What is a "world-view"?
The way people interpret the world around
What is theater?
Theater is a type of enactment that seeks to entertain through movement and words. -There are often strong connections between myth, religion, ritual, and performance -Performance Sports often occur at ritual events - feasts, special ceremonies, funerals, weddings -May serve to both entertain and keep important cultural or religious knowledge alive
What is Wa?
Wa: discipline and self-sacrifice for the good of the whole
Do all human societies exhibit some sport or games?
Yes, all cultures have Sport and have a sense of what makes something "Sport"
What is Diaspora? EXAM QUESTION.
a people/community spread out often due to conflict (Ex: Climate change)
What are Equis?
a variety of horses
What is a hooligan?
a violent young troublemaker, typically one of a gang. -RAVE, DRUG
What is soft power?
community work, community centers, community based power through sports and the arts.
What is Hegemony?
leadership or predominant influence exercised by one nation over others, as in a confederation. Ex: Allen Iverson "Practice."
What is ethno-esthetics?
refers to local cultural definitions of what Sport is. -within culture, variations in opinions of sport (gender, class)
What is Barcelona?
region in Spain. One of the 4 regions in Catalonia. -History of tension between Madrid and Barca "Allies" in WW2.
What is art?
the application of imagination, skill, and style to matter, movement, and sound that goes beyond purely the practical. SAME AS SPORT!
What is enculturation?
the process of learning one's own culture
Horses are a symbol of _____________________.
wealth, freedom, power, mobility.
