KINE 3030 Exam 2

Match the following micronutrients with their appropriate function for endurance athletes. A. Vitamin B12 B. Iron C. Zinc D. Magnesium E. Vitamin E F. Sodium 1 Replaces electrolytes lost through sweating and assists in fluid retention 2 Required for the production of hemoglobin 3 Serve as cofactors that are used in the conversion of food into energy 4 Important for energy metabolism, cell growth, and tissue repair 5 Reduces lipid peroxidation and decreased DNA damage 6 Utilized in the conversion of glucose to glycogen

1 - F 2 - B 3 - A 4 - C 5 - E 6 - D

An elite runner who lives and trains in Colorado is traveling to Florida to participate in an international competition. When should she plan to arrive in Florida to make sure that she is acclimated for the change in environment?

14 days before the event

When exercising in a hot, humid environment, an athlete should drink __________ ounces of water at least _______ hour(s) before exercising.

20-40, 2 hours

For long-term weight loss, how many minutes of physical activity are recommended each week?

250 minutes

A loss of _______% of body weight is clinically considered dehydrated and impacts the ______ fluid stores the most.

3%, intracellular

A client with whom you are working wishes to lose approximately 1 pound per week. How big a daily caloric deficit will be required daily for this client to be successful?

500 calories per day

What should the carbohydrate (CHO) content be in beverages utilized during exercise in order to avoid any issues with gastric emptying?

6% to 8% CHO content

Roughly what percentage of body weight is composed of water?

60

Which of the following is a possible consequence of anorexia nervosa?

Abnormalities in cognitive functioning

Which of the following items can increase urine output and delay rehydration when consumed in relatively large amounts, especially during the post-exercise recovery period?

Alcohol

An individual who exhibits all of the criteria for anorexia nervosa but maintains a weight within the normal range would meet the criteria for which of the following diagnoses?

Atypical anorexia nervosa

Which of the following criteria must be met for a diagnosis of bulimia nervosa to be made? Select all that apply.

Binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behaviors occur at least once a week for 3 months Recurrent uncontrolled binge eating episodes Inappropriate compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain

Which tool can be easily employed by an allied health professional to classify a client as underweight, normal, overweight, or obese?

Body mass index (BMI)

What should be included in a diet plan to ensure adequate consumption of vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals?

Brightly colored fruits and vegetables

Which weight loss strategy that may impede athletic performance should be supervised by a physician and/or registered dietitian?

Caloric restriction to less than 800 calories per day

In which of these situations would positive energy balance be desirable? Select all that apply.

Childhood Pregnancy

Which person is at increased risk for hypertension, diabetes, and elevated triglycerides?

Construction worker with a higher than normal waist circumference

Which of the following factors may lead to decreased fluid intake that is significant enough to lead to dehydration? Select all that apply.

Dislike of the taste of the available beverage Inability to tolerate high fluid intake without experiencing gastrointestinal upset Inaccessibility Lack of education

Which of the following are recommendations from the National Eating Disorder Association that coaches and trainers can use to reduce the development of eating disorders?

Educate staff, parents, and athletes on signs of eating disorders and how to address them. Emphasize the health risks of low body weight and body fat percentage.

Which of the following factors could increase sweat rate significantly enough that the likelihood of dehydration might occur during a training session? Select all that apply.

Exercising in helmet and shoulder pads Exercising in hot and/or humid conditions Exercising at a high intensity for a long period of time

A person with a higher body fat percentage will carry a higher percentage of their body weight as water.

False

Basal metabolic rate decreases most rapidly in women after the age of 40.

False

During recovery from exercise in a hot, humid environment, rehydration should be designed to replace 100-150% of the water lost during exercise and contain approximately 3.5 g of sodium per liter of fluid.

False

Exercise dependence is an official diagnosis outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) and describes a condition in which a person is preoccupied with exercise and training to the extent that the person engages in excessive levels of exercise that result in physiological and psychological consequences.

False

Moderate caffeine intake of as little as 240 mg/day, or approximately 2 cups of coffee, can lead to dehydration due to its diuretic effects, but may also provide a performance benefit.

False

How does gastric bypass surgery result in weight loss?

Fewer calories and nutrients are absorbed.

Deficiency of which of the following vitamins could put an athlete at increased risk of anemia? Select all that apply.

Folate B12

Which of the following heat-related pathologies requires immediate medical attention and aggressive cooling efforts?

Heatstroke

Which portion of the brain regulates hunger and satiety?

Hypothalamus

According to the 2012 Institute of Medicine report "Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention: Solving the Weight of the Nation," which goals, if implemented collectively, could make strides in obesity prevention? Select all that apply.

Implementing policies and procedures to ensure that healthy food and beverage options are routine Ensuring coverage for, access to, and incentives for obesity prevention, screening, and diagnosis Making physical activity a routine part of daily life

A carbohydrate-rich meal 3 to 4 hours prior to competition benefits an endurance athlete in which of the following ways?

Increases muscle and liver glycogen stores

What effect will be seen in the urine of a person who is dehydrated?

It will be darker

An endurance athlete who is consuming too few calories to support basic metabolic needs and fuel exercise would be characterized in which of the following states?

Low energy availability

Which of the following would be considered benefits of a hyperhydration protocol prior to intensive training? Select all that apply.

Maintenance of high fluid volume Offset of core temperature increase Delayed dehydration

According to the Weight Management position statement of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, which of the following components may be included in a discussion about weight management? Select all that apply.

Nutrition, exercise and other relevant behaviors Prevention of weight gain Improvement in physical and emotional health

What is metabolically healthy obesity?

Obesity without associated cardiovascular risk factors

When is the best time for an athlete to attempt to optimize weight and change body composition?

Off-season

The ability to make permanent lifestyle changes is key to the effectiveness of a weight loss program. According to the National Institutes of Health, how much weight do typical dieters regain within 1 year?

One-third to two-thirds of weight lost

What is the recommended treatment for an athlete who is dehydrated but conscious, cognizant, not demonstrating any type of gastrointestinal upset, and not at risk for hyponatremia?

Oral fluids

Which of the following factors contribute to the reasons that older adults have higher rates of obesity than younger adults? Select all that apply.

Poor habits like skipping meals Decreased muscle mass Medications Decreased physical activity

Which of the following are physiologic functions of water? Select all that apply.

Promoting nutrient absorption Protecting vital organs Maintaining high blood volume Regulating body temperature

Why is increased protein consumption especially important when a person begins a strength training program?

Protein is necessary to promote the increased rate of muscle building.

When the ambient air temperature exceeds that of body temperature, which type of heat transfer ability is lost?

Radiation

Which of the following behaviors will occur at some point in a patient diagnosed with body dysmorphic disorder? Select all that apply.

Seeking constant reassurance that one's appearance is acceptable Repeatedly comparing appearance with that of others Excessive grooming

Consumption of four to five smaller meals and snacks with the majority of calories eaten earlier in the day

Sibutramine

In what geographic region of the United States are obesity rates the highest?

Southeast

Which of the following strength training guidelines are included in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Physical Activity Guidelines?

Strength training for all major muscles groups should occur twice per week.

For athletes wishing to gain weight, what approach should be combined with consuming additional calories?

Strength training to increase muscle mass

Which of the following strategies is considered to be healthy and effective in promoting weight loss and weight maintenance? Select all that apply.

Strict attention to portion control Combination of behavioral therapy with dietary and activity changes Consumption of four to five smaller meals and snacks with the majority of calories eaten earlier in the day

Which of the following factors can influence the body's water volume? Select all that apply.

Sweat rate Food and drink consumed Urine and feces excretion Water loss from breathing

Approximately 25% of elite female athletes in endurance, aesthetic, or weight-class sports suffer from disordered eating or some form of the female athlete triad.

True

Of adults with anorexia severe enough to require hospitalization, 25% to 50% fully recover.

True

The key purpose of extracellular fluid is to allow for metabolic exchange.

True

Which assessment tool would provide information on fat distribution?

Waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio

Which of the following most accurately describes the research regarding the type of protein that should be consumed following a resistance workout to promote muscle hypertrophy? Select all that apply.

Whey and soy (rapidly digested proteins) seem to promote muscle protein synthesis. High-quality proteins, containing all the essential amino acids, produce the best effects. Casein and milk (slowly digested proteins) seem to decrease muscle protein breakdown. Research is inconclusive regarding the best protein to promote hypertrophy.

Which of the following athletes is at highest risk for participating in weight cycling practices?

Wrestler

Which of the following athletes are at risk of beginning an exercise session already dehydrated? Select all that apply.

Wrestler preparing to qualify for a weight class Body builder participating in a competition in the next few days Track sprinter participating in four different events

Osmotic pressure is the force that moves water from________ to ___________ solutions.

dilute, concentrated

Children are at increased risk of heat illness compared to adults.

true