Kinesiology Final

14. In giving top spin to the ball in a tennis stroke strong forearm pronation is used. Which are the prime movers for this? 1. pronator teres 2. pronator quadratus 3. biceps brachii 4. brachialis 1, 2 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3, 4 1, 2, 4

1, 2

23. Which muscles of the hips would be most important for you if you were a horseback rider? 1. adductor longus 2. adductor magnus 3. rectus femoris 4. biceps 1, 2 2, 3 3, 4 1, 3

1, 2

22. Which are the prime movers at the hip in performing a deep squat? 1. rectus femoris 2. biceps femoris 3. vastus lateralis 4. vastus medialis 5. Semimembranosus 6. semitendinosus 1, 2, 3 2, 5, 6 1, 4, 5 1, 3, 6

1, 2, 3

22. Which of the following actions increase torque? 1. apply greater force 2. apply force at an angle closer to 90° 3. lengthen perpendicular distance between axis and point of application of force 4. shorten the force arm 1, 4 1, 2 2, 3, 4 1, 2, 3

1, 2, 3

31. Which of the following simultaneous joint actions illustrate countercurrent biarticular muscle action? 1. flexion at knee -- extension at hips 2. extension at knee -- flexion at hips 3. flexion of fingers -- flexion at wrist 4. extension of fingers -- flexion at wrist 1, 2 2, 3 1, 2, 3 2, 3, 4

1, 2, 3

17. What is the effect of joint actions in the propulsive phase of the long jump? 1. action at the ankle moves lower leg backward for balance 2. action at metatarsal-phalangeal joints lifts body upward 3. hip action helps keep trunk in alignment 4. knee action causes thigh to move forward and upward 1, 4 1, 2, 3 2, 3, 4 1, 2, 3, 4

1, 2, 3, 4

38. Which muscles are most responsible for lifting the body weight through ankle plantar flexion? 1. Gastrocnemius 2. Soleus 3. Plantaris 4. peroneus 1, 2 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3, 4 1, 2, 4

1, 2, 3, 4

18. Which of the following muscles would contribute most to your grip in racquetball? 1. flexor digitorum superficialis 2. extensor digitorum 3. flexor pollicis longus 4. extensor pollicis longus 1, 2 2, 3 1, 3 2, 4

1, 3

3. In order to do a handstand, what must be the motion in the scapula? 1. elevation 2. Depression 3. upward rotation 4. downward rotation 5. upward tilt 1, 4, 5 1, 3 2, 4 2, 3, 5

1, 3

41. What should one do to apply maximum pushing force? 1. use the largest possible number of segments 2. use the smallest segments 3. move through a large range of motion 4. move the segments in an ordered sequence, one after the other 1, 2, 3 1, 3, 4 1, 3 2, 4

1, 3

7. What are the prime movers in shoulder flexion against gravity? 1. upper pectoralis major 2. latissimus dorsi 3. anterior deltoid 4. posterior deltoid 5. lower pectoralis major 1, 3 1, 2, 3, 4 2, 4 4, 5

1, 3

38. Which of the following would be the correct order for a series of exercises to strengthen the triceps and the pectorals when using the concept of progressive resistance exercises? 1. bent knee pushup 2. dips on a bar 3. full length pushups 4. full pull-ups 1, 2, 3 1, 3, 4 1, 3, 2 2, 3, 4

1, 3, 2

31. In performing a deep squat the prime movers at the knee are: 1. rectus femoris 2. biceps femoris 3. vastus lateralis 4. vastus medialis 5. semimembranosus 1, 2, 3 2, 5 1, 4, 5 1, 3, 4

1, 3, 4

52. When landing from a jump, which of the following proprioceptors facilitate the return to the standing position? 1. Pacinian corpuscles 2. joint receptors in feet 3. labyrinthine system 4. muscle spindles 1, 2, 3. 1, 2, 4. 1, 3, 4. 2, 3, 4.

1, 3, 4

45. Which of the following muscles will contract to produce the trunk rotation to the left that is necessary for a right-hand throw? 1. right external oblique 2. left external oblique 3. right internal oblique 4. left internal oblique 1, 3 1, 4 2, 3 2, 4

1, 4

8. What will be the prime mover(s) at the shoulder in the propulsion phase of a wheelchair stroke? 1. pectoralis minor 2. pectoralis major 3. anterior deltoid 4. latissimus dorsi 1, 4 2, 3 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3, 4

1, 4

24. Which of the following are the prime movers in inward rotation of the hips? 1. gluteus maximus 2. gluteus medius 3. gluteus minimis 4. rectus femoris 1 & 2 2 & 3 3 & 4 1 & 4

2 & 3

21. Which muscles act to abduct the leg at the hips in performing a jumping jack exercise? 1. adductor longus 2. gluteus medius 3. gluteus minimis 4. rectus femoris 5. biceps femoris 1, 3 2, 3 1, 2, 4 3, 4, 5

2, 3

6. What muscles are responsible for adduction of the scapula in archery? 1. teres major 2. trapezius III 3. Rhomboids 4. levator scapulae 1, 2, 3, 4 1, 2, 4 2, 3 3, 4

2, 3

35. Prime movers in ankle dorsiflexion are the: 1. Gastrocnemius 2. tibialis anterior 3. extensor hallicus longus 4. flexor digitorum longus 5. extensor digitorum longus 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 4 2, 3, 4 2, 3, 5

2, 3, 5

12. Which are the active muscles at the elbow during the down phase of the pull-up? 1. triceps brachii 2. biceps brachii 3. Anconeus 4. Brachialis 5. brachioradialis 1, 3 2, 4, 5 1, 4, 5 3, 4, 5

2, 4, 5

4. What is the resultant displacement if a hiker walks 250 m north, turns and walks 300 m east? 390.5 m at 40° 390.5 m at 50° 550 m at 40° 550 m at 50°

390.5 m at 40°

31. Which lever class is demonstrated by the thighs in the flutter kick (down phase) during the front crawl? 1st class 2nd class 3rd class a force couple

3rd class

49.What is the joint action in the shoulder girdle and glenohumeral joint in the power phase of the push-up? Adduction of the shoulder girdle/ Extension of the shoulder joint Abduction of the shoulder girdle/ Flexion of the shoulder joint Abduction of the shoulder girdle/ Horizontal Abduction of the shoulder joint Adduction of the shoulder girdle/ Inward rotation of the shoulder joint

Abduction of the shoulder girdle/ Flexion of the shoulder joint

29. Based on the principles of levers, which of the following levers is most efficient in overcoming a resistance of 20 lbs? EA = 2", RA = 4" EA = 4", RA = 6" EA = 10", RA = 5" EA = 10", RA = 10"

EA = 10", RA = 5"

39. Which of the following proprioceptors is sensitive to joint angle changes? Pacinian corpuscle Ruffini endings muscle spindle Golgi tendon organ

Ruffini endings

42. Which type of joint is the atlanto-occipital joint? condyloid pivot hinge ball & socket

condyloid

14. Which of the following statements is correct concerning momentum? given equal linear velocity just after impact, a tennis ball will have greater momentum than a tennis racquet at the same velocity, a badminton racquet will have greater momentum than a tennis racquet a 14 lb. bowling ball with a linear velocity of 35 ft/sec will have greater momentum than a 8 lb ball at 50 ft/sec a softball bat weighing one-third that of a second bat but swung at twice the velocity will have greater momentum

a 14 lb. bowling ball with a linear velocity of 35 ft/sec will have greater momentum than a 8 lb ball at 50 ft/sec

20. What type of energy is possessed by a projectile with a horizontal velocity at the peak of the path? kinetic potential none a and b

a and b

13. In which of the following actions will the biceps brachii be most active? a pull-up with the forearm pronated a pushup a pull-up with the forearms supinated a bench press

a pull-up with the forearms supinated

35. What is a motor unit? myoneural junction a single motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates a structured neuromotor sensory feedback unit functional afferent nerve trunk and all of its receptors

a single motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates

1. Which of the following represents a vector quantity? a distance of 30 meters a speed of 25 m/s a velocity of 15 m/s a mass of 100 kilograms

a velocity of 15 m/s

20. What is movement away from the midline of the body? flexion extension adduction abduction

abduction

16. Which is true when applying Newton's 3rd law of action/reaction to dribbling a basketball? action: ball hits floor; reaction: floor pushes ball action: floor pushes ball; reaction: ball hits floor action: ball leaves hand; reaction: ball hits floor action: ball hits floor; reaction: ball force on hand

action: ball hits floor; reaction: floor pushes ball

39. Which of the following is not true of the vertebral column? acts to protect internal organs acts as link between upper and lower extremities acts as freely moveable link system acts as motion segment for the trunk

acts to protect internal organs

33. What type of neurons conduct impulses from the stimulus toward the spinal cord? afferent efferent ganglia spinal nerves

afferent

53. Which of the following best describes the phenomenon of reciprocal inhibition? agonist contracts, neutralizers contract agonist contracts, antagonist contracts agonist contracts without opposition from antagonist agonist contracts, synergist contracts

agonist contracts without opposition from antagonist

6. Which of the following factors has the least effect on the development of momentum in a striking implement? air resistance length of lever mass of the implement speed of application of force

air resistance

20. Which of the following is the purpose of the arm swing in jumping? accelerate lower extremity downward to increase ground reaction force develop forward momentum transfer forward momentum to body all of the above

all of the above

52. Which of the following would be good advice for landing from a vertical jump? flex the knees, hips, and ankles land on a soft surface step forward on landing all of the above

all of the above

38. Why is it easier to rotate in a tuck position than a pike position? angular displacement is less angular momentum is less angular velocity is greater linear acceleration is greater

angular velocity is greater

37. Which of the following motions are produced by the tibialis anterior? ankle plantar flexion, inversion of foot ankle dorsiflexion, inversion of foot ankle plantar flexion, eversion of foot ankle dorsiflexion, eversion of foot

ankle dorsiflexion, inversion of foot

28. Which portion of the front crawl stroke contributes the most to stroke velocity? kick arm recovery arm pull action of the feet

arm pull

35. Where is the potential energy of a pendulum the greatest? at the bottom of the swing at the top of the swing half way up the swing half way down the swing

at the top of the swing

32. In which direction should the person paddling on the left in the back push the paddle against the water in order to turn the canoe to the left? toward the canoe away from the canoe forward backward

backward

24. What are actin and myosin? bands in the sarcomere tissue related to the myofibrils sliding myofilaments substances critical to binding of the sarcolemma and endomysium

bands in the sarcomere

5. Which best describes the striking segment when hitting a ball with as high a velocity as possible? be as close to the axis of rotation as possible have a low angular velocity have a low linear velocity be as far from the axis as possible

be as far from the axis as possible

28. The rectus femoris is an example of a ___ muscle. Fusiform fan shaped bipennate quadrate

bipennate

16. What type of joint is the articulation between the carpals and the radius (the radiocarpal joint)? gliding condyloid pivot hinge

condyloid

51. Which reflex would be most likely to inhibit the performance of a forward roll? tonic neck reflex body righting reflex golgi tendon organ response extensor thrust reflex

body righting reflex

9. Osteogenesis refers to which of the following? bone degeneration bone demineralization bone development bone stress

bone development

41. Although an object in motion has no weight in a weightless environment, which of the following does it still possess? mass momentum both a & b none of the above

both a & b

17. Why is a magician able to pull a tablecloth out from under a table setting without pulling everything onto the floor? friction is overcome by rapid movement of tablecloth inertia of pieces of table setting is greater than the displacing force both a and b this is a magician's trick, it is an illusion

both a and b

9. What determines the horizontal distance that a projectile will travel? horizontal velocity of object time that object is in flight both a and b none of the above

both a and b

10. The two primary types of bone are __________ hard and soft cancellous and compact cortical and compact cancellous and trabecular

cancellous and compact

54. Where does a gymnast initiate the contraction of the many muscles involved in performing a roll? cerebellum pons cerebral cortex occipital lobe

cerebral cortex

44. In which regions of the vertebral column are flexion and extension most free? cervical & thoracic cervical & lumbar thoracic & lumbar all of the above

cervical & lumbar

19. What is circumduction? combination of movements in two planes combination of movements in three planes movement about a longitudinal axis movement of a segment in a circle

combination of movements in two planes

16. What muscle action is involved in the movement of the knee joints in the power phase of the standing long jump? concentric contraction of the knee flexors concentric contraction of the knee extensors eccentric contraction of the knee flexors eccentric contraction of the knee extensors

concentric contraction of the knee extensors

12. Which of the following joint types is biaxial? ball and socket hinge condyloid gliding

condyloid

43. Which is an example of a typical crossed-extensor response? unweighting of one foot in response to pressure on the other contraction of the extensor muscles in response to deep pressure on the foot contraction of the extensor muscles of one leg in response to unweighting of the opposite foot reflex extension of the arm when the leg extends

contraction of the extensor muscles of one leg in response to unweighting of the opposite foot

24. Which factor contributes to form drag in swimming and objects moving through the air? displacement total surface area size of object cross sectional area

cross sectional area

47. Holding a golf club or a baseball bat would be an example of which grip style? cylindrical precision spherical hook

cylindrical

2. Which of the following best describes the desired action of the segments contributing to the motion in striking activities where maximum velocity of the implement is desired? reach highest velocity at the same time distal segments reach higher velocity than proximal segments proximal segments reach higher velocity than distal segments segments should move through a large range

distal segments reach higher velocity than proximal segments

15. In which direction is the force applied during the propulsion phase of the walk? downward down and backward forward forward and upward

down and backward

4. What is the joint action in the shoulder girdle and glenohumeral joint in the pull phase of the front crawl stroke? downward rotation and abduction of scapula -- extension and inward rotation of humerus downward rotation of scapula -- extension and abduction of humerus upward rotation and abduction of scapula -- flexion and adduction of humerus upward rotation of scapula -- extension and inward rotation of humerus

downward rotation and abduction of scapula -- extension and inward rotation of humerus

29. What is the joint action in the shoulder girdle and glenohumeral joint in the pull phase of the front crawl stroke? downward rotation and adduction of scapula - extension and inward rotation of humerus downward rotation of scapula - extension and abduction of humerus upward rotation and abduction of scapula - flexion and adduction of humerus upward rotation of scapula - extension and inward rotation of humerus

downward rotation and adduction of scapula - extension and inward rotation of humerus

23. Which are the two forces that are primarily responsible for propulsion in swimming? drag and reaction forces lift and buoyancy drag and lift forces reaction forces and buoyancy

drag and lift forces

44. What type of muscular contraction is primarily responsible for the reception of a hard thrown ball? concentric eccentric synergistic static

eccentric

37. What form of exercise are "negative lifts"? concentric exercise eccentric exercise plyometric exercise static exercise

eccentric exercise

21. What is meant by torque? ability of a force to overcome resistance amount of force necessary to cause rotation effective force producing rotary motion at an axis relationship between force and resistance

effective force producing rotary motion at an axis

26. Why is a second-class lever well adapted to moving heavy loads? axis is located between effort and resistance effort is located between axis and resistance effort arm is longer than resistance arm resistance arm is longer than effort arm

effort arm is longer than resistance arm

18. What property of an object represents the ability of an object to resist distortion and to return to its original shape? distortion elasticity restitution stress

elasticity

5. Trapezius I produces ___ of the scapula. elevation depression abduction downward rotation

elevation

48. How should the base of support be in order to maintain balance when landing from a jump or fall? enlarged in a direction opposite the movement decreased as much as possible maintained at the original size enlarged in the direction of the movement

enlarged in a direction opposite the movement

7. The time required for an object to reach the highest point of the parabolic path will be ___ the time it takes it to fall back to the same height. less than equal to greater than not related to

equal to

9. What is the function of the quadriceps muscles when the heel contacts the ground in walking? extend the lower leg at the knee joint flex the lower leg at the knee joint flex the thigh at the femoral joint stabilize the knee against the reaction force from the floor

extend the lower leg at the knee joint

36. Which of the following produces pronation of the foot? tibialis anterior extensor digitorum longus extensor hallicus longus soleus

extensor digitorum longus

43. Which would be the most efficient manner in which to lift a heavy box? grasp box at arm's length face box with elbows bent and arms close to body turn side to box and lift with one arm place one hand under box and one hand on top at arm's length

face box with elbows bent and arms close to body

27. The pectoralis major is an example of a ___ muscle. Fusiform fan shaped pennate quadrate

fan shaped

47. Among other things what does the concept of "giving" to catch something involve? flexing the elbow at contact extending the elbow at contact keeping the elbow rigid at contact none of the above

flexing the elbow at contact

18. A reduction in joint angle is termed: abduction adduction flexion extension

flexion

25. Which of the following hip actions is produced by the iliopsoas muscle? flexion extension abduction adduction

flexion

47. Which of the following head and neck positions would facilitate the desired movement or position? extension of head during landing in a volleyball spike flexion of head just prior to take off in a long jump hyperextension of head in a head stand flexion of head in a back dive

flexion of head in a back dive

22. Which of the following is correct? abduction of the humerus -- motion in a frontal plane about a vertical axis flexion of the knee -- motion in a sagittal plane about a biltaeral axis forward tilt of the pelvis -- motion in a frontal plane about an AP axis rotation of the head -- motion in a frontal plane about a longitudinal axis

flexion of the knee -- motion in a sagittal plane about a biltaeral axis

39. Which pattern of joint motion most clearly typifies push-pull patterns? flexion-extension abduction-adduction inward-outward rotation a series of rotations

flexion-extension

19. Mechanical work involves a ___ and the ___ that it moves through. force, distance distance, velocity speed, distance acceleration, velocity

force, distance

14. What actions are primarily responsible for the push off in the support phase in walking? flexion of the knee and plantar flexion of the ankle slight plantar flexion of the ankle and flexion of the metatarsal-phalangeal joints forceful extension of the hip, knee, and ankle joints strong extension of the hip and knee joints

forceful extension of the hip, knee, and ankle joints

19. Which are the three bones of the pelvis? iliopsoas, ischium, pubis cervical, lumbar, thoracic ilium, ischium, coccyx ilium, ischium, pubis

ilium, ischium, pubis

2. What are the three major articulations of the shoulder? glenohumeral, coraco-humeral, acromioclavicular glenohumeral, coracoclavicular, acromioclavicular coracoclavicular, acromiohumeral, thoracoscapular coracoclavicular, glenohumeral, thoracoscapular

glenohumeral, coracoclavicular, acromioclavicular

50. What effect does tucking and doing a shoulder roll have during a fall? maintaining the horizontal velocity gradually decreasing the horizontal velocity helping to regain balance keeping the arms free from injury

gradually decreasing the horizontal velocity

3. Which segment should be the last to move and have the highest velocity in a throw? hand forearm upper arm trunk

hand

11. In which part of the walking cycle are the largest forces exerted against the ground? swing phase balance to unbalance heel strike propulsive phase

heel strike

28. What type of joint is the tibiofemoral joint? gliding condyloid hinge pivot

hinge

46. In which of the following does the stretch reflex facilitate the movement defined? horizontal abduction of the shoulder facilitates the forward swing of the throwing arm extension of the elbow joint facilitates the pushup flexion of the knee facilitates the down phase of a squat lift rotation of the spine facilitates the backswing in golf

horizontal abduction of the shoulder facilitates the forward swing of the throwing arm

18. In a long jump, the center of gravity should be ___ the base of support. horizontally far from in front of directly over close to

in front of

36. How may the height of the swing of a pendulum be increased? increase radius on downswing, decrease on upswing increase radius on downswing, increase on upswing decrease radius on downswing, decrease on upswing decrease radius on downswing, increase on upswing

increase radius on downswing, decrease on upswing

46. How might one decrease the force acting on any given part of the body when falling? put the hands out to break the fall decrease the area that contacts the ground increase the area that contacts the ground decrease both area of contact and time of contact

increase the area that contacts the ground

43. What should you do when landing from a jump to decrease the amount of force acting on the body? decrease the time, increase the distance decrease the time, decrease the distance increase the time, increase the distance increase the time, decrease the distance

increase the time, increase the distance

27. What happens to drag on the body as velocity increases? increases decreases stays the same not enough information

increases

13. What makes it difficult for a runner to change either speed or direction? torque acceleration inertia velocity

inertia

23. Which of the following defines the center of gravity of the body? intersection of cardinal sagittal and frontal planes intersection of cardinal frontal and horizontal planes intersection of cardinal sagittal and horizontal planes intersection of all 3 cardinal planes

intersection of all 3 cardinal planes

34. Which of the following defines the center of gravity of the body? intersection of cardinal sagittal and frontal planes intersection of cardinal frontal and horizontal planes intersection of cardinal sagittal and horizontal planes intersection of all 3 cardinal planes

intersection of all 3 cardinal planes

13. Ligaments act to: join muscle to bone join bone to bone cover the articular surface of the bone provide articular lubrication

join bone to bone

15. Which of the following illustrates motion in the frontal plane and around the AP axis? an overhand throw a bowling delivery jumping jack exercises a discus throw

jumping jack exercises

8. Which would land first: a foul ball hit straight up or a home run that reaches the same height? foul ball home run land at the same time not enough information

land at the same time

2. Which of the following characterizes a vector resultant? larger than either component usually 90 degrees a velocity the adjacent leg in a right triangle

larger than either component

43. Which of the following accompanies rotation of the vertebral column? flexion hyperextension lateral flexion to same side lateral flexion to opposite side

lateral flexion to same side

50. Which of the following is a tonic neck reflex pattern when the head turns right? right upper arm extends, left elbow flexes left arm abducts, right arm adducts left arm adducts, right arm abducts right arm adducts, right elbow extends

left arm adducts, right arm abducts

16. Which of the following movements occurs in a horizontal plane around a vertical axis? arm action in golf drive resulting in no spin ball arm action in tennis forehand resulting in no spin leg action in football, no spin leg action in walking

leg action in walking

33. What is the primary factor in ankle stability? ligamentous support strong joint capsule deep bony articulation muscular support

ligamentous support

15. The ulna is on the ___ side of the hand. thumb little finger both, depending on rotation

little finger

41. In which region of the spine is the least amount of rotation permitted? cervical head-cervical lumbar thoracic

lumbar

19. How can the long jumper stay in the air longer? increase velocity, decrease angle decrease velocity, increase angle increase vertical velocity, decrease angle maintain velocity, increase angle

maintain velocity, increase angle

12. What is weight? friction times base of support mass times acceleration due to gravity gravitation times density size times base of support

mass times acceleration due to gravity

34. Which side of the ankle receives primary support from the deltoid ligament? anterior posterior medial lateral

medial

7. What is the movement in the shoulder (glenohumeral) joint in the delivery and beginning of the follow through of an overarm throw? abduction, flexion, medial rotation horizontal adduction, abduction medial rotation, horizontal adduction lateral rotation, flexion

medial rotation, horizontal adduction

30. Where is there increased tensile stress when one is knock-kneed (genu valgum)? anteriorly laterally medially posteriorly

medially

12. Why is it easier for a runner to move the recovery leg forward more rapidly when it is flexed than when extended? mass of the leg is greater when it is flexed mass of the leg is less when it is flexed moment of inertia of the leg is greater when leg is flexed moment of inertia of the leg is less when leg is flexed

moment of inertia of the leg is less when leg is flexed

30. Why would a coach recommend a "tighter" tuck to enable a gymnast to get all the way around? angular velocity will decrease angular displacement will decrease moment of inertia will decrease mass will decrease

moment of inertia will decrease

33. Why would a coach recommend a "tighter" tuck to enable the gymnast to get all the way around? angular velocity will decrease angular displacement will decrease moment of inertia will decrease mass will decrease

moment of inertia will decrease

1. What is the primary reason why there is greater range of motion possible in the upper extremities than in the lower? larger articular surface fewer restraining ligaments more freely moveable girdle more bony articulations

more freely moveable girdle

5. Which is an example of linear motion in sport? leg movements of a sprinter movement of center of gravity of a diver arm movements of a shot putter movement of the center of gravity of a putted golf ball

movement of the center of gravity of a putted golf ball

17. Adduction refers to: movement away from the midline of the body movement toward the midline of the body movement in two planes reduction of joint angle

movement toward the midline of the body

49. Where should the line of gravity be located when receiving impact from an object with a large horizontal velocity? centered over the base of support near the front edge of the base of support near the back edge of the base of support in any comfortable position

near the back edge of the base of support

30. What is a muscle that eliminates undesired muscle action called? neutralizer stabilizer agonist antagonist

neutralizer

42. Which of the following proprioceptors is sensitive to the stimulus that results in an extensor thrust reflex response? golgi tendon organ muscle spindle pacinian corpuscle ruffini ending

pacinian corpuscle

23. What is the true effort arm (moment arm) of a lever in the body? distance from axis to point of attachment of muscle distance from midpoint of muscle's line of pull to axis perpendicular distance from axis to point of application of force perpendicular distance from line of pull of muscle to axis

perpendicular distance from line of pull of muscle to axis

10. The radioulnar joint is a ___ joint. pivot hinge gliding condyloid

pivot

21. What is action in which the sole of the foot moves away from anterior surface of the lower leg? inversion eversion plantar flexion dorsiflexion

plantar flexion

6. What determines the type of motion of a freely moveable object? amount of force applied location of center of gravity point at which force is applied shape of object

point at which force is applied

48. What would be the grip style of a pen? cylindrical precision spherical hook

precision

25. Which of the following is true in the arm motion of a front crawl stroke? pressing toward the bottom moves the body up pressing toward the surface moves the body up a high elbow causes great resistance pressing backward moves the body backward

pressing toward the bottom moves the body up

6. What is the mechanical purpose of pitching in baseball? projecting an object for maximum speed projecting an object for maximum accuracy exerting maximum effort projecting an object for optimum speed and accuracy

projecting an object for optimum speed and accuracy

37. Which category best represents the receptors that receive and transmit impulses from muscles, joints, and tendons? Exteroceptors interoceptors visceroceptors proprioceptors

proprioceptors

31. In circular motion what characterizes centripetal force? outward seeking force moment of force pulling toward the center mass times displacement

pulling toward the center

40. Which is an example of the continuous application of a simultaneous pattern? a volleyball set landing from a jump pushing a lawn mower putting a shot

pushing a lawn mower

17. Which of the following is deviation of the hand at the wrist toward the thumb side of the hand? flexion ulnar deviation radial deviation palmar flexion

radial deviation

32. What is centrifugal force? force that causes object to fly off at a tangent to arc of motion force that causes object to travel in an arc reaction force to that which pulls away from center of arc reaction force to centripetal force

reaction force to centripetal force

38. Which of the following is the function of the muscle spindle? receiving impulses from joint actions receiving stimuli from increased muscle tension transmitting impulses to motor unit transmitting sensations to the cerebral cortex

receiving stimuli from increased muscle tension

36. What are two mechanisms the body uses to regulate the strength of muscle contractions? use more muscles and a greater force recruit more motor units and increase firing rate recruit more motor units and contract harder increase firing rate and strength of fiber

recruit more motor units and increase firing rate

44. What is the phasic stretch reflex? quick, phasic response of muscle due to decrease in muscle tonus reflex contraction of muscle due to the response of muscle spindles to an increase in muscle tension reflex relaxation of muscle due to the inhibitory response to stimuli from proprioceptors sustained static contraction of muscle due to effect of gravity on body

reflex contraction of muscle due to the response of muscle spindles to an increase in muscle tension

13. What is inertia? effect of one object on another resistance to change in motion rate of change in motion tendency of an object to rotate

resistance to change in motion

25. Which of the following is true for fast twitch muscle fibers? respond rapidly but fatigue easily respond rapidly and fatigue slowly are primarily postural fibers respond slowly and are efficient

respond rapidly but fatigue easily

26. What are the actions of the pelvis and femurs in the propulsive phase of the golf drive? right femur-inward rotation; left femur-outward rotation; pelvis- left rotation right femur-inward rotation; left femur-outward rotation; pelvis-right rotation right femur-outward rotation; left femur-inward rotation; pelvis-left rotation. right femur-outward rotation; left femur-inward rotation; pelvis-left rotation

right femur-inward rotation; left femur-outward rotation; pelvis- left rotation

27. What muscles are primarily responsible for the pelvic rotation in the preparatory movement (backswing) in the tennis forehand drive? left adductors, right tensor fascia latae, and pectineus left tensor fascia latae and lesser glutei; right 6 deep outward rotators right gluteus medius and minimus; left sacrospinalis right tensor fascia latae and lesser glutei; left 6 deep outward rotators

right gluteus medius and minimus; left sacrospinalis

46. Which muscle is working and how to control the neck rotation to the left when receiving a blow to the right side of the jaw in boxing? left sternocleidomastoid - eccentric left sternocleidomastoid - concentric right sternocleidomastoid - eccentric right sternocleidomastoid - concentric

right sternocleidomastoid - eccentric

11. The radian is a unit of displacement used in which type of measurement? rotary linear speed time

rotary

20. What is the position of the pelvis in walking when the left leg is at the end of the swing phase and the right leg is pushing off? rotated left and tilted right rotated left and tilted left rotated right and tilted left rotated right and tilted right

rotated right and tilted right

2. What is the underlying concern of kinesiological analysis? performance and prescription safety, efficiency, and effectiveness safety and performance effective performance and prescription

safety, efficiency, and effectiveness

14. Which plane divides the body into right and left halves? frontal sagittal horizontal cardinal

sagittal

1. What is kinesiology? analysis of sport and dance activities applications of the physical sciences to motor learning science of human motion study of biomechanics

science of human motion

1. Throw-like motions are classified as being ___ in nature. sequential simultaneous combination concurrent

sequential

4. Movements whose purpose is generating maximum speed are usually ___ in nature. sequential simultaneous segmental concurrent

sequential

5. Throw-like motions are classified as being ___ in nature. sequential simultaneous combination concurrent

sequential

7. Walking is a primarily ___ activity. sequential combination simultaneous synergistic

sequential

48. Which of the following illustrates the use of the tonic stretch reflex to facilitate a motor act? continuous movement of arm back and then forward in bowling long, fast backswing in a golf drive rapid backswing preceding a hard-overhand throw short, relatively slow backswing in a golf putt

short, relatively slow backswing in a golf putt

24. Why lift a heavy weight from the floor by flexing and then extending the knees rather than flexing at the hips and then lifting the trunk? longer lever less force available shorter resistance arm smaller angle of pull

shorter resistance arm

35. An individual is expecting to be pushed from the left side. What would be the best standing position to assume in order to absorb the force without losing one's balance? forward-backward stride stance, line of gravity toward left edge of base of support forward backward stride, line of gravity in center of base of support side stride stance, line of gravity towards left edge of base of support side stride stance, line of gravity toward right edge of base of support

side stride stance, line of gravity towards left edge of base of support

3. Movements requiring maximum accuracy or involving loads are usually __in nature. sequential simultaneous segmental concurrent

simultaneous

8. A motion in which all moving segments act at the same time is a ___ motion. sequential simultaneous combination concurrent

simultaneous

27. A machine that magnifies force does so at the expense of: velocity and speed velocity and acceleration displacement and torque speed and range of motion

speed and range of motion

29. Which of the following illustrates concentric muscle contraction? bending forward to touch fingers to floor stepping up on a bench holding a tennis racquet in ready position standing at attention

stepping up on a bench

10. How does the relationship between stride length and stride rate change when going from a walk to a run? stride length increases, stride rate decreases stride length decreases. stride rate increases stride length increases, stride rate increases stride length decreases, stride rate decreases

stride length increases, stride rate increases

26. All other factors being equal, which of the following factors govern the speed attained in any swimming stroke? force and distance stroke length and stroke frequency stroke frequency and stroke force stroke force and stroke length

stroke length and stroke frequency

4. Which of the following does not illustrate an underarm throwing pattern? softball pitch golf swing tennis drive bowling delivery

tennis drive

32. Why is it difficult for some people to sit on the floor with straight legs and erect body? antagonistic muscle action restrictive internal structure of knee and hip joints shortness and inelasticity of knee extensors tension of two joint muscles

tension of two joint muscles

8. Which muscles produce the first part of the forward swing of the lower extremity in walking? iliopsoas, tensor fascia latae, gracilis, rectus femoris rectus femoris, hamstrings, iliopsoas, adductor longus tensor fascia latae, gluteus maximus, adductors longus and brevis tensor fascia latae, sartorius, pectineus, iliopsoas

tensor fascia latae, sartorius, pectineus, iliopsoas

37. What determines the path of the center of gravity of the body in a nonsupport activity? the force of projection the angle of the hip joint the height of projection the angle of projection

the angle of projection

40. What determines the nature of the motion between two adjacent vertebrae? the angulation of the articular facets the ligamentous support muscular support the size of the vertebral body

the angulation of the articular facets

21. How does the ice skater push off against the ice, given the very low coefficient of friction between the blade and the ice? the blade is turned perpendicular to the direction of glide and digs into the ice the blade is turned parallel to the direction of glide and digs into the ice the ice skater relies on momentum generated from decreasing stability the ice skater must rely on ground reaction force from another surface

the blade is turned perpendicular to the direction of glide and digs into the ice

42. About which point does an unsupported body rotate? the center of gravity the center of torque the part of the body last in contact with the surface the point of force application

the center of torque

29. Which structures provide rotatory stability in the knee? the cruciate ligaments the collateral ligaments the menisci the joint capsule

the cruciate ligaments

3. How is the resultant portrayed in the graphic representation of vectors? the vertical side of a rectangle the horizontal side of a rectangle the diagonal of a rectangle/right triangle the area of a rectangle

the diagonal of a rectangle/right triangle

34. Which of the following is responsible for movement in a pendulum? the force of gravity momentum reaction forces centripetal and centrifugal forces

the force of gravity

9. Which bones of the forearm form a major part of the elbow joint? radius fibula ulna carpal

ulna

11. The epiphyseal plate is: the growth area of the long bones the flat bone of the skull the articular surface of a bone the growth area of a flat bone

the growth area of the long bones

51. Which of the following determines the amount of force required to stop an object in motion? the mass of the object and the time of force application the velocity of the object and its weight the momentum of the object and the time of force application the initial acceleration of the object

the momentum of the object and the time of force application

22. Which is the point of rotation in rotary locomotion of the body? the center of gravity the center of torque the part of the body in contact with the surface the point of force application

the part of the body in contact with the surface

25. Why is it more difficult to perform a sit-up when the hands are clasped behind the head then when the arms are kept at the side? the resistance arm is greater the resistance arm is smaller the torque of the resistance is reduced the torque produced by the abdominals is reduced

the resistance arm is greater

33. Which of the following must be true in order for a state of equilibrium to exist? all linear forces acting on the object must be balanced, torques may be unbalanced all torques acting on the object must be balanced, linear forces may be unbalanced neither torques nor linear forces acting on the object must equal zero the sum of all forces and torques acting on the object must equal zero

the sum of all forces and torques acting on the object must equal zero

39. What determines the terminal velocity of a body in free fall? the surface area presented to the airflow the speed of the fall the position of the body in the air the wind velocity

the surface area presented to the airflow

45. Which is an example of the phasic stretch reflex? the use of a wind-up in throwing the head position in a volleyball spike lower extremity extension in walking the ready position in tennis

the use of a wind-up in throwing

32. Which three bones make up the ankle joint? calcaneus, talus, tibia tibia, fibula, talus fibula, tibia, calcaneus tibia, talus, femur

tibia, fibula, talus

40. How might a diver or gymnast initiate a twist about the vertical axis once airborne and rotating forward about the horizontal axis? turn the head away from the rotating direction tilt the body by raising the arm in the direction of the twist tilt the body by raising the arm opposite the twisting side the twist must be started before take off

tilt the body by raising the arm in the direction of the twist

26. How does a muscle always contract? toward the proximal attachment toward the distal attachment towards its center toward the joint

towards its center

28. A ten-pound weight is held so that it can be moved in either direction by the biceps and triceps (e.g. arm abducted with flexion and extension in the horizontal plane). How much effort will the triceps need as compared to the biceps if the effort arm is 1" for the triceps and 2" for the biceps? The weight is held 12 inches from the elbow. triceps 2 1/2 times as much as biceps triceps 2 times as much as biceps triceps same as biceps triceps 1/2 as much as biceps

triceps 2 times as much as biceps

11. Which of the following is the prime mover in elbow extension during the up phase of the pushup? biceps brachii pectoralis major triceps brachii brachialis

triceps brachii

15. Ball A is the same mass as Ball B. If Ball A is hit with twice as much force as Ball B, Ball A's acceleration will be ___ that of Ball B. one-half one-fourth twice four times

twice

36. To take a step one must become ___ and then ___ so you move from one place to another. stable, unstable unstable, vertical unstable, stable stable, horizontal

unstable, stable

30. In which direction will the body move if hands press down and back against the water in a sculling motion? down and back down and forward up and back up and forward

up and forward

42. Which of the following is not true when trying to produce a motion for maximum accuracy? use the fewest number of segments use the smallest segments possible use maximum possible contact time use the highest possible velocity

use the highest possible velocity

40. Which of the following is most sensitive to linear acceleration? utricle free nerve endings semicircular canals neck receptors

utricle

34. Where is the cell body of a motor neuron located? motor unit ventral horn of spinal cord dorsal root ganglion pre-ganglion

ventral horn of spinal cord

10. It is known that the time of flight of an object depends upon which ___ component of velocity? vertical horizontal resultant

vertical

45. How much work must be done on a medicine ball in order to catch it and completely stop its motion? work equal to the change in kinetic energy of the ball work equal to the force of the throw work equal to the mass of the object work equal to the weight and velocity of the object

work equal to the change in kinetic energy of the ball