Kinesiology 2530 Chapter 12

even though many sporting events have low ratings, tv companies want to broadcast them because they fill "dead time" on weekends and because they

attract audiences that sponsors want to reach

the sports journalists most likely to avoid stereotypes related to ethnicity and nationality are those who have

learned about the racial or ethnic heritage of the players they cover

The chapter on sports and the media is based on the assumption that

media content informs people's experiences

which of the following is an accurate statement about sports and the media

media coverage involves selective representations of sports

patterns associated with gender in the media coverage of sports have been slow to change because

media organizations are gendered institutions

according to critical studies scholar Garry Crawford, much of the language used in the media to describe sports stars draws on the narrative of

melodrama

research on media audiences shows that

men and women who live together often watch sports together

research on media coverage of men's and women's sports has generally found that

men's sports receive about 95 percent of all sports coverage in the media

compared to past coverage, current media representations of race and ethnicity

present fewer narratives that reproduce racist stereotypes

tensions between elite athletes and sports writers have intensified as

salary differences between athletes and sportswriters have increased

a person in the U.S. who watches sports on network tv

sees and hears commercials during 20 percent of their time

studies of the relationship between consuming media sports and the actions of spectators show that

the media have had a positive effect on attendance at all sporting events

sports media programming has become increasingly diverse over the past three decades. as a result of this

the audiences for media sports have been fragmented

in recent years, 80 percent of the highest rated tv programs in the U.S. have been

NFL games

gold and tennis are frequently covered on tv because they

attract ad revenues from companies hoping to reach high income consumers

the amount of news space given to coverage of sports in major city newspapers is

about 50 percent

ESPN provides more sports programming in the U.S. than any other media company. ESPN executives have tried to increase their profits in recent years by

adopting a "stick to sports" approach in their programming

new media, including all digital and social media, have impacted sports primarily by

altering relationships in the production and consumption of sports content

fantasy sport leagues allow media sport consumers to put themselves in the position of

an owner of a sports team

as esports have become more popular among young people, they have been

approved as official high school varsity or club sports in many U.S. states

the images and commentary in a televised representation of a sporting event are

carefully edited and selected for many different reasons

the most effective way to reduce subtle forms of racial, ethnic, and national bias in the media coverage of sports is to hire at all levels of media production people who

come from diverse racial, ethnic, and national backgrounds

the sport media relationship in the U.S. is organized so that

commercial form of media and sports depend on each other for profits

nearly all television broadcasts of sports events are sponsored by

corporations and other for profit businesses

the upward mobility of women in sports reporting and announcing for men's sporting events largely depends on

covering men's events in ways that reaffirm how men have covered them

major sport media companies like fantasy sports because they

create loyal media consumers and new revenues

research by Mike Messner and Cheryl and their colleague shows that between 1989 and 2012 the tv air time given to women's sports in news and highlight programs

declined to the point that it almost disappeared

the major sociological question about the internet is whether it will

democratize social life or become tools to promote capitalist expansion

most media content is tied to power relations in the sense that they

emphasize images and messages consistent with dominant ideologies

which of the following is NOT provided by the media

distortion

over the past few decades, independent, investigative journalism has nearly disappeared. emerging in its place has been

entertainment journalism

sports coverage in the media generally consists of images and narratives that

exaggerate the spectacular and create drama

at this time, people generally use online access to

extend and complement what traditional media already provided

large mainstream media companies are currently lobbying federal legislators to

extend their control over how new media are used

the author notes that as more people go online and stream coverage of national and international sports, the print editions of local newspapers

focus more coverage on local high school and college teams

when the media are privately owned and depend on audience ratings, televised sports events are "reproduced" in a way that usually emphasizes

forms of soap opera like storytelling

the marriage of sports and the media is held together by vast amounts of corporate money and the desire of corporate executives

foster a way of life that is based on consumption

the internet is different from traditional television in that it

gives users control that can radically alter their media experiences

scholars in the sociology of sport are interested in fantasy sports because they

have "gamified" media sport consumption for many fans

women's sports events do not receive more coverage in the media partly because the viewers of women's sports

have not been identified by advertisers as a unique target audience

the people who make media content decisions as they select the images and messages to be represented to us are best described as

image and message "filters"

the rights fees for the olympic games have

increased consistently and dramatically since the 1970s

rights fees for major sports have

increased steadily through 2018

the fees paid for the exclusive rights to cover certain sports and sporting events have

increased the profitability of certain commercial sports and sporting events

research examining the legacies of the olympics for people in the country hosting games has shown consistently that watching the tv coverage of the olympics is associated with

increased viewing of televised sports

as people acquire large screens, HD tvs for their homes, stadium managers try to maintain attendance at games by

making the stadium experience more like home viewing experience

the media most dependent on sports are

newspapers and tv

research in the U.S. shows that when it comes to watching sports on tv, the men and women in male female couples

often watch together and see this as a positive thing in their relationship

as opposed to coverage in many other countries, the images and messages in tv sports in the U.S. tend to highlight

records, final scores, and competitive

when sports journalists ignore in their coverage the dynamics of living in a white dominated, white identified and white centered society, they

reproduce dominant racial ideology as they claim to be color blind

research shows that color blind media coverage of sports

reproduces the racial and ethnic status quo

when media are privately owned, their major interest is profit making; when media are controlled and operated by the state, their major interest is

shaping values and providing a public service

like hollywood films and television soap operas, the sports we see on tv are

symbolic constructions

the author notes that the media coverage of women's sports on has stated much the same over the past two decades primarily because

the culture of sports media organizations has been shaped by heterosexual men

the author notes that one of the downsides of the media sports relationships is that

the element of play has become less relevant than the element of spectacle in coverage

tensions between elite athletes and sportswriters exist primarily because

there is a lack of trust between them

information on video games that simulate real time sports shows that

the realism of game action is important for the popularity of a sport video game

the financial success of commercial sports today depends heavily on

the rights fees paid by tv companies to broadcast sport content

in the case of sports, those who control the media influence sports because

they decide which sports and events to cover and how they are covered

most media coverage of sports today represents the interests of

those who control and profit from sports

sport team owners and officials in university athletic departments are so conscious of the tensions between athletes and media personnel that they

train athletes to avoid saying things that sound bad or could be misinterpreted

the urgency and uncertainty that are so compelling in sports are best captured and represented in

visual media