Kinesiology Chapter 12 Physical Fitness
dynamic stretching
a joint is moved through its full range of motion
exercise
a subset of physical activities that are planned, structured, and designed to improve or maintain physical fitness
PNF stretching
active stretching pretension passive stretching
physical activity
any movement carried out by the skeletal muscles requiring energy
reversibility principle
extended training interruptions can result in stagnation or temporary decline in performance
work
force x distance
static stretching
holding a fully stretched position
intensity
how hard?
time
how long?
frequency
how often?
overload principle
increasing the frequency, intensity, or time of the exercise program in order to increase performance capacity
cardiorespiratory endurance
involves both heart and lungs, provide oxygen to tissue; the body's ability to sustain aerobic activities is a measure of this system's endurance
progression principle
load must be increased once the overload becomes the normal load in order to continue to improve
force
mass x acceleration
passive flexibility
range of movement achieved with the help of external forces
active flexibility
range of movement generated by the individual effort
specificity principle
select a training mode that is as close in action as it can be to the result in order to improve specific skill
fartlek
speedplay
flexibility
the ability of a joint to move through its full range of motion
muscular strength
the ability of a muscle or muscle group to exert force against a resistance
muscular endurance
the ability of a muscle to sustain a given level of force repeatedly at a given resistance
physical fitness
the ability of the body to adjust to the demands and stresses of physical effort and is thought to be a measure of one's physical health
power
the ability to overcome external resistance at a high rate of muscular contraction; dependent on muscular strength
absolute strength
total force a person can apply in a single effort against a resistance
type
what activities?
V02 max
when oxygen consumption has reached a plateau or maximal level