Kinesiology
Which of the following is NOT part of the coxal bone?
sacrum
The adductor muscle group includes which muscles?
Adductor longus, Adductor brevis, Pectineus
Which of the Adductor group is antagonistic to itself (flexion/extension of the hip)?
Adductor magnus
Triceps brachii extends the shoulder and Biceps brachii flexes the shoulder. What is the term for this action relationship?
Antagonistic
Which of the following muscles supinates the forearm with the Supinator muscle?
Biceps brachii
Which muscles flex the forearm at the elbow joint?
Biceps brachii, brachioradialis, pronator teres
Which muscle accounts for much of the visibility of the contour of the Biceps brachii?
Brachialis
Which of the following muscles are synergistic to Brachioradialis?
Brachialis
Which of the following answers is a portion of the origin (proximal attachment) of Pronator teres?
Common flexer tendon
Which muscle distally attaches (inserts) on the medial shaft of the humerus and adducts the arm at the shoulder (GH) joint?
Coracobrachialis
Which is the proximal attachment (origin) for Coracobrachialis?
Coracoid process of scapula
Which of the following answers is the distal attachment (insertion) of the Pectoralis major?
Crest of the greater tubercle of the humerus
Which muscle in this group is antagonistic to itself in its actions?
Deltoid
Supraspinatus is synergistic in abduction the arm at the shoulder (GH) joint with which other muscle?
Deltoid(middle fibers)
Which statement best describes the attachments of Brachialis?
Distal anterior shaft of the humerus, ulnar tuberosity of the ulna
What is the term given for the muscular contraction when a muscle restrains or slows the movement of an opposing muscle?
Eccentric contraction
If a client has had their arm bent at the elbow in a sling for an extended time, which muscle set (by action) would likely be hypertonic?
Elbow flexors
If a muscle crosses the elbow joint posteriorly and attaches to the ulna, what action does it perform?
Extension of the forearm at the elbow joint
Which two muscles are both antagonistic and synergistic in their actions at the wrist?
Extensor carpi ulnaris, Flexor carpi ulnaris
Which muscles attach onto the lateral epicondyle of the humerus (via the common extensor tendon)?
Extensor carpi ulnaris, Supinator
If a muscle crosses the shoulder (GH) joint anteriorly with a vertical orientation to its fibers, what action does it perform on the arm?
Flexion of the arm at the glenohumeral joint
Which actions does Biceps brachii perform?
Flexion of the arm at the glenohumeral joint, Flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint
If the muscle crosses the elbow joint anteriorly and attaches to the ulna, what action does it perform?
Flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint
In which action is Brachialis a prime mover?
Flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint
Which action does the Brachioradialis perform?
Flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint
Which of the following muscles is synergistic with Extensor carpi radialis longus in the action of radial deviation of the hand at the wrist?
Flexor carpi radialis
Which muscles attach to the medial epicondyle via the common flexor tendon?
Flexor carpi ulnaris, Flexor carpi radialis, Pronator teres
Which muscles are found in the deep posterior compartment of the leg?
Flexor digitorum longus, Flexor hallucis longus
The middle Deltoid's line of pull is vertical and lateral to the joint, so its action is in which anatomical plane?
Frontal plane
Which of the posterior leg muscles has more fast twitch muscle fibers, and is used mostly for running and jumping?
Gastrocnemius
Which muscles attach on the calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon?
Gastrocnemius and Soleus
Which muscles combine to form the triceps surae?
Gastrocnemius and Soleus
Which articulation (joint) is formed where the humerus and the scapula meet?
Glenohumeral
A fractured coccyx may take years to fully heal because which muscle constantly pulls upon this bone when walking?
Gluteus maximus
Which muscle attaches to the gluteal tuberosity?
Gluteus maximus
In a posterior pelvic tilt distortion, which muscle from this group would be hypertonic?
Gluteus maximus (hip extensor)
Which pair of muscles attach (insertion) to the iliotibial band (ITB)?
Gluteus maximus, Tensor fasciae latae (TFL)
Which of the Adductor group crosses and acts on two joints?
Gracilis
What bony landmark on the humerus is the shared insertion site for three out of four rotator cuff muscles?
Greater tubercle
What type of synovial joint is the humeroulnar (elbow) joint?
Hinge diarthrotic
Which muscle attaches (origin) on the internal iliac fossa?
Iliacus
Which muscles attach (insertion) onto the lesser trochanter of the femur?
Iliacus and Psoas Major
Which statement best describes the attachments of Triceps brachii?
Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, olecranon process of ulna
Which is the distal attachment (insertion) of the Latissimus dorsi muscle?
Intertubercular groove of the humerus(medial lip)
Which statement best describes the attachments of the Deltoids?
Lateral clavicle, acromion process, the spine of the scapula, deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
Which of the following answers is the origin (proximal attachment) of Brachioradialis on the humerus?
Lateral supercondylar ridge
Which statement best describes the attachments of the Brachioradialis?
Lateral supercondylar ridge of the humerus to the styloid process of the radius
Which action does the Infraspinatus perform on the arm at the shoulder (GH) joint?
Lateral(external) rotation of the arm at the glenohumeral joint
Which action does the Teres minor perform on the arm at the shoulder (GH) joint?
Lateral(external) rotation of the arm at the glenohumeral joint
Which actions does the Pectoralis major perform?
Medial rotation and Flexion of the arm at the shoulder joint(gh)
Which actions does Latissimus dorsi perform on the arm at the shoulder (GH) joint?
Medial(internal) rotation,adduction and extension of the arm at gh joint
The sternocostal head of Pectoralis major's line of pull is in which plane?
Oblique plane
Which of the following is the insertion (distal attachment) of Triceps brachii?
Olecranon process of the ulna
Which muscle of the wrist flexor group is commonly missing in the human population?
Palmaris Longus
A common entrapment site for the brachial plexus and/or the subclavian artery is between the:
Pectoralis minor and the rib cage
What is the former name of Fibularis longus?
Peroneus longus
Which type of synovial joint are the radioulnar (RU) joints
Pivot
Palpation of which muscle must be done with care because it is within which endangerment site?
Popliteus, popliteal endangerment site
Which muscle is a synergist to Pronator teres in the action of pronation?
Pronator quadratus
Which of the following muscles is an antagonist to both Biceps brachii and Supinator in rotation?
Pronator quadratus
Which muscle is synergistic to Piriformis in the action of lateral rotation?
Psoas Major
Supination/pronation takes place at which joint and in which anatomical plane?
Radioulnar joint/transverse plane
Which two muscles have a general common attachment (insertion) of the medial border of the scapula?
Rhomboids and Levator scapula
Which of the following muscles is synergistic to the Trapezius (middle fibers) in retraction (adduction) of the scapula?
Rhomboids major and minor
Which muscle is synergistic to Pectoralis minor in the action of scapular protraction (abduction)?
Serratus anterior
Which muscle attaches distally (insertion) directly on the lesser tubercle of the humerus?
Subscapularis
Which muscles supinate the forearm at the radioulnar (RU) joints?
Supinator and biceps brachii
Which statement best describes the attachments of Supraspinatus?
Supraspinous fossa of the scapula and the greater tubercle of the humerus
Because all the actions of Teres major mirror Latissimus dorsi, these two muscles are.....?
Synergists
Which muscle is not a member of the rotator cuff group?
Teres major
Which muscles attach onto the lateral (axillary) border of the scapula?
Teres major/ Teres minor
Which of the following is part of the proximal attachment (origin) for the Latissimus dorsi muscle?
Thoracolumbar aponeurosis
Which muscle is most commonly the cause of anterior shin splints?
Tibialis anterior
Which muscle is synergistic to Tibialis anterior in the action of inversion of the foot?
Tibialis posterior
Horizontal adduction of the arm occurs in what anatomical plane?
Transverse
Which of the following muscle pairs are synergistic in the action of elbow extension?
Triceps brachii/Anconeus
Which statement best describes the actions of Gluteus medius?
abduction, extension and medial rotation of the thigh at the coxal joint
Which statement best states the attachments of the Tensor fasciae latae (TFL)?
anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), iliotibial band (ITB)
Which statement best describes the attachments of Sartorius?
anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), proximal medial tibial shaft
Which of the following is a reverse action of Psoas major?
bilateral flexion of the trunk
Which condition occurs due to compression of the brachial plexus nerve bundle?
brachial plexus syndrome
The lateral attachments (insertions) of the Trapezius are the same as the proximal attachments (origins) of which other muscle?
deltoid
If the muscle attaches to the scapula (insertion) and the other attachment (origin) is located inferiorly, the standard action of the scapula would be what?
depression of the scapula at the scapulocostal joint
Trapezius (lower fibers) is synergistic to Pectoralis minor in which action?
depression of the scapula at the scapulocostal joint
Which of the following actions does the Pectoralis minor perform on the scapula?
depression of the scapula at the scapulocostal joint
If a muscle crosses the talocrural (ankle) joint anteriorly with a vertical component to its fibers, what would be the action performed in the sagittal plane?
dorsiflexion of the foot
Which action does the Levator Scapulae perform and in what anatomical plane?
downward rotation of the scapula in the frontal plane
In which two actions is Trapezius antagonistic to itself?
elevation and depression of scapula
Which scapular actions do the upper fibers of Trapezius perform?
elevation and upward rotation
The Pectoralis minor is considered to be an accessory muscle of respiration due to which reverse action?
elevation of ribs 3 through 5
Levator Scapula is a very strong mover of the scapula. In which action is this muscle synergistic with the upper fibers of Trapezius?
elevation of the scapula at the scapulocostal joint
The lateral compartment of the leg is primarily responsible for which of the following actions?
eversion of the foot
What can result in chronic shortened triceps surae?
excessive use of high-heeled shoes
If a muscle crosses the wrist posteriorly, what action does perform on the hand at the wrist joint?
extension of the hand at the wrist
What is the connective tissue structure that covers the distal tendons of the wrist extensors called?
extensor retinaculum
Which statement best describes the general attachments of Gluteus minimus?
external ilium, greater trochanter of the femur
Which statement best describes the medial attachments (origins) for the Trapezius muscle?
external occipital protuberance (EOP), nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7 through T12
If a muscle crosses the wrist joint anteriorly, what action does it perform on the hand at the wrist joint?
flexion
Which actions does Flexor carpi ulnaris perform?
flexion and ulnar deviation of the hand at the wrist
Which action does the Gluteus maximus restrain/slow eccentrically?
flexion of the thigh at the coxal joint
In an anterior pelvic tilt distortion, which muscles from this group would be hypertonic?
flexors of the thigh at the coxal joint
Radial and ulnar deviation of the hand at the wrist joint takes place within which anatomical plane?
frontal
Adduction/Abduction of the thigh at the coxal joint is in which anatomical plane?
frontal plane
What is another medical term for an extreme anterior tilt of the pelvis?
hyperlordosis
Which statement best states the attachments of the Plantaris muscle?
lateral condyle of the femur, calcaneus (sometimes via the calcaneal tendon)
What pathology is defined as an "inflammation of the lateral epicondyle"?
lateral epicondylitis or "tennis elbow"
Which statement best describes the attachments of the Extensor carpi radialis longus?
lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus, radial hand on the dorsal surface
Which statement best describes the general attachments of Tibialis anterior?
lateral tibial condyle, base of the first metatarsal and first medial cuneiform
What are the three heads of the Triceps brachii?
lateral, long, medial
Which statement best describes the attachments of Palmaris longus?
medial epicondyle of the humerus (via the common flexor tendon), palm of the hand
Which statement best describes the attachments of the Flexor carpi ulnaris?
medial epicondyle of the humerus (via the common flexor tendon), ulnar hand on the anterior side
The tendons of all the muscles in the deep posterior compartment of the leg run posterior to which bony landmark on their way to their insertion (distal attachment) on the foot?
medial malleolus of the tibia
Flexion of the toes is a sagittal plane action toward which surface of the foot?
plantar surface
Soleus is a prime mover in which of the following actions?
plantarflexion of the foot at the talocrural joint
If a muscle crosses the talocrural (ankle) joint posteriorly with a vertical direction to its fibers, what action does it perform at the ankle joint and in which anatomical plane?
plantarflexion of the foot, sagittal plane
Which statement best describes the attachments of Fibularis longus?
proximal lateral fibula, base of the first metatarsal and first medial cuneiform
Which statement best describes the general attachments of the Adductors group?
pubis, linea aspera of the femur, proximal tibia
What is the stabilization function/action for Serratus anterior?
pulls the scapula against the ribs to function as the stable origin for the rotator cuff
If a muscle crosses the wrist joint laterally (radially), what action does it perform on the hand at the wrist joint?
radial deviation (abduction) of the hand at the wrist joint
What action does Extensor carpi radialis longus perform?
radial deviation (abduction) of the hand at the wrist joint
If the muscle attaches to the scapula (insertion) and the other attachment (origin) is located medially, the standard action of the scapula would be what?
retraction (adduction) of the scapula at the scapulocostal joint
Which of the following actions does Rhomboid major and minor perform together?
retraction (adduction) of the scapula at the scapulocostal joint
Which muscle is the longest muscle in the body?
sartorius
If your client presents with a stooped shoulder posture from too much time at the computer, which scapular muscles would be hypertonic?
scapular depressors, scapular protractors
Which nerve root could have a path that runs deep to the Piriformis muscle and be compressed?
sciatic nerve
Tibialis anterior and Fibularis longus together are know as the:
stirrup muscles
The actions of inversion and eversion of the foot are movements at which joint?
subtalar joint
Which muscles are in the rotator cuff group?
teres minor, subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus
When comparing two pelvises, you notice that the first one has a wider iliac crest and a greater distance between the ischial tuberosities than the second pelvis. What might you conclude about the first pelvis?
the first pelvis was a female
Which statement best describes the attachments of the Levator Scapulae?
transverse processes of C1-4 and the upper medial border of the scapula
If a muscle crosses the wrist joint medially (ulnar side), what action does it perform on the hand at the wrist joint?
ulnar deviation (adduction) of the hand at the wrist joint
Which action does Flexor carpi ulnaris perform in the frontal plane?
ulnar deviation of the hand at the wrist
What is the brachial plexus nerve that is struck when you hit your "funnybone" at the elbow?
ulnar nerve
What secondary action does the Palmaris longus perform on the hand at the wrist joint?
wrinkle the skin on the palm of the hand