Kinesiology 3-2: Self-Efficacy and Physical Activity

How can you make a Task Orientation climate

Mastering a task (goal)

Will people choose to engage in tasks that they are bad at?

No they have no motivation/ self-efficacy to have any intention of engaging

Which of the 4 sources of Efficacy is the most influential?

Past Performance

Achievement Goal Theory (AGT) looks into what?

Peoples specific goals

Ego Orientation Climate

Performance

Which of the 4 sources of Efficacy are less influential?

Verbal/social persuasion Judgments about psychological

Source of Efficacy: Vicarious Experience

Watching somebody else do it successfully raises your own efficacy

Are Perceptions of Competence and Parental Ego Orientation Different?

no they are similar

Our perceptions of success and failure influence what?

our motivation

Strength of SE with Generalizability

Generalizes best to similar activities

If you want to know somones SE for a specific thing, what do you ask them about?

Ask them about the specific task (curling), not volleyball

If they are Ego Oriented for PA, they are most likely what in general?

Ego Oriented

Task Oreintation

Focused on improving their own selves by completing goals, they compare their selves towards themselves.

Ego Orientation

Their goal is to win, be the best, relative to everyone else who is competing

Basic Tenets of Social-Cognitive Theory: Example Behavior

Going to the gym

Basic Tenets of Social-Cognitive Theory: Example Personal Factors

Good attitude about exercise

High Task Orientation is associated with what?

High positive motivated profile

What keeps Task Oriented people motivated?

High tasks, ego is considered as extra

Basic Tenets of Social-Cognitive Theory: Example Environmental Factor

His attitude trickles down to his friends

How is goal orientation related to self-efficacy?

If someone is goal oriented and they complete their goal, their self efficacy will increase

Source of Efficacy: Past Performance

If the person has failed in the past then self-efficacy is quite low, and vice versa

Which of the 4 sources of Efficacy is the least influential?

Judgments about psychological

We say we are successful if we do what?

achieve a goal

We say we fail if we do not do what

achieve our goal

Source of Efficacy Judgments about psychological

am I in the right mindset, right place, physiological emotional state

Are perceptions of competence associated with Ego Orientation or Task Orientation?

associated with both

Does SE increase or decrease after inactivity?

declines

Source of Efficacy: Verbal/social persuasion

encouraging people to do it; if a person has moderate self-efficacy it might work. But if it is low then it will do nothing

How does SE associate with affect?

high SE leads to a positive affect on emotion

3 Dimensions Which Self-Efficacy can be measured Magnitude

how consistent your self-efficacy is across all different levels

3 Dimensions Which Self-Efficacy can be measured Strength

how strongly do you believe that you're capable of performing this task?

What is the problem with a high ego orientation and low task orientation?

if you loose, you will give up. (Rhonda Rousey)

3 Dimensions Which Self-Efficacy can be measured Generality

the degree to which the efficacy beliefs transfer to unrelated or related task (Soccer player being a kicker in football vs. Being a dancer and learning how to play basketball)

Can you only be Ego Oriented/Task Oriented or can you be both?

they are not fixed, could be a mixture of both

Is it possible for someone to be High task High Ego?

yes

Describe the basic tenets of social-cognitive theory

•Behavior •Personal factors •Environmental factors • co-exist together

Biddle (2003): Findings of the Systematic Review Ego Orientation

•Belief: Ability produces success •Motives: Status/recognition, competition •Beliefs that the purpose of sport and PE is for social status and being a good citizen

Name and describe the three different goal orientations as defined by achievement goal theory

•Ego Orientation •Task Orientation •Social Approval Orientation

How can the research on goal orientations be applied to goal climates in clinical settings?

•Indicates a need to foster a more task oriented climate

Describe the results of the two systematic reviews on the determinants of self-efficacy discussed in class (Ashford et al., 2010; Williams and French, 2011). Be aware of how and why they found different results.

•Looks at the degrees of the strategies to change self-efficacy •When we were are using those strategies we can impact their SE and motivation

What are the 3 dimensions along which self-efficacy can be measured.

•Magnitude •Strength •Generality

What are some charachterisitcs of people with high SE?

•More Engaged •Persist Longer •Participate at a higher intensity or a greater effort •Enjoy the activity more

How are influential are each of the 4 sources for Self Efficacy in order from Most influential to least

•Past Performance •Vicarious Experience •Verbal/Social Persuasion •Judgments about psychological

What are the four sources of efficacy information

•Past performance •Vicarious experience •Verbal/social persuasion •Judgements about psychological

Biddle (2003): Findings of the Systematic Review Task Orientation

•People with a task orientation tend to believe that effort produces success •Their Motives: Skill Development, being a part of a team •Mastery, Fitness, and self esteem •Have perception and competence •People who are task orientated, their parents are task oriented •Tend to exhibit behaviors of motivated

What is the strength of SE as a Determinant of PA?

•Self- efficacy is a strong and consistent determinants of PA across populations

How does SE discriminate against adherers to dropouts?

•Self-efficacy can discriminated with the people who are going to stick with it. Vs dropping out

Describe how the concept of self-efficacy fits within social-cognitive theory.

•Self-efficacy is a cognition •Self-efficacy influences behavior ALOT •By engaging in the behavior it will go up

Describe the two methodological issues with self-efficacy research discussed in class.

•The measure is closely related to behavior •For it to be meaningful if has to be associated with barriers, difficulty, but if the task is easy then everyone is going to have high SE.

Basic Tenets of Social-Cognitive Theory: What is the term for each tenet being able to belong together

•Triadic reciprocal causation

How does self-efficacy influence a person's motivation?

•When we have higher self-efficacy we tend to be more motivated for that particular task