Matter Review

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which of the following would be an isotope of aluminum. A. Atom A: mass number=24, atomic number=13 B. Atom B: mass number=24, atomic number=12 C. Atom C: mass number=26, atomic number=14 D. Atom D: mass number=22, atomic number=11

A. Atom A: mass number=24, atomic number=13

In a mixture the substances involved (can/cannot) be separated by a simple physical process

Can

In a compound the elements involved (can/cannot) be separated by a simple physical process because the elements are (physically combined/chemically bonded

Cannot, Chemically bonded

physical change

Change in which the identity of the substance does NOT change

chemical property

Characteristic of matter that can be only be observed when one substance changes into a different substance, such as iron into rust

physical property

Characteristic of matter that can be seen through direct observation such as density, melting point, and boiling point

Physical or Chemical change Ag (Silver) Tarnishes

Chemical

Physical or Chemical change Baking soda reacts to vinger

Chemical

Physical or Chemical change Fe (iron) rusts

Chemical

Physical or Chemical change Milk sours

Chemical

Physical or Chemical change Pancakes cook

Chemical

Physical or Chemical change Wood rots

Chemical

Physical or Chemical change food is digested

Chemical

Physical or Chemical change grass grows

Chemical

Physical or Chemical Property? Ability to rust

Chemical - Reacts with oxygen to produce rust

Physical or Chemical Property? Reactivity with vinegar

Chemical - Reacts with vinegar to produce new substances

Physical or Chemical Property? flammability

Chemical - The ability to burn

Mixture--

Concrete, sugar + pure water, orange juice (w/pulp), Pacific Ocean, Tap water in a glass, Soil, Chex mix, Salt + pure water, Muddy water, Brass (Cu mixed with Zn), Wood, Air, Bronze, Milk, Gasoline, Pail of Garbage, Ink, Popcorn, A dog, an animal, pizza, concrete

True or False : An element can be broken down into a simpler substance

False

True or False : a mixture is always made up of a combination of elements

False

Element--

Iron filings (Fe), Helium inside a balloon, Aluminum (Al), Chromium (Cr), Pencil lead (Pb), SIlver (Ag), Diamond, Krypton, Bismuth, Uranium, Titanium, Iron, Gold

Compare a mixture and a compound. How are they alike?

Matter that is made of different components

Contract a mixture and a compound. How are they different

Mixture components are physically connected. Compound components are chemically connected

The smallest identifiable units of a compound is a _______, which is made up of ______ which are chemically bonded

Molecule, atoms/elements

Physical or Chemical change Alcohol evaporates

Physical

Physical or Chemical change An apple is cut

Physical

Physical or Chemical change Heat changes H2O to steam

Physical

Physical or Chemical change Ice melts

Physical

Physical or Chemical change NaCl (Table salt) dissolves in water

Physical

Physical or Chemical change Paper towel absorbs water

Physical

Physical or Chemical change Sugar dissolves in water

Physical

Physical or Chemical change a tire is inflated

Physical

Physical or Chemical Property? Elasticity

Physical - Ability to be stretched or compressed then return to original size

Physical or Chemical Property? Ductility

Physical - Ability to bend without breaking

Physical or Chemical Property? Density

Physical - Mass per unit Volume

Physical or Chemical Property? Boiling point

Physical - Temperature at which a substance goes from liquid to gas

Physical or Chemical Property? Melting Point

Physical - Temperature at which a substance goes from solid to a liquid

Physical or Chemical Property? Brittleness

Physical - Tendency to crack or break

Physical or Chemical Property? Transparency

Physical - The property of letting light pass through something

In a mixture, the substances (lose/retain) their identities

Retain

Solution--

Salt Water, Lemonade

heterogeneous mixture~~

Summer sausage, Dirt, Pepsim A burritos Italian dressing, Chicken Soup

chemical change

Transforms one type of matter into another king, which may have different properties

True or False : A mixture is not a chemical combining of substances

True

What is the mass of a proton or a neutrons? a. 1 amu b. 2 amu c. 1 gram d. 0.34 amu

a. 1 amu

Which scientist wrote the atomic theory a. Dalton b. Rutherford c. Thomson d. Schrodinger

a. Dalton

Who said hat everything in the universe is made up of tiny particles called atoms a. Democritus b. Dalton c. Thomson d. Rutherford

a. Democritus

Homogeneous mixtures have the same ___ throughout the mixture a. composition b. chemical properties c. physical properties d. stability

a. composition

___ are composed of two or more different elements a. compounds b. molecules c. mixture

a. compounds

What are the three subatomic particles found in an atom a. electrons, protons neutrons b. neutrons, photon, electron c. electron, proton, ion d. proton, neutron, isotope

a. electrons, protons neutrons

A state in which matter has a definite shape and volume is called _____ a. solid b. liquid c. gas

a. solid

Filtration is a method used by chemists to separate _____ a. solid-liquid mixtures b. solid-solid mixtures c. liquid-gas mixtures d. liquid-liquid mixtures

a. solid-liquid mixtures (sometimes b)

What does the atomic number tell about an atom? a. the number of protons b. the number of protons and neutrons c. the number of electrons d. the number of neutrons

a. the number of protons

Condensing is when you cool a vapor (gas) to turn it back to a liquid. a. true b. false

a. true

How many significant figures are there in 0.0001? a. 2 b. 1 c. 3 d. 4

b. 1

E. Which scientist used experiments to find nucleus of an atom ? a. Dalton b. Rutherford c. Thomson d. Schrodinger

b. Rutherford

A change in matter that does not form a different kind of matter is called a. a chemical change b. a physical change

b. a physical change

This is the basic unit of matter a. photon b. atom c. molecule d. compound

b. atom

which of the following best describes carbon monoxide a. element b. compound c. homogeneous mixture d. heterogeneous mixture

b. compound

Two or more different elements are combined in definite proportions in any _______ a. element b. compounds c. isotopes d. symbols

b. compounds

Water (H2O) and salt (NaCl) are what? a. elements b. compounds c. mixtures d. solutions

b. compounds

Which of the following units comprises an element a. homogenous mixtures b. compounds c. atoms d. heterogenous mixtures

b. compounds

A liquid takes the shape of its ____ and does not have its own ____ a. money, air pressure b. container, shape c. container, gas d. car, checking account

b. container, shape

A mixture with uniform compositions throughout a. heterogeneous mixture b. homogeneous mixture c. solid d. mass

b. homogeneous mixture

Which of the following is not a property of an element a. it is pure b. it can be decomposed into simpler substances c. it is homogenous d. they can be combined to form compounds

b. it can be decomposed into simpler substances

What is matter classifies as? a. compounds and mixtures b. mixtures and substances c. elements and mixtures d. solutions and colloids

b. mixtures and substances

The central part of the atom is called the ____ a. nucleous b. nucleus c. neutron d. nuclear

b. nucleus

Homogeneous mixtures are a. elements b. solutions c. properties d substances

b. solutions

____ developed the plum pudding model of the atom a. rutherford b. thomson c. Bohr

b. thomson

The change from the liquid to the gas state of matter a. freezing b. vaporization c. melting

b. vaporization

Potassium has an atomic number of 19 and a mass number of 39, So it has ____ neutrons a. 19 b. 18 c. 20 d. 21

c. 20

If an atom has a mass number of 14 and an atomic number of 9, then how many neutrons does the atom have in its nucleus a. 3 b. 7 c. 5 d. 6

c. 5

A mixture is a. A combination of pure substances that are bonded chemically d. Any substances with a uniform composition c. A physical combination of two or more kinds of matter, as long as each maintains its own unique properties d. any group of elements chemically to one another

c. A physical combination of two or more kinds of matter, as long as each maintains its own unique properties

Which scientist used gold foil in his experiment? a. Dalton b. Rutherford c. Thomson d. Schrodinger

c. Thomson

Cereal is an example of a. a solution b. a molecule c. a mixture

c. a mixture

A scientist finds that a sample of matter contains three types of atoms. The sample can be any of the following EXCEPT a. a compound b. a mixture c. an element d. a molecule

c. an element

Rutherford proved all the following except a. atoms are mostly made of empty space b. atoms ave space between them c. atoms have negative electrical change d. atoms have a dense central core

c. atoms have negative electrical change

Where are electrons located in an atom? a. nucleus b. center c. electron cloud d. everywhere

c. electron cloud

D. What did JJ Thomson discover? a. protons b. Neutrons c. electrons d. quarks

c. electrons

The periodic table is a table for the ____ a. matter b. rocks c. elements d. chemistry

c. elements

The other name for groups within the periodic table is a. periods b. relatives c. families d. metals

c. families

the change of state from a liquid to a solid a. melting b. boiling c. freezing

c. freezing

In what state of matter do molecules bounce off one another rapidly and act freely a. solid b. liquid c. gas d. air

c. gas

which state of matter is easily compressed and easily changes shape to fill its container? a. solid b. liquid c. gas d. plasma

c. gas

The vertical columns on the Periodic Table are called a. periods b. rows c. groups d. elements

c. groups

Which of the following is NOT a property of the compound a. it can be decomposed into simpler substances b. It can be homogenous c. it can be formed by physically combining two or more elements d. it consists of elements

c. it can be formed by physically combining two or more elements

Sand is dropped into a breaker of iron filings. This is an example of a(n) a. electrolysis b. element c. mixtures d. compound

c. mixtures

The horizontal rows of periodic table are called? a. groups b. lines c. periods d. periodic law.

c. periods

What is it called when matter changes from one state of matter to another? a. water cycle b. heat energy c. physical change d. matter

c. physical change

C. Which of the following models visualized the atoms as being a positive mass with negatively charged particles spread throughout the mass? a. nuclear model b. orbital model c. plum pudding model d. bohr model

c. plum pudding model

Which parts of the atom are located in the nucleus? a. electrons and protons b. neutrons and electrons c. protons and neutrons d. protons only

c. protons and neutrons

Sublimation is a change from a a. solid to a liquid b. gas to a liquid c. solid to a gas d. liquid to a solid

c. solid to a gas

Physical or Chemical change A bicycle changes color as it rusts

chemical

Physical or Chemical change A marshmallow is toasted over a campfire

chemical

Physical or Chemical change Two chemical are mixed together and a gas is produce.

chemical

Physical or Chemical change Two substances are mixed and light is produced

chemical

heterogeneous--

concrete, orange juice (w/pulp), Pacific Ocean, Soil, Chex mix, muddy water,

gas to liquid

condensation

___ is credited with formulating the modern atomic theory of matter, which has remained essentially intact up to the present time. a. Archimedes b. Lavoisier c. Proust d. Dalton

d. Dalton

A. Which of the following statements best summarizes the modern model of the atom a. protons travel in circular paths around a charged nucleus b. Negative electrons are found in positive matter c. Matter is composed of identical and indivisible particles d. Electrons are likely to be found in orbitals around the nucleus

d. Electrons are likely to be found in orbitals around the nucleus

F. In a famous experiment conducted by Emest Rutherford, positively charged alpha particles were scattered by a thing gold foil. Which of the following is a conclusion that resulted from this experiment? a. The nucleus is negatively charged b. the atom is a dense solid and is indivisible c. the mass is conserved when atoms react chemically d. The nucleus is very small and the atom is mostly empty space

d. The nucleus is very small and the atom is mostly empty space

Tap water is a. an element b. a compound c. a substance d. a mixture

d. a mixture (pure water is a compound/substance)

Which of the following statements are not apart of Daltons atomic theory a. all elements are composed of tiny indivisible particles called atoms b. atoms of the same element are identical c. atoms of different elements can physically mix together or can be chemically combined to form compounds d. all of the above are part of Daltons Theory

d. all of the above are part of Daltons Theory

Which of the following cannot be classifies as a mixture? a. milk b. brass c. a solution d. gold

d. gold

Which of the following best classifies dirt? a. element b. compound c. homogeneous mixture d. heterogeneous mixture

d. heterogeneous mixture

What does the mass number of an atom tell you about the atom a. number of electrons b. number of protons c. number of neutrons d. number of protons and neutrons

d. number of protons and neutrons

It has a volume that stays the same, but it can change shape. What is it? a. gas b. solid c. mass d. liquid

d. solid

The particles of matter making up a ____ are backed together tightly a. piece b. liquid c. gas d. solid

d. solid

B. Which of the following statements is consistent with Dalton's model of the atom? a. The atom contains protons, neutrons and electrons b. The atom has a postitive nucleus c. The atom contains a positive nucleus with electrons in circular pathways called orbits surrounding the nucleus d. the atom is indivisible and cant be destroyed

d. the atom is indivisible and cant be destroyed

liquid to gas

evaporation

liquid to solid

freezing

Pure substances--

iron filings (Fe), Limestone (CaCO3), helium inside a balloon, Aluminum (Al), Magnesium (Mg), Acetylene (C2H2), Pure water (H2O), Chromium (Cr), Benzene (C6H6), Baking soda (NaHCO3)

Compound--

limestone (CaCO3), Acetylene (C2H2), Pure water (H2O), Benzene (C6H6), Baking soda (NaHCO3), Steam, Toothpaste

Solid to liquid

melting

Physical or Chemical change A marshmallow is cut in half

physical

Physical or Chemical change A solid is crushed to a powder

physical

Physical or Chemical change An ice cube is placed in the sun. Later there is a puddle of water. Later still the puddle is gone

physical

Physical or Chemical change Chocolate syrup is dissolved in milk

physical

Physical or Chemical change mixing salt and pepper

physical

Physical or Chemical change A piece of ice melts and reacts with sodium

physical and chemical

homogeneous--

sugar + pure water, tap water in a glass, salt + pure water, brass (Cu mixed with Zn),


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