Kinesiology 3-2: Self-Efficacy and Physical Activity
How can you make a Task Orientation climate
Mastering a task (goal)
Will people choose to engage in tasks that they are bad at?
No they have no motivation/ self-efficacy to have any intention of engaging
Which of the 4 sources of Efficacy is the most influential?
Past Performance
Achievement Goal Theory (AGT) looks into what?
Peoples specific goals
Ego Orientation Climate
Performance
Which of the 4 sources of Efficacy are less influential?
Verbal/social persuasion Judgments about psychological
Source of Efficacy: Vicarious Experience
Watching somebody else do it successfully raises your own efficacy
Are Perceptions of Competence and Parental Ego Orientation Different?
no they are similar
Our perceptions of success and failure influence what?
our motivation
Strength of SE with Generalizability
Generalizes best to similar activities
If you want to know somones SE for a specific thing, what do you ask them about?
Ask them about the specific task (curling), not volleyball
If they are Ego Oriented for PA, they are most likely what in general?
Ego Oriented
Task Oreintation
Focused on improving their own selves by completing goals, they compare their selves towards themselves.
Ego Orientation
Their goal is to win, be the best, relative to everyone else who is competing
Basic Tenets of Social-Cognitive Theory: Example Behavior
Going to the gym
Basic Tenets of Social-Cognitive Theory: Example Personal Factors
Good attitude about exercise
High Task Orientation is associated with what?
High positive motivated profile
What keeps Task Oriented people motivated?
High tasks, ego is considered as extra
Basic Tenets of Social-Cognitive Theory: Example Environmental Factor
His attitude trickles down to his friends
How is goal orientation related to self-efficacy?
If someone is goal oriented and they complete their goal, their self efficacy will increase
Source of Efficacy: Past Performance
If the person has failed in the past then self-efficacy is quite low, and vice versa
Which of the 4 sources of Efficacy is the least influential?
Judgments about psychological
We say we are successful if we do what?
achieve a goal
We say we fail if we do not do what
achieve our goal
Source of Efficacy Judgments about psychological
am I in the right mindset, right place, physiological emotional state
Are perceptions of competence associated with Ego Orientation or Task Orientation?
associated with both
Does SE increase or decrease after inactivity?
declines
Source of Efficacy: Verbal/social persuasion
encouraging people to do it; if a person has moderate self-efficacy it might work. But if it is low then it will do nothing
How does SE associate with affect?
high SE leads to a positive affect on emotion
3 Dimensions Which Self-Efficacy can be measured Magnitude
how consistent your self-efficacy is across all different levels
3 Dimensions Which Self-Efficacy can be measured Strength
how strongly do you believe that you're capable of performing this task?
What is the problem with a high ego orientation and low task orientation?
if you loose, you will give up. (Rhonda Rousey)
3 Dimensions Which Self-Efficacy can be measured Generality
the degree to which the efficacy beliefs transfer to unrelated or related task (Soccer player being a kicker in football vs. Being a dancer and learning how to play basketball)
Can you only be Ego Oriented/Task Oriented or can you be both?
they are not fixed, could be a mixture of both
Is it possible for someone to be High task High Ego?
yes
Describe the basic tenets of social-cognitive theory
•Behavior •Personal factors •Environmental factors • co-exist together
Biddle (2003): Findings of the Systematic Review Ego Orientation
•Belief: Ability produces success •Motives: Status/recognition, competition •Beliefs that the purpose of sport and PE is for social status and being a good citizen
Name and describe the three different goal orientations as defined by achievement goal theory
•Ego Orientation •Task Orientation •Social Approval Orientation
How can the research on goal orientations be applied to goal climates in clinical settings?
•Indicates a need to foster a more task oriented climate
Describe the results of the two systematic reviews on the determinants of self-efficacy discussed in class (Ashford et al., 2010; Williams and French, 2011). Be aware of how and why they found different results.
•Looks at the degrees of the strategies to change self-efficacy •When we were are using those strategies we can impact their SE and motivation
What are the 3 dimensions along which self-efficacy can be measured.
•Magnitude •Strength •Generality
What are some charachterisitcs of people with high SE?
•More Engaged •Persist Longer •Participate at a higher intensity or a greater effort •Enjoy the activity more
How are influential are each of the 4 sources for Self Efficacy in order from Most influential to least
•Past Performance •Vicarious Experience •Verbal/Social Persuasion •Judgments about psychological
What are the four sources of efficacy information
•Past performance •Vicarious experience •Verbal/social persuasion •Judgements about psychological
Biddle (2003): Findings of the Systematic Review Task Orientation
•People with a task orientation tend to believe that effort produces success •Their Motives: Skill Development, being a part of a team •Mastery, Fitness, and self esteem •Have perception and competence •People who are task orientated, their parents are task oriented •Tend to exhibit behaviors of motivated
What is the strength of SE as a Determinant of PA?
•Self- efficacy is a strong and consistent determinants of PA across populations
How does SE discriminate against adherers to dropouts?
•Self-efficacy can discriminated with the people who are going to stick with it. Vs dropping out
Describe how the concept of self-efficacy fits within social-cognitive theory.
•Self-efficacy is a cognition •Self-efficacy influences behavior ALOT •By engaging in the behavior it will go up
Describe the two methodological issues with self-efficacy research discussed in class.
•The measure is closely related to behavior •For it to be meaningful if has to be associated with barriers, difficulty, but if the task is easy then everyone is going to have high SE.
Basic Tenets of Social-Cognitive Theory: What is the term for each tenet being able to belong together
•Triadic reciprocal causation
How does self-efficacy influence a person's motivation?
•When we have higher self-efficacy we tend to be more motivated for that particular task