Matter Review
which of the following would be an isotope of aluminum. A. Atom A: mass number=24, atomic number=13 B. Atom B: mass number=24, atomic number=12 C. Atom C: mass number=26, atomic number=14 D. Atom D: mass number=22, atomic number=11
A. Atom A: mass number=24, atomic number=13
In a mixture the substances involved (can/cannot) be separated by a simple physical process
Can
In a compound the elements involved (can/cannot) be separated by a simple physical process because the elements are (physically combined/chemically bonded
Cannot, Chemically bonded
physical change
Change in which the identity of the substance does NOT change
chemical property
Characteristic of matter that can be only be observed when one substance changes into a different substance, such as iron into rust
physical property
Characteristic of matter that can be seen through direct observation such as density, melting point, and boiling point
Physical or Chemical change Ag (Silver) Tarnishes
Chemical
Physical or Chemical change Baking soda reacts to vinger
Chemical
Physical or Chemical change Fe (iron) rusts
Chemical
Physical or Chemical change Milk sours
Chemical
Physical or Chemical change Pancakes cook
Chemical
Physical or Chemical change Wood rots
Chemical
Physical or Chemical change food is digested
Chemical
Physical or Chemical change grass grows
Chemical
Physical or Chemical Property? Ability to rust
Chemical - Reacts with oxygen to produce rust
Physical or Chemical Property? Reactivity with vinegar
Chemical - Reacts with vinegar to produce new substances
Physical or Chemical Property? flammability
Chemical - The ability to burn
Mixture--
Concrete, sugar + pure water, orange juice (w/pulp), Pacific Ocean, Tap water in a glass, Soil, Chex mix, Salt + pure water, Muddy water, Brass (Cu mixed with Zn), Wood, Air, Bronze, Milk, Gasoline, Pail of Garbage, Ink, Popcorn, A dog, an animal, pizza, concrete
True or False : An element can be broken down into a simpler substance
False
True or False : a mixture is always made up of a combination of elements
False
Element--
Iron filings (Fe), Helium inside a balloon, Aluminum (Al), Chromium (Cr), Pencil lead (Pb), SIlver (Ag), Diamond, Krypton, Bismuth, Uranium, Titanium, Iron, Gold
Compare a mixture and a compound. How are they alike?
Matter that is made of different components
Contract a mixture and a compound. How are they different
Mixture components are physically connected. Compound components are chemically connected
The smallest identifiable units of a compound is a _______, which is made up of ______ which are chemically bonded
Molecule, atoms/elements
Physical or Chemical change Alcohol evaporates
Physical
Physical or Chemical change An apple is cut
Physical
Physical or Chemical change Heat changes H2O to steam
Physical
Physical or Chemical change Ice melts
Physical
Physical or Chemical change NaCl (Table salt) dissolves in water
Physical
Physical or Chemical change Paper towel absorbs water
Physical
Physical or Chemical change Sugar dissolves in water
Physical
Physical or Chemical change a tire is inflated
Physical
Physical or Chemical Property? Elasticity
Physical - Ability to be stretched or compressed then return to original size
Physical or Chemical Property? Ductility
Physical - Ability to bend without breaking
Physical or Chemical Property? Density
Physical - Mass per unit Volume
Physical or Chemical Property? Boiling point
Physical - Temperature at which a substance goes from liquid to gas
Physical or Chemical Property? Melting Point
Physical - Temperature at which a substance goes from solid to a liquid
Physical or Chemical Property? Brittleness
Physical - Tendency to crack or break
Physical or Chemical Property? Transparency
Physical - The property of letting light pass through something
In a mixture, the substances (lose/retain) their identities
Retain
Solution--
Salt Water, Lemonade
heterogeneous mixture~~
Summer sausage, Dirt, Pepsim A burritos Italian dressing, Chicken Soup
chemical change
Transforms one type of matter into another king, which may have different properties
True or False : A mixture is not a chemical combining of substances
True
What is the mass of a proton or a neutrons? a. 1 amu b. 2 amu c. 1 gram d. 0.34 amu
a. 1 amu
Which scientist wrote the atomic theory a. Dalton b. Rutherford c. Thomson d. Schrodinger
a. Dalton
Who said hat everything in the universe is made up of tiny particles called atoms a. Democritus b. Dalton c. Thomson d. Rutherford
a. Democritus
Homogeneous mixtures have the same ___ throughout the mixture a. composition b. chemical properties c. physical properties d. stability
a. composition
___ are composed of two or more different elements a. compounds b. molecules c. mixture
a. compounds
What are the three subatomic particles found in an atom a. electrons, protons neutrons b. neutrons, photon, electron c. electron, proton, ion d. proton, neutron, isotope
a. electrons, protons neutrons
A state in which matter has a definite shape and volume is called _____ a. solid b. liquid c. gas
a. solid
Filtration is a method used by chemists to separate _____ a. solid-liquid mixtures b. solid-solid mixtures c. liquid-gas mixtures d. liquid-liquid mixtures
a. solid-liquid mixtures (sometimes b)
What does the atomic number tell about an atom? a. the number of protons b. the number of protons and neutrons c. the number of electrons d. the number of neutrons
a. the number of protons
Condensing is when you cool a vapor (gas) to turn it back to a liquid. a. true b. false
a. true
How many significant figures are there in 0.0001? a. 2 b. 1 c. 3 d. 4
b. 1
E. Which scientist used experiments to find nucleus of an atom ? a. Dalton b. Rutherford c. Thomson d. Schrodinger
b. Rutherford
A change in matter that does not form a different kind of matter is called a. a chemical change b. a physical change
b. a physical change
This is the basic unit of matter a. photon b. atom c. molecule d. compound
b. atom
which of the following best describes carbon monoxide a. element b. compound c. homogeneous mixture d. heterogeneous mixture
b. compound
Two or more different elements are combined in definite proportions in any _______ a. element b. compounds c. isotopes d. symbols
b. compounds
Water (H2O) and salt (NaCl) are what? a. elements b. compounds c. mixtures d. solutions
b. compounds
Which of the following units comprises an element a. homogenous mixtures b. compounds c. atoms d. heterogenous mixtures
b. compounds
A liquid takes the shape of its ____ and does not have its own ____ a. money, air pressure b. container, shape c. container, gas d. car, checking account
b. container, shape
A mixture with uniform compositions throughout a. heterogeneous mixture b. homogeneous mixture c. solid d. mass
b. homogeneous mixture
Which of the following is not a property of an element a. it is pure b. it can be decomposed into simpler substances c. it is homogenous d. they can be combined to form compounds
b. it can be decomposed into simpler substances
What is matter classifies as? a. compounds and mixtures b. mixtures and substances c. elements and mixtures d. solutions and colloids
b. mixtures and substances
The central part of the atom is called the ____ a. nucleous b. nucleus c. neutron d. nuclear
b. nucleus
Homogeneous mixtures are a. elements b. solutions c. properties d substances
b. solutions
____ developed the plum pudding model of the atom a. rutherford b. thomson c. Bohr
b. thomson
The change from the liquid to the gas state of matter a. freezing b. vaporization c. melting
b. vaporization
Potassium has an atomic number of 19 and a mass number of 39, So it has ____ neutrons a. 19 b. 18 c. 20 d. 21
c. 20
If an atom has a mass number of 14 and an atomic number of 9, then how many neutrons does the atom have in its nucleus a. 3 b. 7 c. 5 d. 6
c. 5
A mixture is a. A combination of pure substances that are bonded chemically d. Any substances with a uniform composition c. A physical combination of two or more kinds of matter, as long as each maintains its own unique properties d. any group of elements chemically to one another
c. A physical combination of two or more kinds of matter, as long as each maintains its own unique properties
Which scientist used gold foil in his experiment? a. Dalton b. Rutherford c. Thomson d. Schrodinger
c. Thomson
Cereal is an example of a. a solution b. a molecule c. a mixture
c. a mixture
A scientist finds that a sample of matter contains three types of atoms. The sample can be any of the following EXCEPT a. a compound b. a mixture c. an element d. a molecule
c. an element
Rutherford proved all the following except a. atoms are mostly made of empty space b. atoms ave space between them c. atoms have negative electrical change d. atoms have a dense central core
c. atoms have negative electrical change
Where are electrons located in an atom? a. nucleus b. center c. electron cloud d. everywhere
c. electron cloud
D. What did JJ Thomson discover? a. protons b. Neutrons c. electrons d. quarks
c. electrons
The periodic table is a table for the ____ a. matter b. rocks c. elements d. chemistry
c. elements
The other name for groups within the periodic table is a. periods b. relatives c. families d. metals
c. families
the change of state from a liquid to a solid a. melting b. boiling c. freezing
c. freezing
In what state of matter do molecules bounce off one another rapidly and act freely a. solid b. liquid c. gas d. air
c. gas
which state of matter is easily compressed and easily changes shape to fill its container? a. solid b. liquid c. gas d. plasma
c. gas
The vertical columns on the Periodic Table are called a. periods b. rows c. groups d. elements
c. groups
Which of the following is NOT a property of the compound a. it can be decomposed into simpler substances b. It can be homogenous c. it can be formed by physically combining two or more elements d. it consists of elements
c. it can be formed by physically combining two or more elements
Sand is dropped into a breaker of iron filings. This is an example of a(n) a. electrolysis b. element c. mixtures d. compound
c. mixtures
The horizontal rows of periodic table are called? a. groups b. lines c. periods d. periodic law.
c. periods
What is it called when matter changes from one state of matter to another? a. water cycle b. heat energy c. physical change d. matter
c. physical change
C. Which of the following models visualized the atoms as being a positive mass with negatively charged particles spread throughout the mass? a. nuclear model b. orbital model c. plum pudding model d. bohr model
c. plum pudding model
Which parts of the atom are located in the nucleus? a. electrons and protons b. neutrons and electrons c. protons and neutrons d. protons only
c. protons and neutrons
Sublimation is a change from a a. solid to a liquid b. gas to a liquid c. solid to a gas d. liquid to a solid
c. solid to a gas
Physical or Chemical change A bicycle changes color as it rusts
chemical
Physical or Chemical change A marshmallow is toasted over a campfire
chemical
Physical or Chemical change Two chemical are mixed together and a gas is produce.
chemical
Physical or Chemical change Two substances are mixed and light is produced
chemical
heterogeneous--
concrete, orange juice (w/pulp), Pacific Ocean, Soil, Chex mix, muddy water,
gas to liquid
condensation
___ is credited with formulating the modern atomic theory of matter, which has remained essentially intact up to the present time. a. Archimedes b. Lavoisier c. Proust d. Dalton
d. Dalton
A. Which of the following statements best summarizes the modern model of the atom a. protons travel in circular paths around a charged nucleus b. Negative electrons are found in positive matter c. Matter is composed of identical and indivisible particles d. Electrons are likely to be found in orbitals around the nucleus
d. Electrons are likely to be found in orbitals around the nucleus
F. In a famous experiment conducted by Emest Rutherford, positively charged alpha particles were scattered by a thing gold foil. Which of the following is a conclusion that resulted from this experiment? a. The nucleus is negatively charged b. the atom is a dense solid and is indivisible c. the mass is conserved when atoms react chemically d. The nucleus is very small and the atom is mostly empty space
d. The nucleus is very small and the atom is mostly empty space
Tap water is a. an element b. a compound c. a substance d. a mixture
d. a mixture (pure water is a compound/substance)
Which of the following statements are not apart of Daltons atomic theory a. all elements are composed of tiny indivisible particles called atoms b. atoms of the same element are identical c. atoms of different elements can physically mix together or can be chemically combined to form compounds d. all of the above are part of Daltons Theory
d. all of the above are part of Daltons Theory
Which of the following cannot be classifies as a mixture? a. milk b. brass c. a solution d. gold
d. gold
Which of the following best classifies dirt? a. element b. compound c. homogeneous mixture d. heterogeneous mixture
d. heterogeneous mixture
What does the mass number of an atom tell you about the atom a. number of electrons b. number of protons c. number of neutrons d. number of protons and neutrons
d. number of protons and neutrons
It has a volume that stays the same, but it can change shape. What is it? a. gas b. solid c. mass d. liquid
d. solid
The particles of matter making up a ____ are backed together tightly a. piece b. liquid c. gas d. solid
d. solid
B. Which of the following statements is consistent with Dalton's model of the atom? a. The atom contains protons, neutrons and electrons b. The atom has a postitive nucleus c. The atom contains a positive nucleus with electrons in circular pathways called orbits surrounding the nucleus d. the atom is indivisible and cant be destroyed
d. the atom is indivisible and cant be destroyed
liquid to gas
evaporation
liquid to solid
freezing
Pure substances--
iron filings (Fe), Limestone (CaCO3), helium inside a balloon, Aluminum (Al), Magnesium (Mg), Acetylene (C2H2), Pure water (H2O), Chromium (Cr), Benzene (C6H6), Baking soda (NaHCO3)
Compound--
limestone (CaCO3), Acetylene (C2H2), Pure water (H2O), Benzene (C6H6), Baking soda (NaHCO3), Steam, Toothpaste
Solid to liquid
melting
Physical or Chemical change A marshmallow is cut in half
physical
Physical or Chemical change A solid is crushed to a powder
physical
Physical or Chemical change An ice cube is placed in the sun. Later there is a puddle of water. Later still the puddle is gone
physical
Physical or Chemical change Chocolate syrup is dissolved in milk
physical
Physical or Chemical change mixing salt and pepper
physical
Physical or Chemical change A piece of ice melts and reacts with sodium
physical and chemical
homogeneous--
sugar + pure water, tap water in a glass, salt + pure water, brass (Cu mixed with Zn),
