Kinesiology Final Review

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Abductor Pollicis

ABduct the thumb. extend the thumb. ABduct the wrist.

Quadratus Lumborum action

Laterally tilt pelvis, flex vertebral column, extends vertebral column

Deep Palmar Muscles

Lumbricals Palmar Interossei Dorsal Interossei Adductor pollicis

Triceps Brachii

O: Humerus I: Olecranon of ulna A: extends forearm, extends shoulder N: Radial Nerve

Brachialis

O: Humerus I: ulnar tuberosity A: flexes forearm N: musculocutaneous

Insertion

On a moving bone

Vestibular nucleus

Recieves input from ears

What muscle is put into active insufficiency in Hip Flexion, Knee Extension

Rectus Femoris

Large abdominal muscles

Rectus abdominis, external oblique abdominal, internal oblique abdominal & quadratus lumborum

Flexion at T and L spine

Rectus abdominus ext. oblique int. oblique

Abdominals

Rectus abdominus, external obliques, internal oblique, transverse abdominis

Suboccipitals

Rectus capitis posterior major, minor & oblique capitis superior & inferior

Transverse Abdominis

compress abdominal contents.

What compressive loads on the spine might cause to happen in pubertal teens.

compression of two adjacent vertebrae with such magnitude that annulus fibrosus ruptures causing disc herniation

Sacral curvature

concave anteriocaudally

Thoracic curvature

concave from middle of T2 to middle of T12

hypokinetic

conditions acquired from doing too little movement

Interspinal ligament

connect spines of vertebrae, extending from root to apex of spinous process

Supraspinal ligament

connects tips of vertebrae

Intertransverse ligament

connects transverse process to vertabrae

What are the 4 rotator cuff muscles?

infraspinatus, supraspinatus, subscapularis, teres minor

external rotation at GH joint

infraspinatus, teres minor

sesamoid bones

patella

running

point when neither foot is in contact with ground

eustress

positive stress

Spinous process of T4-T6 project where?

posterior and inferior

Spinous process of T1-T3 project where?

posteriorly

Primary curves

present at birth thoracic sacral

Compressive force

pressing or squeezing force directed along long axis of a structure

Functions of the spine

protection support/stability transmit forces btw U/LE stability/mobility locomotion/mobilit

Oblique Capitis Inferior

rotate the head to the same side.

torque

rotation around an axis

Location of ACL

runs from just anterior to the intercondylar eminence of the tibia to the posterior medial surface of the lateral condyle of the femur

if you are learning a new sports skill, spectators are likely to decrease your performance

true

Longissimus

A: Extension, rotation, lateral flexion

carpals

Capitate, hamate, trapezium, scaphoid, pisiform, lunate, triquetrum

Origin of Semimembranosus

Ischial tuberosity

Speed stays the same, but resistance changes best describes:

Isokinetics

What type of muscle action takes place in the biceps brachia muscle as you lower yourself back down following a pull-up?

Isotonic eccentric

Erector spinae actions

Lateral flex vertebral column

Quadratus Lumborum Muscle

Lateral flexion

F = ma

equation for Force

Moment of inertia = mass x radius2

equation for the moment of inertia

Torque = force x moment arm length

equation for torque

Weight (on earth) = mass of object x acceleration of gravity

equation for weight of an object on earth

Peroneals peroneus longus-peroneus brevis

evert the foot.

Action force

ex. runner push against starting blocks

lordosis

exaggerated forward curvature in lumbar region

Anatomical analysis (movement at major joints only; don't worry about fingers, toes, etc.) including identification of:

examination of the skeletal joint action, a description of segment motion, and account of the muscle participation, and an identification of the neuromuscular mechanisms involved.

dynamics

examines systems that are being accelerated

Extensor Indicis

extend the 2nd finger. ADduct the 2nd finger.

Extensor Digitorum

extend the 2nd through 5th fingers.

heroine

induces relaxation, sleep, and relieves tension

Rectus Abdominis Muscle

lumbar flexion

first trimester

major organs are developing

crack

rock like form of cocaine

lumbricales

(4) flex index, middle, ring, & little proximal phalanxes extend middle and distal phalanxes of index, middle, ring & little fingers

General structure of the thorax

*cone shaped *post. wall-thoracic vertebrae *lat. wall- ribs *ant. wall-sternum and costal cartilage *floor-diaphragm

How many bones are in the appendicular skeleton?

126

5 lumbar

12th rib - iliac crest, supports weight

walking

-Heel-strike occurs when landing on heel, foot should be in supination -Midstance immediately follows with foot moving into pronation Toe-off follows midstance, foots returns to supination prior to & during push off -point when one foot is in contact with ground

Ligamenta flava

-Yellow -interconnects lamina of vertebrae -80% elastin; 20% collagen

posterior arch

-attachment site -completes osseus ring forming vertebral canal -provides protection for neural structures

What is one of the most common concerns for new teachers

...

True Ribs

1-7

Floating ribs

10-12

hypokinetic disease

A condition or disease from a sedentary lifestyle or to "little movement'. obesity, diabetes, back pains, hyperlipidemia (excessively high level of fat in the blood), hypertension

Soft end feel

A firm sensation that has a slight give when taken to the end ROM

Tensile Force (tension)

A force that tends to stretch or elongate something.

What kinds of exercise are most likely to benefit from high muscle glycogen?

A long duration event like running a marathon

addiction

A physical dependence on a substance.

Muscle guarding

A protective response in muscles that results from pain or fear of movement

End feel

A subjective assessment of the quality of the feel when slight pressure is applied to the end of the joints passive ROM

female athlete triad

A syndrome in which eating disorders, amenorrhoea/oligomenorrhoea, and decreased bone mineral density (osteoporosis and osteopenia) are present

examples of community settings for coaching

A) YMCA, YWCA,Boys and girls clubs

Hypothenar Muscles

Act of the 5th digit

Memory

Allows one to plan and execute the correct sequence of actions

The sternum is _____ to the vertebral column

(LLM) dorsal flexors

Anterior ankle & foot

Lower leg divided into 4 compartments

Anterior compartment Lateral compartment Superficial posterior compartment Deep posterior compartment

Origin of Tensor Fascia Latae

Anterior iliac crest and surface of the ilium

12 thoracic

Articulate 12 ribs

_____is another name for a joint

Articulation

Origin

Attachment to a fixed (stable) bone

Which term did we discuss that had to do with static and dynamic systems?

Biomechanics

What is therapeutic exercise and how dos it relate to rehabilitation and habilitation

Bringing the client to a level of function not previously attained, or reducing risk of the injury occurring again

Inferior

Below

Sacs found around areas of excess friction are called____

Bursae

Active assisted ROM

Client and therapist doing together

Vertebrae location

Deep to layers of muscle

Multifidi

Directly accessible in lumbar spine - lie across posterior surface of sacrum

The femur is _____ to the tibia

Distal

Origin of Brachioradialis

Distal 2/3 of the lateral condyloid ridge of humerus

Increase

Does anterior pelvic tilt increase or decrease lordosis of the spine ?

Decreased

Does posterior pelvic tilt cause increased or decreased lordosis?

Compartment 2

ECRB, ECRL

Internal Intercostal action

Exhalation

hippocrates

Father of Medicine

Biceps Femoris (Knee)

Flex knee, Internal rotation of flexed knee Exercises: Leg curls (emphasize with internal rotation)

Rectus abdominis action

Flex vertebral column

Ulnar joint

Funny bone

HIP/PELVIS

With-it-ness

Knowing whats happening in the learning environment and by displaying this awareness through oral or other communication with students

Origin of Gracillis

Medial ramus of pubis

(LLM)invertors

Medially

Sports coach

More time with supplemental responsibilities

7 cervical

Most mobile & accessible

Abduction

Movement away from the trunk

Accessory motions

Movement occurring between joint surfaces when produced by forces applied by an examiner

Explain scapula/humeral rhythm and the relationship ratio

Need for efficient arm movement. For every 2 degrees you shoulder is in flexion, your shoulder will rotate 1 degree.

The most important system needed for developing mature supine to stand is?

Nervous system

Transverse Abdominus

O: Iliac crest, inguinal ligament lumbar fascia cartilage of inferior 6 ribs I: Xiphoid process, linea alba, pubis A: Compresses abdomen Innervation: T8-T12, iliohypogastric n. , ilioinguinal n.

Scalenus Anterior

O: Vervical vertebrae I: 1st Rib

What is the function of the lymphatic system

One way system. Rids the body of excess fluid

Open chain, closed chain or both: Biceps curl

Open

Open chain, closed chain, or both: tennis swing

Open

Open chain, closed chain or both: MMT

Open chain 99% of the time

Mechanical systems

Operationally defining the system of interest

Supinator

Origin - lateral epicondyle and neighboring posterior ulna Insertion - proximal lateral radius Action - supination

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Origin - lateral epicondyle, mid posterior ulna Insertion - base of 5th metacarpal Action - extension, adduction

C spine main movement

PM of flexion

Definition and example of triaxial joint

Permits movement in three planes, about three axes. Example: hip joint

Extra pyramidal system

Polysynaptic; involved with posture

Mass:

Refers to the amount of matter a body or object has

Damage to the Tibial nerve will cause what gait deviation

Sore foot

Arthrokinematics

Specific movements of joint surfaces

Semispinalis capitis muscles form

Speed bumps

Thorax location

Sternum & rib cage

The perception of objects shape, size, and textures is known as..

Sterognosis

The component of the SEE principle that does not apply when training for (as opposed to demonstrating) strength gain.

The efficiency component doesn't apply when training, since want to be inefficient as possible to use a lot of effort

Why is it effective to consume carbs soon after exercise?

The enzyme glycogen synthase is very active

concentric contraction

The force generated is sufficient to overcome the resistance, and the muscle shortens as it contracts.

The front

Executive function

The highest level of cognitive processes. Allows people to set goals, modify movements and behaviors

Active insufficiency

The inability for a multi-joint muscle to exert enough tension to shorten sufficiently to complete full range of motion in both joints simultaneously.

Passive insufficiency

The inability for a multi-joint muscle to stretch enough to complete full range of motion in both joints simultaneously.

femoral offset

The most frequent and simplest used measurement is the perpendicular distance between the center of the femoral head and a line drawn down the center of the femoral shaft.

isometric contraction

The muscle remains the same length. An example would be holding an object up without moving it; the muscular force precisely matches the load, and no movement results.

Distal

The part furthest away from the midline

Habilitation

The processes and treatments leading to the acquisition of skills and functions that are normal and expected of an individual of a particular age and status

isotonic contraction

The tension in the muscle remains constant despite a change in muscle length. This can occur only when a muscle's maximal force of contraction exceeds the total load on the muscle.

What is there a drop on flexion at C7-T1?

The thoracic spine is more rigid than cervical spine

What is the duty of a university compliance officer

To enforce campus rules

List 2 types of parallel muscles:

Trapezoid, strap

A large rounded projection is?

Trochanter

A well-fitting splint, upon removal, may leave a red area on the person's skin

True

Determining a person's lifestyle needs for splint design and material is important

True

If a person has a wound that requires dressing, the therapist should fabricate the splint over the dressing and instruct the person to apply new dressings at appropriate interval.

True

In many hospital, patient pain is considered the fifth vital sign?

True

Main reason for dynamic splinting is to substitute for loss of motor function

True

True or false Bicarbonate is produced by the liver and its function is to neutralize stomach acid.

True but it is produced in the pancreas

torsion

Twisting force with one end of bone fixed

What seperates the nucleus pulposis and the annulus fibrosus from the bodies?

Two hyaline cartilaginous plates

concurrent forces

Two or more forces acting on a common point but pulling or pushing in different directions.

Which ligament is most important in stabilizing the flexed elbow to prevent abnormal adduction?

Ulnar MCL

Hypothenar muscles innervated by

Ulnar nerve

List 2 types of oblique muscles:

Unipennate, bipennate

Name 2 ways to measure edema

Volumetric Gerth measurement

Significant Tibialis Anterior weakness will effect what functional task of gait?

Weight Acceptance and swing limb advancement

...

What is apparent leg lengthu

Females

Who had wider pelvis makes or females?

Males Narrow hips

Who tends to lean more toward 8 degrees of angle of tortion? Males or females?

Is rolling an important part of bed mobility?

Yes

What makes the sciatic nerve unique?

because of its position and length, it is often subjected to trauma as a result of direct force, stretching, or impingement.

Bucket handle movement direction

medial/lateral

stress

the force that acts on an object to distort it

android shapes

"apple shapes", excess body fat on upper body and trunk and has greater risk of developing chronic disease

LDL cholesterol

"bad" blood cholesterol, delivers plaque to the arterial walls. < 100 mg/dl

HDL cholesterol

"good" blood cholesterol, helps remove plaque from the arterial walls, returning it to the liver. 60 mg/dl or more

gynoid shapes

"pear shaped", excess body fat in the lower body

dorsal interossei

(4) flex & abduct index, middle, and ring proximal phalanxes

nucleus pulposus

-gel w/ 80% water -loves water -loses water from compression -absorbs at night from decompression

pedicles

-joins arch post/lat -concavities in U/L surfaces for vertebral notches

vertebral foramen

-surrounded by parts of body, spinous process, pedicles, lamina

Intercarpal Joint

0 degrees of freedom

List the muscles of the superficial superior compartment of the lower leg

1. Gastrocnemius 2. Soleus 3. Plantaris

List the muscles of the lateral compartment of the lower leg

1. Peroneus longus 2. Peroneus brevis

Normal sequence of breathing

1. easy onset, subtle rise of abdomen 2. lateral costal expansion 3. gentle rise of upper chest in sup/ant planes

List the order of the entire airway, starting from initial inhalation through the entire respiratory tree

1. mouth 2. nose 3. pharynx 4. larynx 5. trachea 6. bronchi 7. bronchioles 8. respiratory bronchioles 9. alveolar ducts 10. atria 11. air sacs

What four muscles make up the rotator cuff?

1. subscapularis (anterior) 2. supraspinatus (posterior) 3. infraspinatus (posterior) 4. teres minor (posterior)

What are the key parts of the "depletion/repletion" method of glycogen loading?

1.) A long period of exercise to greatly reduce muscle glycogen 2.) low carb diet for a few days to reduce glycogen 3.) Cutting back on training and eating a big carb diet right before the event

Which of the following are true?

1.) Dietary fiber contains no energy 2.) simple sugars contain 4 kcal/gram 3.)digestible starch contains the same amount of energy as simple sugars

The advantage of energy gels compared with sports drinks or energy bars are

1.) gels digested and absorbed more quickly than bars 2.) Gels are more concentrated form of carbohydrate than sports drinks

The goals of digestion and absorption are to what?

1.)Keep toxins outside the body 2.) Allow nutrients to enter the body cells

what influences rebound?

1.)initial velocity 2.)elasticity 3.)angle of rebound 4.)spin

Angle of trunk rotation for diagnosis of scoliosis

10 degrees

During Terminal Stance how many degrees of Hip Ext, Ankle DF and MTP extension

10, 10, 30

According to Nancy Clark; What portion of kilocalories in your habitual diet should come from fat?

10-20%

angle of trunk rotation for monitoring

10-24 degrees

How much knee flexion is required to perform a sit to stand?

100º knee flexion

Floating ribs

11-12

During quiet breathing, average movement of the diaphragm is?

12.5mm on the right 12 mm on the left

What is the normal BP range and stage 1 hypertension?

120/80 is normal 139/149 is stage 1 hypertension <120/80> normal <120/80-129/89> <139/99-149/100> stage 1 hypertension <160+> stage 2 hypertension

There are about 300 grams of glycogen stored in the muscle. How many kilocalories does this represent?

1200

During Initial Swing how many degrees of Hip Flexion, Knee Flexion, and Ankle Plantar Flexion

15, 60, 10

What is the functional normal degrees of shoulder flexion and shoulder abduction?

180

Insertion of abductor pollicus longus

1st metacarpal

1st CMC Joint

2 degrees of freedom

MCP Joint

2 degrees of freedom

Radial Carpal Joint

2 degrees of freedom

How much hip flexor strength is required during initial swing?

2/5

Safe degrees of mouth opening

spinal column

24 intricate & complex articulating vertebrae -31 pairs of spinal nerves -24 articulating & 9 fused vertebrae

Vertebral column

24 vertebrae

During Loading Response how many degrees of Hip Flexion, Knee Flexion, and Ankle Plantar flexion

25, 15, 10

During Midswing how many degrees of Hip Flexion and Knee Flexion

25, 25

angle of trunk rotation for back bracing

25-49 degrees

What is the total ROM at the Ankle during gait?

25º

What is the critical event of PreSwing?

40º knee flexion

How much axial rotation is at C1-C2?

47'

Ratio of mouth opening

4:1:1, 4 degrees of opening, 1 deg of lateral deviation, 1 deg of protrusion

During Midstance how many degrees of Ankle DF

binge drinking

5 for men and 4 for women (per two hours)

Cortical bone is hard and compact with only ________% being porous.

5-30%

During Preswing how many degrees of Knee Flexion, Ankle Plantar flexion and MTP extension

What is the amount of MTP extension during Preswing

60 degrees

The stance phase is what portion of the gait cycle?

60%

How much MTP flexion is required for normal gait?

60º

68kg = ____ N

68kg x 9.81m/sec= 667 N

Vertebrae

7 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 3-4 coccygeal

Cut off angle for the angle of trunk rotation for physician referal

7 degree

Bucket handle movement at what ribs

7-10

Diaphragm involvement in supine

75%

Suboccipitals #

False Ribs

8-10

False ribs

8-10

Total hip rotation during gait is?

8-10º

Transverse Abdominals

A: compresses abdomen

External Obliques

A: compresses abdomen Internal downward fiber direction

Walking/standing

A: mobility D: less stable; make able to fall

Lying down

A: most stable D: cant be independent

Abductor Digiti Minimi

ABduct the 5th finger.

Cognition

Ability to organize knowledge about one's self and the environment. Results in action and decision making

What is the main function of the jejunum?

Absorption of single nutrients into the intestinal cells

Newton's Second Law of Motion

Acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the force causing it, is in the same direction as the force, and is inversely proportional to the mass of the object.

Thenar Muscles

Act on the thumb

The flexor digitorum is named for its____?

Action

What contributes to stability during single limb support?

Action of the Calf to prevent tibial collapse

Gluteus Medius

Action: ABduction Exercises: ABduction against resistance

Adductor Brevis

Action: Adduction Exercises: Adduction against resistance

Gluteus Minimus

Actions: ABduction, Internal rotation Exercises: ABduction against resistance

Pectineus

Actions: Adduction, Hip flexion, External rotation Exercises: Hip flexion or adduction against resistance

Tensor Fasciae Latae

Actions: Hip ABduction, flexion Exercises: Hip ABduction against resistance

Biceps Femoris

Actions: Hip extension, external rotation Exercises: Leg curls (emphasize with external rotation)

Gluteus Maximus

Actions: Hip extension, external rotation Exercises: Lunges, Deadlift, Squats, Leg press

Sartorius

Actions: Hip flexion, ABduction, external rotation, knee flexion Exercises: Leg raises (from dip or parallel bars). Straighten legs to add resistance

Iliopsoas

Actions: Hip flexion, external rotation Exercises: Leg raises (from dip or parallel bars). Straighten legs to add resistance

Expiration

Air out of lungs Chest depresses

Describe/explain the main purpose of the rotator cuff muscles

Allows your shoulder to rotate 180 degrees. Stabilizes the shoulder joint.

Why is practical experience important in sports management

Always build your resume. more opportunities later on

Validity

An assessment or evaluation actually measures what it claims to measure

Autonomic dysreflexia

An uninhibited and exaggerated reflex of the autonomic nervous system to stimulation.

Define isotonic muscle contraction

Angle changes, concentric or eccentric. Resistance stays the same

Define Isokinetic muscle contraction

Angle changes, resistance changes, speed stays the same. requires special machines.

Tibial movement over the fulcrum of the ankle is called?

Ankle Rocker

Origin of Rectus femoris

Anterior inferior iliac spine, grove above the acetabulum

Insertion of Sartorius

Anterior medial condyle of tibia

Insertion of Gracillis

Anterior medial surface of tibia

Origin of Adductor longus

Anterior pubis just below crest

Origin of Sartorius

Anterior superior iliac spine

Femoral nerve

Anterior thigh

Force:

Any action or influence that moves an object

Public law 94-142

Appropriate public education for children with disabilities

Coxa Verus < 125

Are girls usually coxa Verus or coxa Valgus?

Coxa Verus >125

Are males typically more coxa Verus or Valgus?

What makes up the glenohumeral joint?

Articulation of the scapula and humerus

Occupational therapist

Assists people with physical, emotional, or mental disabilities, to restore or maintain as much independence as possible in daily living and work throughout their lives

Lower motor neuron lesion

Atrophy; slower/not at all reflex

The point around which motion occurs in a plane is called _____

Axis

psychologist from Penn State who began research focused on women in sport

B) Dorothy Harris

Vestibular system

Balance in ears

Insertion of Flexor Pollicus Longus

Base of distal phalanx of thumb on palmar surface

Where is C7 located?

Base of neck

Name 3 values of proper body mechanics during transferring

Being able to support patient (keep knees and hips bent) Preventing them from falling Keep hands on the patient at all times (use gait belt) Energy conservation

Like starch cellulose is a polymer of repeating glucose units. Why can't we digest is as humans

Beta 1,4 bonds in cellulose cannot be broken by human amylase.

____ joints allow for 2 directions of movement

Biaxial

Give an example of the following: groove

Bicipital groove of the humerous

Explain the importance of bile in digestion of fat. Additionally what is the connection between fiber bile and lower cholesterol?

Bile:stored in gall bladder, released to emulsify fat and break into smaller fat droplets to be digested Soluble fibers lower blood cholesterol is thru its ability to reduce the amount of bile reabsorbed in intestines. When fiber interferes with absorption of bile in intestines, bile is excreted in feces. To make up for loss of bile, liver makes more bile salts. Body uses cholesterol to make bile salts therefore more bile salts are made from liver more LDL cholesterol is pulled from blood(lowering ur cholesterol)

Buccinator does what

Blow and Suck and Swallow

functional anatomy

Body components necessary to achieve goal. focus on function

Describe the anatomical position and why it's so important

Body standing erect, palms facing forward. It creates a universal standard position to base movements and locations off of.

Open chain, closed chain or both: Walking

Both

Distribution

Building relationships and distributors and retailers, securing optimal shelf space and maintaining optimal shelf space, and maintaining low-cost product transportation systems

Kinesiology Professor

C) help develop theory, teach courses, develop health promotion programs and conduct workshops on motivation

Cervical spine

C1-c7

Brachial

C5-T1

When walking away what part of gait is best observed?

Calcaneal inversion/eversion

The products of oxidative glycolysis are what?

Carbon dioxide and water

Major categories of tests

Cardiovascular and pulmonary function Musculoskeletal function Energy balance assessment Body composition measurement Blood collection Injury rehabilitation Motor performance Behavioral and psychological function

The basis of bone composition include all of the following constituents except: CaCO3 Cartilage Ca3(PO4)2 H2O Collagen

Cartilage

What is the epihyseal plate made up of in a child?

Cartilage

Breaking down polymers to smaller molecules to release energy is called?

Catabolism

On a quadruped, what term describes towards the tail?

Caudal

Which level of the CNS controls provides for the creation of voluntary movement and resembles a flattened tendon?

Cerebral cortex

antioxidant

Chemical compounds that nullify the effects of oxygen free radicals by forming a bond with their unattached oxygen electron.

Name 4 interventions for managing pain (other than medications)

Chiropractic, aromatherapy, yoga, music therapy

Close pack vrs loose pack

Close pack joint surfaces have max. Contact and are tightly compressed. Loose pack: the position where the joint surfaces are in its resting position

Transverse abdominis action

Compress abdominal contents

What type of joint is the radiocarpal joint?

Condyloid

The Carpal Tunnel

Consists of Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Flexor Digitorum Profundus Flexor Pollicis Longus Median Nerve

What is the insertion of the pectorals minor?

Coracoid process

Rib cage components

Costal cartilage & 12 pairs of ribs

Origin of diaphragm

Costal, lumbar, sternal

Anterior longitudinal ligament

Covers anterior surface of vertebrae from C2 to sacrum. Closely attached to disks and margins of vertebral body

tarsals

Cuneiform(3), cuboid, navicular, talus, calcaneus

professor at U of Illinois who started sport psychology research in North America

D) Coleman Griffith

The greatest demand torque at any point in the gait cycle is?

DR in terminal stance

Quadratus lumborum location

Deepest muscle of abdomen, but feel posteriorly

Name the largest muscle of the shoulder and what main movements does it assist with

Deltoid-Flextion for every 2 degrees your shoulder is in flexion, your shoulder will rotate 1 degree.

strength

Demonstrating a degree of muscle power when movement is resisted, as with objects or gravity

Serratus posterior inferior

Depress ribs during exhalation

Which of the following actions is not performed by the rhomboids? Elevation Downward rotation Adduction Depression

Depression

The area of the skin served by the spinal nerves that exists between two vertebras is called what?

Dermatomes

rehabilitation

Describes processes and treatments that restore skills or functions that were previously acquired but have been lost due to injury, disease, or behavioral traits such as voluntary inactivity

Kinetics:

Description of what causes motion

Strength and conditioning specialist

Design weight training programs and cardiovascular conditioning programs based on the demands inherent to specific needs of individual athletes

Describe the function of the vestibular system

Detects movement and balance

What is your kinesthetic sense

Determines muscle/joint movement

Moving to one side and coming back to middle

Deviation

Muscle involvement in inspiration during quiet breathing

Diaphragm 67% Int/Ext Intercostals 30% Accessory 3%

The medullary canal is located in the _______ section of long bones and is filled with yellow marrow.

Diaphysis

The shaft of a long bone is termed?

Diaphysis

Name 2 therapy roles that a COTA would be involved with a patient with an orthotic

Donning/Doffing the othotics Making sure patient follows doctors orders for ADL functioning.

What nerve innervates the rhomboids?

Dorsal scapular nerve

Peroneus Tertius (fibularis) Muscle ll

Dorsiflexion of ankle Eversion of foot

Tibialis Anterior Muscle ll

Dorsiflexion of ankle inversion of foot

Non-coaching levels at a secondary level

Driving a bus. Managing equipment.

Damage to the Deep Peroneal nerve will cause what

Drop foot

What piece of equipment would you use to measure a patients grip strength?

Dynomometer. Patient will squeeze tool with hand as hard as they can while keeping their arm by side of their body. Should be sitting down in upright position. Elbow should be flexed at 90 degrees

identification of: kind of contraction (i.e., concentric, eccentric or isometric).

Eccentric Muscle Action - Muscle lengthens because it gives in to an external force that is greater than the contractile force it is generating. Muscle acts as a brake or resistive force against opposition of gravity or other external forces. Concentric Muscle Action - Muscle shortens because tension generated is sufficient to overcome a resistance and to move the body segment of one attachment toward the segment of its other attachment. Isometric Muscle Action - Static muscle action where muscle generates tension without any appreciable change in length Can be performed against the opposition of another force (e.g., pull of gravity or external force) or the isometric muscle action of an antagonist muscle

Functional ROM

Enough to perform a task

What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

Enthrodial (ball and socket)

Origin of Adductor Magnus

Entire ramus of pubis, ischium and ischial tuberosity

Which is required to make ATP from fatty acids?

Entry into mitochondria

What is the advantage of storing glucose as glycogen, a molecule with many branches?

Enzymes break it down from the ends of the branches so energy is quickly released when we need to move quickly

Shortly after adolescence, _________ disappear & close , signaling the end of bone growth in length.

Epiphyseal plates

How often should a patient who is able to reposition themselves perform a pressure relief in order to prevent pressure sores

Every 15 minutes

Patients who are at risk for pressure sores and are dependent; should be repositioned in bed how often?

Every 2 hours

The distance between a muscles max elongation and max shortening is

Excursion

What muscles provides the hour glass contour and helps keep internal organs in place?

Ext/Int. Obliques

Transversospinalis location

Extend at varying lengths from the transverse & spinous processes

Erector spinae bilateral

Extend vertebral column

Muscles in the 3rd compartment

Extensor Pollicis Brevis

Individual issues to control

Factors that could affect subjects, patients, or clients so that accurate results are obtained

List 5 safety concerns/precautions when assisting a patient with a transfer

Falling Hurting pt in any way Gait belt Hazards Transfer level Make sure pt is stable Privacy

Short narrow splints apply less pressure to the skins surface than long, wide splints and are therefore better

False

T/F Each muscle is innervated by a single motor neuron that controls its action.

False

before the age of 5 there is a single mature supine to stance pattern.

False

Research has identified the most consistent pattern for persons to get up out of bed.

False. there is no consistent pattern for getting up out of bed

fusiform muscle

Fascicles are in parallel form. Provides a faster muscle action. A spindle-like shape that is wide in the middle and tapers at both ends Strap, triangular/convergent, and circular are three types of fusiform arrangements.

Type 2 muscle fibre

Fast twitch, lactid acid cycle, quick bursts

What molecules contain useable energy?

Fat Carbs Protein

Semimembranosus (Knee)

Flex knee, Internal rotation of flexed knee Exercises: Leg curls (emphasize with internal rotation), swiss ball leg curls, glute/ham raises

Which is not a muscle property that provides forces and or movements in joints? Contractibility Elasticity Extensibility Irritability Flexibility

Flexibility

fortified foods

Foods in which nutrients are added that did not originally exist in foods or existed in insignificant amounts.

Shear Force

Force acting on a substance in a direction perpendicular to the extension of the substance.

bending

Force applies no direct support, weight bearing different points of bone

Friction:

Force developed by 2 surfaces, which tends to prevent motion of one surface across another

shear

Force parallel to surface, compression force or tension force application

Compressive force (compression)

Force that tends to shorten or squeeze something, decreasing its volume.

Transversus Abdominis Muscle

Forced expiration

Manipulation

Forced movement into the joint

parallel forces

Forces in same plane and direction with a counter force in the middle and going in opposite directions. ex seesaw

Renshaw cell

Forms closed loop on a motor neuron on the spinal cord. Limits amount of action potentials going through neuron

identification of: starting position

Fundamental Standing Position -Standing Erect w/ feet parallel , Arms hanging at side w/ palms facing medially Anatomical Standing Position- Standing Erect w/ feet parallel , Arms hanging at side w/ palms supinated

introduces coaching philosophy, instructional technique and safety

G) Rookie coach program certification

Insertion of Tensor Fascia Latae

Gerdy's tubercle

What type of joint is the elbow joint?

Ginglymus (hinge)

Manual muscle testing can be tested in which 2 positions

Gravity and gravity eliminated

Give an example of: trochanter

Greater trochanter of the femur

Give an example of: tubercle

Greater tubercle of the humerous

Osteokinematics

Gross movement of bones at the joint.

The most superior part of the body is the ____

Head (cranium)

Pygmalion effect

Higher expectations lead to increase in performance

Why is it important that patients follow their hip precautions?

Hip could come out of socket if they do not follow precautions. What was done in surgery could be ruined and risk of infection.

To make the hamstrings passively insufficient you should put your patient in the following position:

Hip flexion and knee extension

In a swayback posture the pelvis is in a posterior tilt, which muscles are long/short?

Hip flexors and RF are long Hamstrings are short

Quadratic lumdorum nickname

Hip hiker

Inability to flex the knee would cause what gaits

Hip hiking, Vaulting, Circumduction

Which of the following actions do the posterior fibers of the deltoid perform? Horizontal abduction Flexion Internal rotation All of the above

Horizontal abduction

Stretch the hip flexors , and lumbar spine extensors Strengthen hip extensors and abs

How would you treat tight hip flexors?

Articulate cartilage is ____ cartilage

Hyaline

What kills or stuns most of the bacteria and viruses that coat the food people eat?

Hydrochloric acid in the stomach

Upper motor neuron

Hyperreflexia, clonus

exercise psychology

I) the study of psychological aspects of fitness, exercise, health and wellness

Occupational performance skills

Identifies the motor and process skills required to perform the occupations

When should you NOT test for MMT on a patient

If patient has: amputation, injury, ROM is affected, severe pain, or orthorsis

Right leg

If you have a lateral pelvic tilt to the left , which leg will appear shorter?

Tight- hip flexors Tight spine extensors Weak - hip extensors Abs.

If you have an anterior pelvic tilt what muscle groups are tight ? What are weak?

Decrease

If you have coxa Valgus will your q angle increase or decrease?

Sacrospinalis muscles

Iliocostalis thoracis longissimus thoracis spinalis thoracis iliocostalis lumborum

Erector spinae group

Illiocostals, longissiums, Spinalis

motor unit

Include a single motor neuron and muscle fibers it innervates

Public law 108-265

Increased access to food and nutrition assistance for children

Academic learning

Increased emphasis on making sure that students are appropriately engaged in the sport

Mobility of the thorax in breathing

Increases inferiorly Increases anteriorly

Name the 7 levels of assistance and their percentages if needed

Independent Standby assist Contact guard assist (CGA) Total dependence-pt gives less than 25% Max assist-pt gives 25-49% Mod assist-pt gives 50-74% Min assist-pt gives 75% or more

Open-Loop Theory

Individuals do not receive feedback from the joints, proprioceptors, and muscles of the body during movement. Body movements are completely preplanned prior to the initiation of the movement

Where Is T7

Inferior angle of scapula

Origin of Tricep Brachii long head

Infraglenoid tubercle below inferior lip of glenoid fossa of the scapula

External intercostal action

Inhalation

State 5 benefits of PROM (passive range of motion)

Inhibit pain Improve circulation Sensory awareness Skin and muscle integrity Prevent contractures

What factors determine how much ATP is required to power movement?

Intensity of exercise Duration of exercise

cancellous bone

Interior to cortical bone Contains plates or trabeculae Can absorb more energy

motion occurring in transverse plane

Internal/external rotation External rotation begins during extension Internal rotation occurs during flexion

Origin of Vastus Lateralis

Intertrochanteric line, inferior border of greater trochanter and upper portion of linea aspera

What does dynamic mean?

Involving multiple parts working together to perform a single task

The ability of a muscle to respond to a stimulus is

Irritability

Vector:

Is a quantity having both magnitude and direction

Higher

Is the angle of inclination higher or lower when you are younger?

Convex femoral head on concave acetabulum

Is the hip joint concave on convex or convex on concave?

Closed pack

Is the hip more congruent, stable and most taught in the open pack or closed pack position?

Origin of Biceps Femoris

Ischial tuberosity

What is the definition of isometric exercises and isotonic exercises and give an example of each

Isometric exercises-no lengthening or shortening of the muscle. i.e. doing a plank Isotonic exercises-muscles move to perform tasks. i.e. bicep curls

What type of joint is the scapulothoracic joint?

It does not have a classification

What is pepsin and what does it do?

It is an enzyme that digest protein to amino acids

works on helping athletes enhance performance

J) sport psychology specialist

What is the name for forces that cause movement?

Kinematics

Vastus Intermedius

Knee extension Exercises:Leg extensions, leg press, squats

Lumbar

L1-L5

Pronation begins right after initial contact to assist with shock absorption, when should Pronation end and supination begin?

Late Mid Stance

The radius is on the ____ aspect of the arm.

Lateral

Insertion of Vastus Lateralis

Lateral border of patella and tibial tuberosity

Insertion of Biceps Femoris

Lateral condyle of tibia, head of fibula

What factors influence strategies chosen when moving from supine to stand?

Lifestyle Physical activity level

Insertion of Adductor Magnus

Linea aspera, condylar ridge and the adductor tubercle

When moving from supine to stand, the components of body movement include:

Lower extremities axial upper extremities

burnout

M) this happens when children are pipelined into 1 activity at a very early age

As a therapist why is it important to manage edema in a patient

Manage ROM Increase their activity in ADLs

Thenar muscles innervated by

Median nerve

What phases of gait are single limb support

Mid Stance and Terminal Stance

Origin of Flexor Pollicus longus

Middle anterior surface of the radius and nterior medial border of the ulna just distal to the coronoid process, medial epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion of Adductor longus

Middle third of linea aspera

Transversospinalis group

Multifidi, rotatores & semispinalis capitus

Isometric

Muscle is the same length

Describe proprioceptor sensory, what is the function of this sensory?

Muscle strength. Senses where your body is at in space

Attention

Must be focused on the task during perceptual processing for recognition and must be maintained long enough to finish the task

aggression

N) usually happens when frustration is extreme

Pyramidal system

Neurons come down from cortex and cross to other side of the body through pyramids in the medulla

Name 3 hip precautions after THA

No adduction- do not cross your legs No flexion of hip beyound 90 degrees No internal/external rotation

Name 3 back precautions after surgery

No bending, lifting, twisting

qualitative

Non-numerical, based on direct observation, equipment not necessary, focus on time and space (rotation of femur during golf swing)

Which of the following are part of the rotator cuff group? Deltoid Teres major Anconeus Subclavius None

None

Screening

Not specific; gives a general idea of whats going on

Custodial care facility

Nursing homes provide services to assist in activities of daily living as well as to meet peoples specific medical needs

institutional setting

O) most common setting of coaching

Scalenus Medius

O: Cervical Vertebrae I: 1st Rib

Supinator

O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus I: radius A: supinates forearm N: radial nerve

Anconeus

O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus I: ulna A: Extends forearm N: Radial nerve

Stenocleidomastoid

O: Manubrium I: Mastoid process A: draws head to shoulder point

Pectoralis Major

O: Sternum, Clavicle I: greater tubercle A: flexion, adduction of arm N: Pectoral

Subscapularis

O: Subscapular fossa I: Lesser tubercle A: Rotates arm medially N: subscapular nerves

Subclavius

O: first rib I: Clavicle A:Depresses Clavicle N: Subclavius

Sternocleidomastoid

O: mastoid process I: clavicle/sternum A: Flex/Lat. Flex

bone hypertrophy

Occurs in response to physical activity Stimulated more by the magnitude of the skeletal loading than by the frequency of loading Reduces the risk of osteoporosis

impingement

Occurs when the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles become irritated and inflamed as they pass through the subacromial space, the passage beneath the acromion

Rhomboid

Origin - C7, T1-T5 Insertion - medial (vertebral) border of scapula Movements - adduction (retraction), downward rotation, elevation

External oblique abdominal

Origin - anteromedial aspect of ribs 5-12 Insertion - iliac crest, aponeurosis Action - lumbar flexion, lateral lumbar flexion and lumbar rotation

leading scholar in 1970's who began study of competitive anxiety in sport

P) Rainer Martens

An example of eccentric contraction is?

PF during midstance

Upper motor neuron

Part of CNS

Lower motor neuron

Part of PNS; synapse on skeletal muscle

Basal Ganglia

Part of coordination, makes movements smooth. Major disorder is Parkinsons

What Downward rotator cannot be palpated in Prone

Pectoralis Minor

During which phase of sit to stand does maximum DF occur?

Phase 2: Momentum transfer/initial lift

Which phase of sit to stand is the most challenging due to COM outside of BOS and results in greatest instability?

Phase 2: momentum transfer/initial lift

6 things that attach to the Pisiform

Pisohamate lig Pisometacarpal lig Transverse carpal lig Flexor Carpi Ulnaris FR Abductor Digiti Minimi

Peroneus Brevis (fibularis) Muscle ll

Plantar flexion of ankle Eversion of foot

Peroneus Longus (fibularis) Muscle ll

Plantar flexion of ankle Eversion of foot

The calcaneus is on the ____ aspect of the foot

Posterior

Most stable parts of thorax

Posterior and superior

Origin of abductor pollicus longus

Posterior aspect of the radius, mid shaft of ulna

Origin of Quadratus lumborum

Posterior inner lip of the iliac crest

Insertion of Semimembranosus

Posterior medial condyle of tibia

What is the last period of stance?

PreSwing

Life Span Stages

Prenatal Infancy Early childhood and late childhood Adolescence Adulthood older adulthood

State 4 main causes of pressure sores

Pressure Shearing Moisture Friction

Diaphram

Primary muscle of respiration

Advertising

Promote their events and sell their services or products

Walking-Midstance immediately follows with foot moving into

Pronation

Median nerve impinged at

Pronator Teres Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Carpal Tunnel

Unconscious balancing of your body?

Proprioception

Name one primary function of the scapula

Provide a socket joint for your shoulder Attach the upper arm to the thorax, or trunk of the body

Identfiy 3 types of patients who may be at risk for a pressure sore

Pts who are bed ridden, obese, in a wheelchair

pythagoras

Pythagorean theorem

study focus more on aspects of competitive sport participation

Q) sport psychology

What muscle stabalizes ribs 11-12

Quadratus Laborum

Hip flexion and knee extension would make what muscles actively insufficient?

Rectus femoris

Give 2 examples of oblique muscles:

Rectus femoris, seminembranosus

Subocciput triangle

Rectus straight

What defines energy balance?

Relationship between energy intake and energy expenditure

What is an orthotic

Restricts movement (brace)

Peroneal nerve lesion

Results in foot drop and numbness of skin on the lateral side of leg

Memory

Retaining and recalling facts, events, impressions, and remembering/recognizing previous experiences o Multistore memory model ♣ Short-term sensory store ♣ Short-term memory ♣ Long-term memory

Pain in jaw from being in

Retrodiscal space

Name one of the muscles that assist with stabilizing the scapula

Rhomboids Levator scap Traps Serratus anterior

Muscles affected by the dorsal scapular nerve

Rhomboids, Levator Scapula

Spin

Rotation of the moveable joint surface on the fixed adjacent surface

1980's

S) research extended from solely laboratory settings to actual competitive setting

Rotation to the opposite side

SCM Semispinalis capitis Deep posterior spinal group: -Rotatores -Multifidus

Name 4 of the main common sites for pressure sores on a patient

Saccrum Heel Back of head Elbows

Identify the plane: Climbing stairs

Sagital

An abnormal lateral curvature

Scoliosis

2 long term functional outcomes for a SCI level C6:

Self feeding independently with AE Modified independence with UE dressing

Merchandising

Selling their name and logos on various products

Closed-loop theory

Sensory information necessary to control motor performance is received by the nervous system during the movement

Which muscle is located between the subscapularis and the thorax?

Serratus Anterior

PF weakness will affect what task?

Single Limb support

Type 1 muscle fibre

Slow twitch, more mitochondria

Parietal lobe

Somatosensory

Erector spinae

Spinae to occipital along posterior aspect of vertebral column

How to locate vertebrae points

Spineous & transverse processes

Orbicularis Oculi does what

Squint or forcefully close eye

Rectilinear motion

Straight-line progression of the object as a whole with all its parts moving the same distance in the same direction at a uniform rate of speed.

factors that affect mechanical behavior of bone

Strain or deformation under load

Give an example of : fossa

Subscapular fossa of the scapula

Damage to what nerve causes trendelenberg gait

Superior Gluteal

Where is T2

Superior angle of scapula

Order of mm contraction of shoulder elevator

Supraspinatus, deltoids, infraspinatus, teres minor, Traps

A Study by VanSant in 1988 found 1/4 of subjects 20-35 years old stood up from the ground like this?

Symmetrical trunk and symmetrical squat

_____ is a term for a joint with no motion

Synarthrosis

Norman triplett

T) the first to study effects of cycling performance with the presence of other people

Thoracic

T1-t12

Promotions

Tactics marketers use to communicate with and attract buyers

What does the sense of gustatory detect

Taste

Heel off occurs during which phase of gait?

Terminal Stance

When is DF at maximum, how much is necessary for normal gait?

Terminal stance, 10º DF

newton's law of motion #2

The acceleration of an object depends on the mass of the object and the amount of force applied.

Dorsal

The back of a quadruped, the surface that faces up.

What happens when the diaphragm contracts

The central tendon pulls downward increasing space in the thoracic cavity and thus changing the pressure within the cavity.

Perception

The component of cognition that involves all sensory input

eccentric contraction

The force generated is insufficient to overcome the external load on the muscle and the muscle fibers lengthen as they contract. An eccentric contraction is used as a means of decelerating a body part or object, or lowering a load gently rather than letting it drop.

Inertia:

The property of matter that causes it to resist any change in its motion in either speed or direction. Mass is a measure of inertia because of its measure of resistance to change in motion

Roll

The rolling of one joint surface on another

Which statement best defines "metabolism"

The sum of energy yielding and energy storing processes

Concentric muscles perform what type of contractions?

Their contractions cause movement against gravity or resistance

Why should you be skeptical that "metabolic advantages" cause the rapid weight loss claimed by low carb diets?

These advantages could only produce about 1/2 pound of fat loss per week: none of these advantages are based on real metabolic principles in humans.

Kyophobic curve

Thoracic & sacral

Sciatic

Tibial and common peroneal

Engaged time

Time students spend actually participating in physical activity or sport

Labrum

Tissue that surrounds glenohumeral joint

In Pre Swing weight shifted over the big toe is called?

Toe rocker

Identify the plane: Spinning or rotation

Transverse

Pronation and supination occur in what plane?

Transverse

>135

What angle of inclination is considered clinical coxa Valgus?

<120

What angle of inclination is considered coxa Verus ?

Flexion > abduction <IR

What is the capsular pattern of limitation for the hip?

Arthrokinemstics- joint motions Occur in the same direction as osteokinemstics- bone motion.

What is the concave on convex rule?

Arthrokinemstics- joint motions Occur in the opposite direction as osteokinemstics- bone motion .

What is the convex on concave rule ?

A fibrous cartilaginous structure that wraps around the accetabular rim.

What is the labrum of the hip and where is it located?

125 degrees

What is the normal angle of inclination for adult males?

8-15 degrees

What is the normal angle of tortion for adults?

Lateral Inferior Anterior

What is the orientation of the acetabulum?

The angle of inclation The angle of tortion

What two things are affected by how wide your hips are?

The sacroiliac joint The pubis symphysis

What two things does the pelvis rotate around?

greenstick fracture

When the bone breaks, it frays out like trying to break and pull apart a stick. This happens in children; incomplete fracture *most common in children

Illiofemoral lig.

Which ligamentous referred to as the Y ligament?

Females Cause wider hips

Who tends to lean more toward a 15 degree angle of tortion males or females?

Origin of Vastus Medialis

Whole length of linea aspera and medial condyloid ridge

Newton's First Law of Motion

a body continues in it's state of rest or of uniform motion unless an unbalanced force acts on it

FITT formula

a formula for designing a safe and effective program that specifies frequency, intensity, time, and type of exercise

dietician

a health care professional who has training in nutrition and diet planning

calorie

a measure of the amount of chemical energy that foods provide

Function of the fixator

a muscle that holds the bone in place while another muscle performs its function

Friction

a resistance to rolling or sliding, based on the nature of the two interacting surfaces

Which muscles are responsible for the ability to produce a symmetric sit up

abdominals and hip flexors

motion occurring in coronal plane

abduction/adduction

elasticity

ability of an object to return to its natural shape after being deformed

toleration

ability to drink (alcohol) more without feeling it

wellness

achieving the highest level of health possible in each of several dimensions

Tests to diagnose scoliosis

adams test forward bending test

hip adduction

adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor magnus, pectineus, gracilis

hallucinogens

affect perception, sensation, awareness, and emotion

skill related fitness

agility, balance, coordination, reaction time, speed, power

high blood pressure

aka silent killer

rotational

all parts of human body travel along a circle or its part, unless they are in the axis of rotation

linear

all parts of human body travel the same distance during the same time

how to change momentum

apply force

to prevent burnout, coaches and trainers should use _____________ to change the monotony of routine or practice

b) variety

33 weeks

baby is considered viable after this long

Why is there more rotation at T1-T2

because its a junction site

vo2 max

best way to measure cardiovascular fitness

elbow supination

biceps brachii supinator

flexion at elbow

biceps brachii, brachialis (prime), brachioradialis

unipennate

biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus

knee flexion

biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, popliteus(initiates)

protein

biological molecules composed of amino acids

diastolic

bottom number- while heart is resting between beats

rebound

bounce back up

At rest what accounts for most of the body's energy?

brain and nervous tissue

The anterior deltoid muscle is best stretched by?

bringing the arm into maximal external rotation

Types of rib movement

bucket handle pump handle

short bones

carpals

tar

causes "smoker's cough"

Diaphragm attachment

central tendon

Where is the most motion in spinal column

cervical spine has the greatest range of motion

Linear velocity

change of speed in a linear fashion

opiods

chemically altered morphine

How do people blow out a disc

chronic condition damage to multiple layers over years

cortisol

chronic stress

Stimulus recognition

collection of information from the environment

essential amino acids

collectively, the nine of the 20 types of amino acids, or building blocks, that our bodies cannot manufacture and that we must consume in our foods

MCL / UCL

combats valgus stress in the elbow

LCL / RCL

combats varus stress in the elbow

health

complete well being

skill-related fitness

components of physical fitness that have a relationship with enhanced motor skills and performance in sports

health-related fitness

components of physical fitness that have a relationship with good health

active tension

contractile element (actin/myosin), higher levels of tension

Intercostals

contribute 30% inspiration force couple window shade mechanism ribs tilt 10-12*

Cervical curvature

convex from apex of odontoid process to T2

Lumbar curvature

convex from middle of T12 to sacrovertebra; articulation w/greatest convexity at the lower 3 segments

angle of inclination

coronal plane; the angle of the femoral neck with respect to the shaft of the femur in the frontal plane; <125 = coxa vara; >125 = coxa valga; can be altered with surgery

Which ligaments hold the menisci in place?

coronary ligaments

head coaching at a major university is not very conducive for a _________________ because of the time committed to sport/team

d) family

acute compartment syndrome

deadly; can lead to multi-organ failure; after an injury, tough walls of fascia cannot easily expand and compartment pressure rises, preventing adequate blood flow to the tissues; injury to origin or insertion when a muscle system group receives an insult/blow, it inflames the muscle which causes it to swell.

Response selection

decision on what to do after collecting and processing information

Learning

defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior that results from practice or experience

multipennate

deltoid, gluteus maximus

axis

dens process strong pedicles small transverse process vertebral artery acends from C6-C1 transverse foramen

Weight

depends on its quantity of matter and the strength of the gravitational attraction acting on it

Serratus Posterior Inferior

depress the ribs during exhalation.

Pectoralis Minor

depress the scapula. ABduct the scapula. downwardly rotate the scapula.

Internal intercostals

depresses ribs during inspiration by tilting

Scalar Quantity

describe size and amount

Vector Quantity

described by both magnitude and direction

Secondary curves

develop after birth cervical lumbar

identification of: category of joint (diarthrosis or synarthrosis)

diarthrosis - presence of a joint cavity synarthrosis- absence of a joint cavity

whole foods

dietary items produced and consumed with the minimum of processing

Diaphragm

draw down the central tendon of the diaphragm. increase the volume of the thoracic cavity during inhalation.

curvilinear

during this motion, the trajectories of individual particles of the body are curved, although the orientation of the body in space does not change

What are these test used for

dynamometer: grip strength 9-hole-peg-test: fine motor purdue pegboard: fine motor of hand berg balance: fine motor and coordination slosson performance test: fine and gross motor and eye/hand coordination

Serratus Posterior Superior

elevate the ribs during inhalation.

Reaction force (including ground reaction force)

equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force vector that is being applied to the ground

Extensor Digitorum Longus

extend the 2nd through 5th toes. dorsiflex the ankle. evert the foot.

Anconeus

extend the elbow.

Extensor Hallucis Longus

extend the first toe. dorsiflex the ankle. invert the foot.

Latissimus Dorsi

extend the shoulder. ADduct the shoulder. medially rotate the shoulder.

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

extend the wrist. ADduct the wrist.

coaches and exercise leaders try to eliminate cohesion to help their teams succeed.

false

if you work at a community college in California you can make first contact with any recruit nation-wide

false

the ABC's of physical activity when speaking in sport and exercise terminology are Affect, Balance and Cognitions

false

the difference between positive perfectionism and negative perfectionism is that positive perfectionists do not have the ability to accept mistakes and when they do, there is a drop in self-esteem

false

long bones

femur, ulna

Brachioradialis

flex the elbow.

Biceps Brachii

flex the elbow. supinate the forearm. flex the shoulder.

Flexor Hallucis Longus

flex the first toe. weak plantar flexion of ankle. invert the foot.

Sartorius

flex the hip. laterally rotate the hip. ABduct the hip. flex the knee. medially rotate the flexed knee.

Tensor Fasciae Latae & Iliotibial Tract

flex the hip. medially rotate the hip. ABduct the hip.

how can we calculate force

force=massXacceleration

external force

forces by bodies within a system that influce things outside of that system

internal force

forces exerted by bodies within a system

Abduction of the shoulder joint occurs on what plane?

frontal

extension at hip

gluteus maximus, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris

hip abduction

gluteus medius, gluteus minimus

can be cured

gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis

The 1st peak of GRF during gait is?

greater than BW due to momentum and downward acceleration

arteriosclerosis

hardening of arteries

archimedes

hydrostatic weighing

4 times more likely to become an alcoholic

if you start drinking at 15 rather than 21 you're _____

flexion at hip

iliopsoas, rectus femoris, sartorius, pectineus, tensor fascia latae

impulse

impulse(j)=force(F)xtime(t) an impulse is needed to change its momentum

how is momentum conserved during an impact

in any system the total momentum before an event is always equal to the total momentum after the event

What direction do you work in w/people who have bulged discs?

in the direction that is protrudes

Posterior longitudinal ligament

in vertebral canal, over posterior surface of bodies from C2 to sacrum. Close adherent to disks and margins of bodies

kyphosis

increase backward curvature in thoracic region

Kyphosis

increased anterior concavity of thoracic curve

A child and adult can walk at the same speed due to?

increased cadence in child's gait

anaerobic

intense level- more oxygen

Expiration muscles

internal intercostals passive action

Tibialis Anterior

invert the foot. dorsiflex the ankle.

Dynamic biomechanics

investigates bodies, masses, and forces when they are speeding up or slowing down

Fading knowledge of results

involves a systematic reduction in the amount of knowledge of results given to an individual during a practice session

Velocity

involves direction as well as speed

velocity

is a vector that describes displacement and is measured in units such as feet per second or mph

Terminal swing is a period of?

knee extension

Abnormal curvatures

kyphosis lordosis scoliosis

newton

laid the foundations for modern dynamics formulated 3 laws of motion

Lower rib movement

lateral and superior

Scoliosis

lateral curvatures or sideward deviations of spine

scoliosis

lateral deviation most frequent in thorax most common named according to direction of convexity systemic problem, not just orthopedic problem

Origin of Extensor digitorum

lateral epicondyle of humerus

What do all muscles in the back do?

lateral flex to the side

eccentric muscle actions

lengthen

Sport instructor

less time with supplemental responsibilities

At initial contact the pelvis is _____ in the coronal plane?

level

At initial contact the pelvis is _______ in the frontal plane?

level

kinetic chain

linking of multiple muscles and joints together to move the body

fat

lipids, such as butter, lard, and bacon grease, which are usually solids at room temperature

Muscles of the prevertebral group

longus colli longus capitus rectus capitus ant. rectus capitus lateralis

anorexia

low self esteem, sterility, bone loss, dry skin, weight loss

External Oblique Abdominal Muscle

lumbar flexion

Internal Oblique Abdominal Muscle

lumbar flexion

what are 3 aspects that define force

magnitude, direction, point of application

The pelvis at initial contact in the transverse plane is at?

max Anterior position

mass

measurement of the amount of matter something contains

What nerve innervates the pec major lower fibers?

medial pectoral nerve

Popliteus

medially rotate the flexed knee. flex the knee.

Subscapularis

medially rotate the shoulder. stabilize the head of humerus in glenoid cavity.

endometrial cycle

menstrual, prolifertive, secretory

According to Shumway-Cook, what are the essential features of moving from supine to standing?

momentum stability of COM within BOS Adapt movement to environment

momentum

momentum(P)=mass(m)Xvelocity(v) energy of motion of an object

120 hours

morning after pill should be taken after this amount o time

angular motion

motion around some point

linear motion

movement on straight or curved pathway

sequential

multiple joints move in multiple sequences

anabolic steroids

muscle building

Two reasons to stretch a muscle rapidly prior to contracting it forcefully.

muscle spindles are involved in the stretch reflex and are triggered by rapid lengthening of the muscle as well as absolute length. At the end of the rapid eccentric contraction, the muscle has reached a great length at a high velocity. This may cause the muscle spindle to enact a powerful stretch reflex, further enhancing the power of the following concentric contraction.

essential fat

necessary for normal body functioning; it includes fats in the brain, muscles, nerves, bones, lungs, heart, and digestive and reproductive systems

stilmulant

nicotine is an example of a ________

how much pronation is normal for gait?

no Consensus in the research

asymptomatic

no visible symptoms

storage fat

nonessential fat stored in tissue near the body's surface and around major body organs

quantitative

numerical, data collected, equipment necessary, focus on forces (stress on shoulder during baseball pitch)

Central nervous system

o Brain and spinal cord (S.C.) o Primary functions ♣ Control systems of the body o Primary component - neuron o Responds to acute challenges of the body o Important consideration in: ♣ Disease conditions (e.g., cerebral palsy, M.S., etc.) ♣ Sport performance (e.g., controlling movement)

hypothenar eminence

opponens digiti minimi abductor digiti minimi flexor digiti minimi brevis

thenar eminence

opponens pollicis abductor pollicis brevis flexor pollicis brevis adductor pollicis

Opponens Pollicis

opposition of the thumb at the carpometacarpal joint.

Angular motion

or rotary motion occurs when an object acting as a radius moves about a fixed point

female athlete triad

osteoporosis, disordered eating, amennorhea

hill

oxygen consumption in muscle

aerobic

oxygen required

Tenodesis is what type of insufficiency

passive insufficiency

peak bone mass is reached at this age

center of gravity

perfect balance point 3- axis influences stability

Definition and example of a uniaxial joint

permits movement in only one plane about one axis. Example: elbow joint

dorsi flexion

peroneus tertius, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, tibialis anterior

Soleus

plantar flex the ankle.

(LLM) Posteriorly

plantar flexors triceps surae

lamina

plates extend post/med from pedicle

What helps throacic inlet syndrome

posture strengthen

metastasis

process by which cancer spreads from one area to different areas of the body

Pronator Teres

pronate the forearm.

Mass

quantity of matter an object contains

Moment of inertia (the angular equivalent of mass)

quantity of the rotating mass and its distribution around the axis of rotation

Temporalis does what

raises eyebrows

Parallel muscles have the ability to produce greater _____ than pennate muscles.

range of motion

Angular acceleration

rate of change of angular velocity over time. In SI units, it is measured in radians per second squared (rad/s2), and is usually denoted by the Greek letter alpha (α)

coefficient of friction

ratio of force needed to slide an object in relation to its weight

Forcable expiration

rectus abdominus ext. oblique int. oblique

bipennate

rectus femoris, gastrocnemius, infraspinatus

knee extension

rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius

Angular motion

referred to as rotary motion or rotation, is movement around a central imaginary line known as the axis of rotation

Speed

related to distance , tells us how fast an object is moving

Variability of practice

repeatedly practicing the same motor skill has been shown to impede practice performance but enhance learning of the skill

interia

resistance to a change in motion

scapular adduction

rhomboids

Lever

rigid bar that can rotate about about a fixed point when a force is applied to overcome a resistance

lever

rigid structures that can rotate about a fixed point when a force is applied

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor

rock and tilt the head back into extension.

Oblique Capitis Superior

rock and tilt the head back into extension. laterally flex the head to the same side.

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major

rock and tilt the head back into extension. rotate the head to the same side.

Location of the PCL

runs from just posterior to the intercondylar eminence of the tibia to the anterior portion of the medial surface of the medial condyle of the femur

Location of the LCL

runs from the lateral condyle of the femur to the head of the fibula

Location of the MCL

runs from the medial condyle of the femur to the medial condyle of the tibia with some deep fibers attaching to the medial meniscus

What plane is flexion of the glenohumeral joint?

sagittal

Distance

scalar quantity

annulus fibrosus

series of fibro elastic cartilaginous rings

scapular abduction

serratus anterior, pectoralis minor

diaphysis

shaft of bone

compression

shortening/widening bone, muscles, gravity

concentric muscle actions

shorting

MDMA

similar to meth and has hallucinogenic effects

rohypnol

similiar to valium but more potent- date-rape drug

type 1 muscle fibers

slow, oxidative slow twitch first recruited, last released fatigue slowly due to blood flow and ability to deliver oxygen

Spinal column abdominal muscles

some sections linked by fascia & tendinous bands do not attach from bone to bone

T3 is at the level of what?

spine of scapula

What are the essential characteristics for getting up out of bed?

stability of COM adapt to environment momentum for vertical lift

What are the shared characteristics between getting out of bed and sit to stand?

stability of COM adapt to environment momentum for vertical lift

flat bones

sternum, scapula

How Golgi tendon organs operate and why.

stretch sends signal to CNS that cause muscle to relax, provides information about muscle tension

pnf

stretching that requires a partner to give resistance

gait analysis

study of human motion, using the eye and the brain of observers, augmented by instrumentation for measuring body movements, body mechanics, and the activity of the muscles

internal rotation at GH joint

subscapularis, deltoid, teres major, pectoralis major

Buccinator

suck on a straw. blow a trumpet.

Walking-Heel-strike occurs when landing on heel, foot should be

supination

What pattern do clinicians use to reteach bed mobility for neurological patients?

supine->side-lying->push up into sit->stand

abduction at GH joint

supraspinatus, deltoid

What is the origin of the serratus anterior?

surfaces of the upper 9 ribs at the side of the chest

The most common strategy for supine to stand is?

symmetrical trunk and symmetrical squat

fatal STDs

syphilis, AIDS, HIV

avoid date rape

teach consent or cover people in blankets so people can concentrate and not get distracted by knees

Max hip extension is achieved during?

terminal stance

Center of gravity

the "balance point" of the body; the center of mass; the intersection of the three cardinal planes

muscular endurance

the ability of a muscle to contract repeatedly over an extended period of time

muscular fitness

the ability of a muscle to contract with maximal force

Body Composition

the amount of fat and lean tissue in your body

lever arms

the distance from the fulcrum at which force is applied

1st class lever

the fulcrum is located between the effort and resistance. muscle works in the same direction of the resistance

Hip flexion during PreSwing is by the action of?

the iliopsoas

The trade off between long lever length to impart greater linear velocity (e.g., using a longer bat to strike a thrown ball) and short lever length that will require less effort force (and, therefore, allow for greater angular velocity).

the longer the radius the greater the linear velocity of a point at the end of the radius, longer lever the more effort it takes to swing it. Therefore the optimum lever length depends on the ability to maintain angular velocity

weight

the measurement of the pull of gravity on an object

weight cycling

the pattern of repeatedly losing and gaining weight, from illness or dieting

Resistive moment arm (lever)

the perpendicular distance between the fulcrum and line of resistance force of the effort

torque

the product of force and perpendicular distance ; measure of how much a force acting on an object causes that object to rotate *N x m

Angular momentum

the quantity of angular motion a lever possess, equal to the product of the moment of inertia and the angular velocity

coefficient of restitution

the square roots of rebound height divided by its drop height

stability

the strength to stand or endure; firmness

kinetics

the study of forces acting on mechanisms

Torque

the turning effect of an eccentric force

Prehabilitation

therapy following an injury but preceding surgery

chlamydia and gonorrhea

these diseases can lead to Pelvis Inflammatory Disease

__F__R__ A

third class lever example: elbow flexion advantage: speed and distance

What nerves make up the Sciatic nerve?

tibial and common peroneal

Platysma

tighten fascia of the neck. (swamp monster)

bulimia

tooth erosion, cavities, abdominal bloating

systolic

top number- when heart is forcing blood through arteries

Where does the tubercle articulate?

transverse process

scapular elevation

trapezius / levator scapula

extension at elbow

triceps brachii, anconeus

coaching at the elite level of college sport comes with extreme pressure to win and continue winning throughout entire career

true

if you work in the commercial setting of sport as a sport instructor, you could have an office at a facility or could work out of the back of your car

true

in sport psychology terms, it is important to have mental practice and not simply physical practice because mental practice can help you think productivity and focus your attention on positive energizing thoughts instead of worry and distractions

true

studies have shown teams playing at home sites win more often than those playing at away sites

true

we can enhance the sport and exercise experience for children by making practices both challenging and enjoyable

true

aristotle

tutor for alexander the great stressed biology proposed finate, spherical universe

Children with less ability

types of students discriminated against

36 weeks

typical pregnancy

During the lift to reach arm pattern with rolling, which is not initiating movement?

unilateral leg lift

External Oblique

unilaterally: laterally flex vertebral column to the same side. rotate vertebral column to the opposite side. bilaterally: flex the vertebral column. compress the abdominal contents.

Scalenes anterior-middle-posterior

unilaterally: ribs fixed, laterally flex the head and neck to the same side. rotate head and neck to the opposite side. bilaterally: elevate the ribs during inhalation. flex the head and neck (anterior).

mobility

unstable but moble

Displacement

vector quantity

irregular bones

vertebra, sphenoid

Parts of the vertebrae

vertebral body post. arch IVF pedicles lamina spinour process transverse process

radius

what bone does the annular ligament wrap around

closed chain

when both ends ofthe chain are fixed

open chain

when one end of the chain is completly free ot move

linear force

when two or more forces are acting along the same line

During Phase 1: (weight shift/flexion momentum) of sit to stand, COM is located?

within the BOS

Most mobile parts of thorax

xiphoid process inf/ant borders of ribs

Shear

•Accessory Motion Forces-Joint Mobilization force occurs parallel to the joint and is a gliding motion of the joint.

Bending

•Bending compresses one side and puts traction on the other side.

Blood collection

♣ General equipment • Needles, syringes, and collection tubes ♣ Common blood measures • Blood lipids, glucose, lactic acid, hormones

Compression

----->) (<----

ligamentum nuchae

-cervical region - strong ligament band extending from 7th cervical vertebrae to skull

vertebrae body

-thin outer sheet of compact cortical bone -resists compression -poor at resisting tension -cancellous bone -less dense -resists vertical stress -poor at resisting compression

What is the recommended amount of time students should engage in physical education classes per week

...

What is the approximate ROM needed at the knee to go from floor to stand using symmetrical squat

0-130º knee flexion

atlas

1 cervical vertibrae no body circular Ant. arch has tubercle post. arch has tubercle Sup. facets=large/oval/upwards Inf. facets= circular transverse process=large

IP Joint

1 degree of freedom

Pump handle movement at what ribs

1-6

True ribs

1-7

Give 2 examples of angular motion

1. Bending the elbow 2. A football going through the goal posts

List the order of the heart nerves from stimulation to ventricular contraction

1. SA node 2. Left and right atria 3. AV node 4. bundle of His 5. Purkinje Fibers 6. Myocardium of the ventricles and papillary muscles

Give 2 examples of linear motion

1. Sledding down a hill 2. A skateboard moving forward

List the muscles of the anterior compartment of the lower leg

1. Tibialis anterior 2. Extensor digitorum longus 3. Extensor hallicus longus 4. Peroneus tertius

List the muscles of the deep posterior compartment of the lower leg

1. Tibialis posterior 2. Flexor digitorum longus 3. Flexor hallicus longus

Doing a bicep curl (elbow flexion) with a weight is an example of what types of movement/ activities?

1.Concentric contraction 2. isotonic contraction 3. open chain activity 4. agonistic movement of the biceps

3 curves is able to resist compression compared to no curves by a factor of what?

10 R=N^2+1

Ratio of GH motion to Scapulothoracic

2:1

When a patient is able to hold the test position against gravity but tolerate no additional pressure in a MMT what grade are they performing?

Q angle measurement

3 Parts Involved: anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), center of the patella, tibial tubercle Formed from a line drawn from the ASIS to the center of the kneecap, and from the center of the kneecap to the tibial tubercle. Measure that angle and subtract 180 degrees and that's your Q angle.

When a patient completes full range of motion against gravity and withstands slight pressure what are they performing?

What ribs articulate with the body of the sternum

3-7

During Initial Contact how many degrees of Hip Flexion

During Terminal Swing how many degrees of Hip Flexion

palmar interossei

3; adduct 2nd, 4th and 5th phalanges

What type of lever does the humerus form when the pec major and lats muscles are adducting the arm during an adduction exercise on a crossover machine?

3rd class lever

How many natural curvatures

Insertion of Extensor digitorum

4 tendons to bases of middle and distal phalanxes of 4 fingers on dorsal surface

Which ribs attach to Costal cartilage

8-12

There are ______ bones in the axial skeleton and ______ bones in the appendicular skeleton.

80, 126

liver

90% of alcohol is eliminated through the _________

Traction

<----) (---->

Delmas index

=(height of spinal cord x 100)/Length of full length average 94 <94 more prone to premature death >96 had health problems

What is the Capsular pattern on the Hip Joint

=IR>EXT>ABD>FLEX>ER

angle of trunk rotation for surgery

>50 degrees

Force

A push or a pull acting on a body, .... mass x acceleration

force

A push or pull exerted on an object.

vector quantity

A quantity that has both a magnitude and direction.

scalar quantity

A quantity that has only magnitude

Springy end feel

A rebound is felt at the end of the ROM

syndesmosis

A slightly movable joint in which the tibia and fibula are joined together by a connective tissue at the ankle

Illiocostalis

A: Extension, rotation, lateral flexion

Spinalis

A: Extension, rotation, lateral flexion

Rectus abdominus

A: Flexes Trunk

Quadratus Lumborum

A: Flexes trunk laterally

Squatting

A: stable D: easier to reach; stand up faster

Sitting

A: stable and mobility D: limits mobility; cant walk around

Internal Obliques

A; Compresses abdomen External downward fiber direction

Gluteus Minimus

ABduct the hip. medially rotate the hip. flex the hip.

Supraspinatus

ABduct the shoulder. stabilize the head of humerus in glenoid cavity.

Rhomboids

ADduct the scapula. elevate the scapula. downwardly rotate the scapula.

Adductor Pollicis

ADduct the thumb.

Define the following amputations

AE: above elbow AK: above knee BE: below elbow BK: below knee

How can an OT identify the level of SCI, the location of the lesion on the spinal cord?

ASIA

breakdown of CP glucose fat and protein all produce?

ATP

metabolic syndrome

Abdominal obesity

Compartment 1

Abductor Pollicis Longus Ext Pollicis Brevis

Extrinsic Muscles of Hand - Lateral

Abductor Pollicis Longus Extensor Pollicis Longus Extensor Pollicis Brevis

Adductor Longus

Action: Adduction Exercises: Adduction against resistance

Adductor Magnus

Action: Adduction Exercises: Adduction against resistance

Gracilis

Action: Adduction, Internal rotation Exercises: Adduction against resistance w/ extended knee

Rectus Femoris

Action: Hip flexion Exercises: Leg raises (from dip or parallel bars).

Semimembranosus

Actions: Hip extension, Internal rotation Exercises: Knee flexion against resistance - Leg curls (emphasize with internal rotation

Semitendinosus

Actions: Hip extension, Internal rotation Exercises: Knee flexion against resistance - Leg curls (emphasize with internal rotation

The muscles that perform radioulnar supination include all of the following except: Brachioradialis Biceps brachii Supinator Actually all perform supination

Actually all perform supination

An action common to the subscapularis, pec major, and latissimus dorsi is_______? Adduction Horizontal abduction External rotation Flexion

Adduction

Clinical exercise physiologist

Administer cardiopulmonary exercise tests in hospital exercise testing laboratories, administer fitness testing, and implement and deliver cardiovascular conditioning programs for individuals who are apparently disease free

The prime mover is best described as:

Agonist

Inspiration

Air into lungs Chest expands Postive pressure outside--> negative pressure inside

Glide

Aka "slide" linear movement of a joint surface parallel to the plane of the adjoining joint surface

Which of the following exercises will target the lats? Rowing exercises Adduction exercises in a crossover machine Internal rotation exercises in a crossover machine Stand-up paddle boarding All of the above

All of the above

Define a dynamic splint and name 2 purposes for a dynamic splint

Allows you to move affected joint or joints across a plane. -Substitutes for loss of motor function -Allows for movements of joints -Allows for adjustments and ROM

What is ASIA

American Spinal Injury Association A = Complete: No motor or sensory function is preserved in the sacral segments S4-S5. B = Incomplete: Sensory but not motor function is preserved below the neurological level and includes the sacral segments S4-S5. C = Incomplete: Motor function is preserved below the neurological level, and more than half of key muscles below the neurological level have a muscle grade less than 3. D = Incomplete: Motor function is preserved below the neurological level, and at least half of key muscles below the neurological level have a muscle grade of 3 or more. E = Normal: motor and sensory function are normal.

Anatomic Reference Position

An erect standing position with the feet slightly separated, the arms hanging relaxed at the sides, and the palms of the hands facing forward.

Describe osteomyelitis

An infection of the bone

bankhart lesion

An injury of the anterior (inferior) glenoid labrum of the shoulder due to anterior shoulder dislocation (IGHL)

Why do medical professionals care about the amount of visceral fat a person has?

Because it is strongly linked with metabolic diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular disease

An antagonist to the pronator teres muscle is the ________ Biceps Brachii Pronator quadratus Brachialis Triceps brachii All of the above

Biceps brachii

Cervical plexus

C1-C5

Open chain, closed chain or both: Bike

Closed

Open chain, closed chain or both: Push up

Closed

Open chain, closed chain or both: Squat

Closed

For athletes who get sugar "lows" meaning they feel tired and sleepy an hour after eating sugary foods, what does Nancy Clark recommend in chapter 6?

Combine sugary foods with protein or fat

At what level of coaching might jobs be most plentiful

Commercial sports

Standard reference terminology

Common and specific terminology that precisely identifies body positions and movement direction

Early Childhood and Later childhood

Common fundamental movement patterns during childhood involve walking, running, jumping, throwing

How many communications skills and problem solving skills aid in being successful

Communicate effectively, write well, use new technologies.

How would you design a study that answer the question of whether dietary fat causes heart disease?

Conduct a study to see if dietary fats cause heart disease by seeing if eating dietary fats raise cholesterol in the blood. If they eat a lot of fatty food they should have an increase in weight and should also have an increase in cholesterol and hypertension since those lead to heart disease

A rounded, knuckle like projection is?

Condyle

exercise affect memory

Considerable interest in the role of regular physical activity and exercise in psychological function o Principle interest area has been in the role of cardiovascular fitness and aerobic fitness on various markers of cognitive function ♣ Memory, attention, reaction time, crystalized and fluid intelligence

Define isometric contraction:

Contraction without movement. resistance stays the same.

What is the Critical Event of Terminal Stance

Controlled DF and trailing limb

What is the Critical Event during MidStance at the ankle?

Controlled tibial advancement

Concave/convex law

Convex joints will move in the opposite direction of the body segment. A concave joint surface will move in the same direction as the body segment

Cerebellum

Coordinates all movement in body so you dont fall over

Insertion of Transverse abdominis

Crest of the pubis and the iliopectineal line, abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba

What is another name for linear motion if it moves in a curved line?

Curvilinear motion

The difference between the type of motion experienced by any point on a rotating radius (curvilinear) and the motion of the entire radius (angular).

Curvilinear motion- object moves in a curved pathway Angular motion - object acting as a radius moves about a fixed point , measured as an angle

Early influence on motor control and learning

Daily observation of babies and their changes in reflexes, movements, and feeding behaviors o Recent influences on motor development ♣ Shift from developmental psychology and the understanding of maturation to a physical education emphasis on how to improve children's motor behavior

Splenius cervicis location

Deep to splenius capitis

Splenius capitis location

Deep to trapezius & rhomboids

Suboccipitals location

Deepest muscles of neck

Title IX

Defends women's rights in sports

Moving to one side and staying to that side

Deflection

What does the low pH in stomach do to aid in digestion?

Denatures proteins activates the enzyme protein

Extensor Hallucis Longus Muscle ll

Dorsiflexion of ankle

Extensor Digitorum Longus Muscle ll

Dorsiflexion of ankle Eversion of foot

usually very involved in campus life

E) small four year university coach

Common Extensor Tendon attachments

EC ECU ECRB EDM

Compartment 6

ECU

Compartment 4

EDC, EI

Compartment 5

EDM

Compartment 3

EPL

What GH joint motion to prevent impingment

Elastic cartilage can be found in the _____

Ears, nose

Quadriceps perform what type of contraction during the Loading Response

Eccentric contraction

Name 5 of the most frequent reasons for splinting

Edema Injury Contracture Surgery Broken bone/fracture

What are the factors the therapist should consider when establishing a person with a splint wearing schedule?

Edema Pain Overall lifestyle Work/School Home exercise program Redness Cognition

Educate your patient on 3 ways to prevent pressure sores

Education Reposition every 15 min if possible to do themselves Sheep skin padding

Name 3 OT interventions to prevent pressure sores

Education on preventing pressure sores Reposition them every 2 hours Use foam/sheep skin padding

Ability to recoil or relax when a force is removed is known as:

Elasticity

Serratus posterior superior action

Elevate ribs during inhalation

The diaphysis of long bones is lined with a thin layer of _________.

Endosteum

Erector Spinae Muscles

Extension, lateral flexion, & ipsilateral rotation of spine & head

Extrinsic Muscles of Hand - Posterior

Extensor Digitorum Extensor Digiti Minimi Extensor Indici

Which of the following is not an action of the lats? Internal rotation of the glenohumeral joint External rotation of the glenohumeral joint Extension of the glenohumeral joint The Lats perform all of these actions

External rotation

Which of the following is not an action of the pec major? External rotation Adduction Abduction Internal rotation

External rotation

usually work outside of school hours for practices or games

F) middle and high school coaches

Which is the more economical fuel to produce?

Fat or carbs depending on whether oxygen or carbon atoms (weight is more important)

Name the 4 common symptoms with decreased activity tolerance

Fatigue Age SOB-shortness of breath Medication Excessive sweating

Inhalation action

Fibers contract & pull the tendon inferiorly

Intervertebral disks are a type of ____cartilage

Fibrocartilage

The three classes of levers.

First Class Lever- axis is placed between force and resistance, ex.: crowbar, seesaw, scissor Second Class Lever-resistance is between axis and force , ex. wheelbarrow, nutcracker Third Class Lever- force is placed between the axis and resistance , ex. tongs, shoveling, rowing

Semitendinosus (Knee)

Flex knee, Internal rotation of flexed knee Exercises: Leg curls (emphasize with internal rotation), swiss ball leg curls, glute/ham raises

The main two actions of the bicep brachii are what

Flexion and supination

DIP Joints ROM

Flexion, Extension

PIP Joints ROM

Flexion, Extension

MCP Joints ROM

Flexion, Extension, Hyperextension, Adduction, Abduction

Dick

Flexor Digitorum Longus

This tendon/muscle, if ruptured prevents flexion of the 4th digit

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

Extrinsic Muscles of Hand - Anterior

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Flexor Digitorum Profundus Flexor Pollicis Longus

Contents of the Carpal tunnel

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Flexor Digitorum Profundus Flexor Pollicis Longus Median nerve

Harry

Flexor Hallucis Longus

Which kinematic motions contribute to shock absorption in Load Response?

Foot pronation

How the length of the radius affects curvilinear velocity of point on radius vs. angular velocity of radius as a whole (e.g., using a longer bat vs. a spinning skater shortening her radius).

For any given angular velocity, the linear velocity is proportional to the radius. If the radius doubles, the linear velocity does likewise. And for any given linear velocity, the angular velocity is inversely proportional to the radius if the radius doubles, the angular velocity decreases by half.

periprosthetic fracture

Fractures around joint replacement prostheses

Memory drum theory

Franklin M. Henry's theory stated that reaction time was slower for complex movements because those movements took more planning time.

What is the injury to the ulnar test called

Froment's

Identify the plane: Side lunge

Frontal

Explain the plane and axis: Ulnar deviation:

Frontal plane, Sagital axis

Empty end feel

Full ROM/ can not be reached due to pain

Bruce Ogilvie

H) began early work examining personality in athletes at San Jose state university

What muscles are put into passive insufficiency by placing Hip Flexed, Knee Ext

Hamstrings

Athletic trainer

Health care profession that addresses the prevention and risk management, clinical diagnosis, immediate care, treatment, and rehabilitation of injuries and other conditions experienced by athletes and other physically active individuals

What term best describes "differences in health and disease among specific groups in the U.S"?

Health disparity

Temporal lobe

Hearing

What is the Critical Event of Initial Contact?

Heel 1st contact

What is a gait cycle and how long does it last?

Heel strike to (I) Heel strike, 1 sec

Therapeutic recreational specialist

Help people with physical, cognitive, emotional, or behavioral disabilities restore function and reduce or eliminate the effects of disability and develop independence

Environment

Identifies how the individual interacts with the temporal, physical, social, and cultural environments, and their spiritual response to thwir present existence

Occupational performance

Identifies the particular performances, relating them to self-care, work, productivity, and leisure

Occupational role

Identifies the percieved roles held by the individual

Diagnostic testing

Identifies the presence of a disease condition, risk factors for a disease condition, or an existing injury

Forces that act upon, path followed by and factors that affect the flight of a projectile.

If air resistance is ignored, projectile path will be a parabola, constant downward force of gravity

Increase

If you have coxa Varus will you q angle increase or decrease

And and hip extensors are tight Weak- hip flexors and spinal extensors

If you have posterior pelvic tilt , what is tight and what Is weak?

Right pelvic tilt Trunk flexion to the left

If your right leg is shorter than your left leg and you have both feet on the floor, which way will your pelvis tilt? Which way will your trunk flex?

Give an example of the following: crest

Iliac crest of the pelvis

What Prime flexor of the hip causes Anterior Pelvic Rotation

Iliacus

RLA Stance (5)

Initial Contact, Loading Response, Midstance, Terminal Stance, Preswing

When does Max knee flexion occur, how much is necessary for normal gait?

Initial Swing, 60º

Hip extension has peak activity in what phase of gait?

Initial contact/Load response

Popliteus

Initiates knee flexion, Assists w/ Internal rotation of flexed knee Exercises: Knee flexion (w/ knee internal rotation) against resistance

Name 3 causes of edema

Injury Surgery Inflammation

Details about ergonomics

Interaction between humans, the objects they use, and the environments in which they function Used to prevent workplace injuries and improve the capacity to return to work after injury Design equipment and modify work and living conditions for special populations, implement changes to the home, recreational sites and facilities, motor vehicles, schools, clinics, workplace, and other human-built environments

identification of: specific joint classification within category

Irregualar(gliding ), hinge (flex & ext) , pivot (rotation) , condyloid (flex & ext, abd. add.) , saddle (flex & ext, abd. & add., and circumduction) , ball & socket (flex & ext, abd.& add., circumduction, horizontal abd. & add., and rotation.

Explain the phrase "correlation does not mean causality". Give an example.

Just because there is an association between 2 variable doesn't mean that one variable causes the other. Example: There are a lot of murders in the summer. People also eat a lot of ice cream in the summer. These 2 variables are correlated but does not mean that eating ice cream causes murders.

usually coach 1 sport and teach kinesiology classes on same campus

K) community college coach

Name 4 treatment interventions you could do with a complete SCI level C7, with subluxation of the R UE due to weakness in the deltoids. Edema is present in the hand, is in bed most of the time and tolerates short time up in the w/c due to low BP.

Kinesiotape for shoulder subluxation Hand massages Endurance exercises Transfers from wheelchair UE muscle strengthening thera ex.

Define kinetics

Kinetics is movement

Rectus Femoris (Knee)

Knee extension Hip flexion Exercises: Leg extensions, leg press, squats

Vastus Lateralis

Knee extension Exercises: Leg extensions, leg press, squats

Vastus Medialis

Knee extension Exercises:Leg extensions, leg press, squats Vastus Medialis Obliquus (distal oblique fibers) are emphasized during last 10-20° of leg extension

Why is autonomic dysreflexia important to you as a therapist?

Know how to treat a patient with autonomic dysreflexia and take precautions for therapist and patient.

At birth curve

Kyphotic

R Step length is measured by?

L Heelstrike to R heelstrike

employed full time to solely coach

L) major university coach

What are the nerve roots of the sciatic nerve

L4, L5, S1

Sacral

L4-S1

Insertion of Brachioradialis

Lateral surface of the distal end of the radius at the styloid process

iliotibial band

Layer of connective tissue that extends from the iliac crest down the lateral part of the thigh, and provides stability to the knee, and assists with flexion and extension of the knee *Stabilizer when running

What muscle is weak when L lateral trunk lean occurs curing L Stance?

Left Glut Med.

If the pt is doing a lateral lurch to the left where is the weakness

Left Gluteus Medius weakness

What is the most common strategy used by young adult when rolling from supine to prone?

Lift and reach pattern with shoulder initiating movement of head and trunk and unilateral leg lift

In a non axial joint, motion tends to be _____ to other motions

Linear

List 2 types of motion

Linear, angular

Why does excessive alcohol use cause damage to the liver?

Liver is where alcohol is de-toxified

Which subphase of gait is double limb support?

Load response and Initial Contact

golgi tendon organ

Located in tendon at muscle origin and insertion; It detects changes in the belly of the muscle. Sends a signal to the spinal cord and then to the CNS. Message sent back is to RELAX THE MUSCLE. A relaxed muscle decreases the stress on the tendon and prevents injury. *tension

Metacarpals are what type of bones?

Long bones

The trade off between force and speed generation by a lever.

Long resistance arm: speed and range of movement Short resistance arm: force

different spinal conditions

Lordosis, Kyphosis, Scoliosis

Deep Palmar muscles innervated by

Lumbricals (2nd Median), (3rd, 4th Ulnar) PAD - Ulnar DAB - Ulnar Adductor Pollicis - Ulnar

The three aspects of linear force (magnitude, direction and point of application).

Magnitude- amount of size of the force that is being applied Point of Application- the point at which the force is applied to an object Direction- the direction of a force is along its action line

Parts of the sternum

Manubrium body xiphoid process

How much time is required to get a truly accurate measurement of someone's habitual diet?

Many days are preferred but 3-7 days is what most nutritionalists use

Electromyography (EMG)

Measurement and recording of the electric activity of skeletal muscles

What is the purpose of a goniometer

Measures ROM

Goniometer

Measures joint motion

Differences in muscle design

Mechanical loads on the human body: Forces that act upon a body or object include: • Gravity • Other external forces • The muscles

What is the Origin of the Prime Plantar Flexor

Medial and lateral condyles of the femur

Insertion of Vastus Medialis

Medial border of patella and tibial tuberosity

Insertion of Rhomboid major

Medial border of the scapula, below the spine of the scapula

Collateral

Medial/lateral stability to elbow joint

You are treating a patient who is experiencing edema in R UE. Name 4 techniques you will use to manage her edema

Mobilization TED hose Kinesiotape Compression garmets

The strategy of sit to stand where the trunk flexes forward, with momentum, but requires adequate braking of this movement with eccentric control of the hip and spinal extensors is called?

Momentum strategy

Compared to a 6% CHO drink an 11% drink empties from the stomach

More slowly

Joint movement terminology

Movements of bones and joints of the body

pennate muscle

Muscle type where the fibers attach at an oblique angle to a central tendon. Unipennate, bipennate, multipennate are three types of pennate arrangements. These types of muscles generally allow higher force production but smaller range of motion. When a muscle contracts and shortens, the pennation angle increases.

Pectoralis Minor

O: 3-5th Ribs I: Coracoid Process of Scapula A:Depresses Scapula, Abduction, downward rotation N:Pectoral

Deltoid

O: Acromion and spine of scapula I: deltoid tuberosity A: abduction, flexion, extension N: Axillary

Scalenus Posterior

O: Cervical Vertebrae I: 1st Rib

Levator Scapulae

O: Cervical vertebrae I: scapula A: Elevation of scapula N: Dorsal Scapula

Coracobrachialis

O: Coracoid process I: Shaft of humerus A: Flexes and adducts arm N: Musculocutaneous

Pronator Teres

O: Coronoid process of ulna I: radius A: Pronates, and flexes forearm N: Median

Teres Major

O: Inferior angle I: Intertubercular sulcus A: extends arm, adduction, medial rotation N; subscapular

External Intercostals

O: Inferior margin of rib I: Superior margin of rib below A: Elevates ribs on inspiration

Infraspinatus

O: Infraspinous fossa I: Greater tubercle A: adducts arm N: suprascapular

Trapezius

O: Occipital bone, cervical and thoracic vertebrae I: Acromion and spine of scapula A: Elevation of clavicle, adduction, upward rotation, elevation and depression of scapula

Serratus Anterior

O: Ribs I:medial border of scapula A: upward rotation, abduction, elevation N: thoracic

Scalene

O: TP of lower C-spine I: ant. inner border of 1st or 2nd rib Innervation: Ventral rootlets of C5-T1 Blood: Subclavian A&V pass btw scalenes *thoracic inlet syndrome

Latissimus Dorsi

O: Thoracic, lumbar vertebrae I: Intertubercular sulcus A: extension, adduction of arm N: thoracodorsal

Pronator Quadratus

O: Ulna I: Radius Pronates forearm N; median nerve

Biceps Brachii

O: coracoid process I: Radial tuberosity A. flexion and supination of forarm, flexion of arm N: musculocutaneous

Teres Minor

O: inferior border of scapula I: greater tubercle A: extension, adduction, medial rotation N: Axillary

Internal Intercostals

O: inferior margin of rib I: superior margin of rib A: lowers ribs on expiration

Supraspinatus

O: supraspinous fossa I: greater tubercle A: abduction of arm N: suprascapular

Rhomboid

O: thoracic vertebrae I: scapula A: adduction N: scapular nerve

Brachioradialis

O; Humerus I: Radius A: Flexes forearm N: Radial nerve

Curvilinear motion

Object moves linearly, but in a curved pathway... moves along circumference of a circle.

force couple

Occurs when 2 forces act in an equal but opposite direction ex. Scapula

What is a pressure sore

Occurs when too much pressure is applied to a spot on the body for too long. The nutrients and blood stop flowing to the area causing a pressure sore.

Insertion of Tricep Brachii long head

Olecrannon process of the ulna

Coracobrachialis

Origin - Insertion - Movements - flexion, adduction, horizontal adduction Anterior

Subclavius

Origin - 1st rib Insertion - inferior mid clavicle Movements - stabilization of sternoclavicular joint, abduction (protraction), depression

Pectoralis minor

Origin - 3rd-5th ribs Insertion - coracoid process Movements - abduction (protraction), downward rotation, depression

Levator scapula

Origin - C1-C4 Insertion - superior angle of scapula Movements - elevation

Latissimus dorsi

Origin - T6-T12, L1-L5, sacrum, ilium Insertion - intertubercular groove Movements - internal rotation, extension, adduction, horizontal abduction Extrinsic/ posterior muscle

Deltoid

Origin - anterior lateral clavicle, acromion process, scapular spine Insertion - deltoid tuberosity Movements - abduction, horizontal adduction, horizontal abduction, flexion, extension, internal rotation, external rotation Superior

Trapezius

Origin - base of skull, 7th cervical vertebra (C7), all thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12) Insertion - lateral portion of clavicle, scapular spine, and acromion process Movements - elevation, upward rotation, adduction (retraction), depression

Biceps brachii

Origin - coracoid process and supraglenoid tubercle Insertion - radial tuberosity Action - flexion, supination

Brachialis

Origin - distal anterior humerus Insertion - coronoid process Action - flexion *deep to biceps brachii

Pronator quadratus

Origin - distal anterior ulna Insertion - distal anterior radius Action - pronation

Internal oblique abdominal

Origin - iliac crest Insertion - costal cartilage of ribs 8-10, linea alba Action - lumbar flexion, lateral lumbar flexion, and lumbar rotation

Transversus abdominis

Origin - iliac crest, costal cartilage of ribs 7-12 Insertion - pubic crest, linea alba Action - forced expiration

Teres major

Origin - inferior lateral border of scapula Insertion - intertubercular groove Movements - internal rotation, adduction, extension Posterior

Triceps brachii

Origin - infraglenoid tubercle, proximal and distal posterior humerus Insertion - olecranon process Action - extension, (long head also does shoulder extension, adduction and horizontal abduction)

Infraspinatus

Origin - infraspinatus fossa, posterior surface of scapula Insertion - posterior greater tubercle of humerus Movements - horizontal abduction, external rotation, extension, stabilization of humeral head Posterior

Teres minor

Origin - lateral border of scapula Insertion - posterior greater tubercle of humerus Movements - external rotation, horizontal abduction, extension, stabilization of humeral head Posterior

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Origin - lateral epicondyle Insertion - base of 3rd metacarpal Action - extension, abduction

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Origin - lateral epicondyle/ supracondylar ridge Insertion - base of 2nd metacarpal Action - extension, abduction

Brachioradialis

Origin - lateral supracondylar ridge (humerus) Insertion - styloid process of radius Action - flexion, pronation, supination

Sternocleidomastoid

Origin - manubrium of the sternum, anterior superior aspect of medial clavicle Insertion - mastoid process Action - cervical flexion, lateral cervical flexion, cervical rotation

Pectoralis major

Origin - medial clavicle, sternum Insertion - inferior to intertubercular groove Movements - horizontal adduction, adduction, internal rotation, flexion Extrinsic/ anterior muscle

Flexor carpi radialis

Origin - medial epicondyle Insertion - base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal on anterior side Action - flexion, abduction

Palmaris longus

Origin - medial epicondyle Insertion - palmaris aponeurosis, 2nd-5th metacarpal Action - flexion

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Origin - medial epicondyle, posterior proximal ulna Insertion - pisiform, hamate, base of 5th metacarpal Action - flexion, adduction

Erector spinae muscles (sacrospinalis)

Origin - medial iliac crest, sacral aponeurosis, transverse process of vertebrae Insertion - ribs or transverse process of superior vertebrae Action - cervical extension, lumbar extension, cervical lateral flexion, lumbar lateral flexion

Pronator teres

Origin - medial supracondylar ridge, medial proximal ulna Insertion - mid lateral radius Action - pronation

Anconeus

Origin - posterior lateral condyle Insertion - olecranon process and proximal posterior ulna Action - extension

Rectus abdominis

Origin - pubic crest Insertion - costal cartilage of ribs 5-7, xiphoid process Action - lumbar flexion, lumbar lateral flexion

Subscapularis

Origin - subscapular fossa Insertion - lesser tubercle of humerus (anterior) Movements - internal rotation, adduction, extension, stabilization of humeral head Anterior

Supraspinatus

Origin - supraspinous fossa Insertion - greater tubercle of humerus Movements - abduction, stabilization of humeral head Superior

Serratus anterior

Origin - upper 9 ribs Insertion - medial border of scapula Movements - abduction (protraction) and upward rotation

Popliteus

Origin: Lateral femoral condyle Insertion: Posteromedial surface of proximal tibia Action: Knee flexion, knee internal rotation

Vastus medialis

Origin: Medial condyloid ridge and linea aspera Insertion: Superomedial border of patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon Action: Knee extension

Rectus femoris

Origin: anterior inferior iliac spine Insertion: onto the superior pole of the patella and then to the tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon Action: hip flexion and knee extension

Vastus intermedius

Origin: anterior surface of femur Insertion: Superior pole (patella) and tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon Action: Knee extension

Vastus lateralis

Origin: intertrochanter groove, also the linea aspera in the posterior side Insertion: superolateral patella and tibial tuberosity by patellar tendon Action: extension

Semimembranosus

Origin: ischial tuberosity Insertion: (proximal) posteromedial of medial tibial condyle Action: Knee flexion, hip extension, hip internal rotation, knee internal rotation

Biceps femoris

Origin: ischial tuberosity Insertion: Lateral tibial condyle, fibular head Action: Knee flexion, hip extension, hip external rotation, knee external rotation

Semitendinosus

Origin: ischial tuberosity Insertion: anteromedial (proximal) tibia Action: Knee flexion, hip extension, hip internal rotation, knee internal rotation

cortical bone

Outer shell Found in all bone but proportions vary depending on function. Exceptionally strong Forms cortex bone 80% of skeletal mass Has predominance of mineral salts The less porous the cortical bone is, the more advantageous it is surrounded by cancellous bone stiffer than cancellous bone

Peripheral nervous system

Outside brain and S.C.

The Extensor Digitorum Longus can be put into passive insufficiency by these motions

PF, Digit Flexion

State 4 contraindications for NOT taking blood pressure on an arm

PICC line Lymphedema DVT (deep vain thrombosis) Masectomy

What is the difference btw a prime mover and assister?

PM are in a position that is most effective for the movement Assister: help n stabalize but not efficient

State what the abbreviations stand for

PROM-passive range of motion AROM-active range of motion AAROM-active assist range of motion

Common Flexor Tendon attachments

PT PL FCR FCU FDS

...

Page 21 and 22 , 23,24Hip???????

What causes knee flexion during PreSwing?

Passive force of the GRF falling behind the knee

identification of: force for movement (i.e., muscular or gravity)

Passive movement - require no effort on the part of the person involved (e.g., stretching by a therapist, motion due to momentum or gravity) Active movement - produced by the person's muscular activity ( Volitional- voluntary, goal oriented; Reflex - occur w/o conscious intent )

Give 2 examples of parallel muscles

Pectorals major, rhomboids

From above you can best observe _______ in gait?

Pelvic rotation

Why is it difficult to accurately measure habitual diet?

People often change their eating habits when being measured

Definition and example of a biaxial joint

Permits movement in two planes, about two axes. Example: wrist joint

Describe the 4 phases of rehab following an amputation; give one example of intervention for each phases.

Phase 1: usually seen within 24 hours-the basics; proper positioning to avoid edema and contractures. Phase 2: pre-prosthetic training. Strengthening UE/LE Phase 3: intermediate prothesis training-Tx-transfers Phase 4: advanced prothesis training: increased speed of ambulation

Your patient had a THR and is restricted from flexing past 90º. he would have most trouble during which phases of sit to stand?

Phase 1: weight shift/flexion momentum Phase 2: Momentum transfer/initial lift

You have a patient whose knee is in an immobilizer, what phase or phases of sit to stand will be most challenging?

Phase 2: Momentum transfer/initial lift

The critical transition phase where the body is changing from moving horizontal to moving upward is?

Phase 2: momentum transfer/initial lift

Rotation of the cervical spine is an example of a ____joint

Pivot joint

Soleus Muscle ll

Plantar flexion of ankle

Flexor Digitorum Longus Muscle ll

Plantar flexion of ankle inversion of foot

Flexor Hallucis Longus Muscle ll

Plantar flexion of ankle inversion of foot

Tibialis Posterior Muscle ll

Plantar flexion of ankle inversion of foot

Gastrocnemius Muscle ll

Plantar flexion of ankle and knee

Respiratory control centers of brain

Pons and medulla

Physical therapist

Provide rehabilitative care to diverse patient population with a wide range of injuries, illnesses, and diseases

Adaptive Physical Ed. Teacher

Provide skill instruction and exercise that has been modified so that all students can participate

Marketing management

Provides a burgeoning career opportunity for qualified students

tension

Pulls/stretches bone, lengthening/narrowing, pulls tendon

responsibilities of community coach

R) find practice facility, transport equipment, keep records

force velocity

Rate of change of muscle length is related to muscle's maximal force potential Velocity of concentric contraction and force are inversely related, the faster the movement, the lower the force Velocity of shortening is greatest when the external load is 0, and as load increases the muscle shortens slower

Name 4 elements/variations when documenting the initial assessment of pain

Rate pain 1-10 Pain location Duration of pain Pain onset

Types of research that would fall under the biomechanics umbrella

Regional Differences in Muscle Activation During Hamstring Exercise Muscle and intensity Based Hamstring Exercise classification Cutting Mechanics Relation to Performance and anterior cruciate ligament injury risk Learning Hang Power Clean: Kinetic, Kinematic, and technical changes in four weightlifting naïve athletes A biomechanics comparison of the long snap in football between high school and college.

Exhalation action

Release the central tendon and allow lungs to deflate

What is a prosthesis

Replaces a missing limb (i.e. leg, hand, arm)

What is the primary purpose of breaking down liver glycogen during exercise?

Replacing blood glucose that is being used by the muscle

Seated row will be most effective at strengthening what muscle duo? Rhomboids/biceps brachii Pec major/triceps Lats/triceps Ant Deltoid/Biceps brachii

Rhomboids/biceps brachii

List 3 types of arthrokinematic motions

Roll Glide Spin

External oblique action

Rotates vertebra to opposite side

Internal obliques action

Rotates vertebra to same side

Condylar disc jt motion

Rotation

Torque (the angular equivalent of force)

Rotational force. Equal to the product of applied force and the perpendicular distance from force's line of action to axis of rotation (i.e., the moment arm).

Duties of a sports administrator

Running the organization

Accessory muscles

SCM Ant/Mid/Post scalenes Inf. serratus anterior Lats Serratus Post. Sup. Sup. iliocoastalis contribute 3% to inspiration

The SEE principle.

Safety- avoid doing harm to the body effectiveness- set goals for effective performance efficiency-achieve the movement goal with the least amount of effort

Identify the plane: Forward lunge

Sagital

Identify the plane: Walking

Sagital

Explain the plane and axis: Knee flexion

Sagital plane, frontal axis

What plane does the elbow joint move on?

Sagittal

identification of: movement plane

Sagittal Plane (L&R halves) Frontal Plane ( Anterior & Posterior halves) Transverse Plane ( Upper & Lower halves)

identification of: observed joint action

Sagittal Plane - Flexion the angle at joint diminishes, Extension the return from flexion, Hyper-flex & ext, Protraction, Retraction, Anterior Tilt, Plantar & Dorsi-flexion Frontal Plane- Abd- & Add-uction, Hyper-Abd & Add, Lateral Flexion Transverse Plane- Int/Ext Rotation, L/R rotation, Horizontal Abd/Add-uction

Isotonic

Same tension throughout movement

Muscles that assist in flexion

Scalenes Ant, mid, post

If pt has difficulty reaching into closet due to lack of scapula abduction movements; which one of the muscles might be weak?

Serratus anterior

Which muscle is innervated by the long thoracic nerve?

Serratus anterior

Name the 4 main muscles that are used for stabilization and rotation of the scapula

Serratus anterior Levator scap Rhomboids Traps

Outpatient facility

Short term care facility where patients do not stay overnight

Which muscle eccentrically controls knee flexion in load response?

Single joint Quadriceps

Lateral cutaneous

Skin on the lateral side of thigh

SCALP

Skin, Connective Tissue, Aponeurosis, Loose Tissue (Adipose), Periosteum

force-time relationship

Slower contraction leads to greater force production because time is allowed for tension produced by contractile elements to be transmitted through elastic components to tendon

Spinalis

Smallest of 3 muscles & lies closest to spine

What does the sense of olfactory detect

Smell

Origin of Rhomboid major

Spinous processes of the 7th cervical and first 5 thoracic vertebrae

The gait cycle consists of?

Stance Swing 1 complete stride 2 steps right and left

muscle spindle

Stretch receptors distributed throughout the belly of skeletal muscle: send information to the nervous system about muscle length and rate of change of its length. *stretch

anatomy

Structure of the body, focus on the structure.

Motor development

Study of alterations in motor behavior that result from the maturation of the individual

Motor learning

Study of how individuals learn skilled movements from practice or experience

Define kinesiology

Study of movement that utilizes the principles of mechanics, anatomy, and neuromuscular physiology

Motor control

Study of the neurologic, physiologic, and behavioral aspects of movement

Insertion of Rectus femoris

Superior aspect of patella, tibial tuberosity

Borders and contents of the femoral triangle

Superior: Inguinal Ligament Inferior: Iliopsoas Medial: Pectineus Lateral: Sartorius Contents 1. Femoral Artery, Nerve, Vein

Name 2 therapeutic treatment ideas for a treatment session with a pt who had a TKA 2 days ago

TKA-total knee arthroplasty Strengthening affected leg and properly caring for cast or brace.

Pedagogy

The art, science, or profession of teaching. Teaching behaviors and producing learning in students

Anatomic Reference axes

The use of three reference axes for describing the rotation of the human body: mediolateral, anteroposterior, and longitudinal.

How to draw a force vector and how to resolve it into horizontal and vertical components.

The vector line represents the force, and the arrowhead indicates the direction of the force application , relative size of these component vectors depends on the angle at which the force is applied

Describe osteoporosis

The weakening of bone due to calcium loss

In Chapter 5 Nancy Clark: "Energy bars have no magical ingredients". What good are they according to Nancy Clark?

They are a convenient source of energy

What happens to water-soluble nutrients after absorption by the intestine

They go to the heart and then are distributed to the rest of the body

What is the purpose of the muscles of the rotator cuff?

They prevent the entire upper extremity from following the object being thrown by keeping the humeral head in the glenoid fossa.

The muscle which eccentrically controls PF during load response is?

Tibialis Anterior

What muscles are innervated by the Deep Peroneal nerve

Tibialis Anterior, Extensor Hallicis Longus, Extensor Digitorum Longus, Peroneus Tertius

Muscle keeper of the arch of the foot

Tibialis Posterior

Tom

Tibialis Posterior

What is the Origin of the muscle that is Prime Extensor of the Toes

Tibialis Posterior O: Tibia, Fibula, Interosseous membrane

name 2 methods for pressure relief that you teach a patient who uses a manual w/c and is nonambulatory

Tilting w/c, moving side to side Use arm rests to lift body and relieve pressure

Name 3 pinch strength tests that you use a pinch gage with

Tip, key, palmer

Extension

To extend away from the joint

Sport management

To provide services, facilities, and other amenities, to make physical activity experiences-performance as well as spectatorship as enjoyable a possible

Where is L4

Top of iliac crest

Palpation

Touch/feel the anatomy

List the 4 joint mobilization forces

Traction Compression Shear Bending

Temporal disc motion

Translation

Pronation of the forearm occurs on what joint?

Transverse

Explain the plane and axis: Hip external rotation

Transverse plane, vertical axis

Explain the plane and axis: Shoulder horizontal abduction

Transverse plane, vertical axis

Explain the plane and axis: Supination

Transverse plane,vertical axis

What is motor behavior

Umbrella term that describes the study of the interactions between many of the physiologic and psychological processes of the body Comprised of: ♣ Motor development ♣ Motor learning ♣ Motor control

Occupational performance skill capacities

Underlie the maintenance of performance skills, including sensorimotor, cognitive, and physical aspects

Which of the following is not a parallel muscle fiber arrangement: Flat Unipennate Sphincter Fusiform

Unipennate

Bony end feel

Used to describe normal or abnormal end feel. An abrupt stop.

Directional terms

Used to describe the relationship of the body parts or the location of an external object with respect to the body.

Orbicularis oris does what

Used to pucker or blow out candles

How to conduct a qualitative analysis of human movement

Used to quantitatively describe the movement of humans using a spatial reference system and standardized measurements Cartesian coordinate system is system most commonly used

Cranial nerve oculomotor and trochlear controls what function?

Vision

Occipital lobe

Vision

properties of skeletal muscle

Voluntary 50% of body mass Range in thickness from 10-100 micrometers Length 1-30 cm Individual fiber is encased in endomysium Skeletal only pulls (creates tension), doesn't push Highly metabolic Multi-nucleated Muscles attach to bones by tendons which have no contractile properties

Illiofemoral Ischiofemoral Pubofemoral

What are the three ligaments that support the hip ?

Angle of inclination- frontal plane Angle of tortion - transverse plane

What are the two angles of the hip? And what plane are they in?

Posterior pelvic tilt Flat back or decreased lordosis

What are two postural problems caused by tight hip extensors?

1. Deepens the concavity of the acetabulum 2. Created a good seal of the hip joint using negative pressure.

What are two things the labrum does?

1. Plantar flex the right leg 2. You would left side bend.

What are two ways you might compensate if your right leg is shorter ?

Torn ligamentum teres

What causes avascular necrosis?

A measurement of the actual length of the femur and tibia

What is a true leg length discrepancy ?

Top of Pelvis tilts forward Excessively extended

What is an anterior pelvic tilt?

The round ligament

What is another name for the ligamentum Teres?

Whole femur Rotated forward - toes in posture

What is anteverted?

A muscle spasm or an imbalance of the ... Hip adductors Hip adductors Quadratus femoris Hip flexors

What is apparent leg lenghth actually due to?

The appearance of a leg length discrepancy ?

What is apparent leg length?

A lack of blood supply to the femur?

What is avascular necrosis?

>15 degrees

What is considered clinical anteversion?

< 8 degrees

What is considered clinical retro version?

Abducted hip with compensatory genu Varus. Patient will look bow legged.

What is coxa Valgus?

Adducted hip with compensatory genu Valgus Knock knee appearance.

What is coxa Varus?

Orthotic shoe - with a heel lift.

What is one way you can treat a leg length discrepancy?

Top of pelvis is rotated backward.

What is posterior pelvic tilt?

Whole femur rotated outward. Duck foot

What is retroverted ?

30 degrees flexion 30 degrees abduction Slight ER

What is the OPP for the hip?

The angle of the head and neck of the femor in the frontal plane .

What is the angle of inclination ?

The orientation of the head and knock of the femur in the transverse plane

What is the angle of tortion?

Medial Superior Anterior

What is the orientation of the head of the femor?

To protect the blood supply to the femur

What is the purpose of the ligamentum Teres?

Triaxial ball n socket

What kind of joint is the hip joint?

Pubofemoral

What ligament of the hip prevents excessive abduction?

Illiofemoral

What ligament of the hip prevents excessive adduction,extension, and external rotation

Ischiofemoral

What ligament of the hip prevents excessive flexion and IR?

Ischiofemoral

What ligament of the hip provides posterior support?

Illiofemoral

What ligament of the hip provides superior/anterior support ?

Pubofemoral.

What ligament provides inferior support?

Flexion/extention Abduction/ adduction Horizontal abduction/ adduction Internal / external rotation.

What motions happen at the hip?

Hip flexors Spine extensors

What muscles pull you into an anterior pelvic tilt?

Sacrum Left/right innominates

What osseous structures make up the pelvis?

50%

What percent of time should be spent actually engaged in activity?

Frontal

What plane do lateral pelvic tilts occur in?

Frontal

What plane does the angle of inclination occur?

Transverse

What plane is the angle of tortion significant in?

2/3 of a sphere

What shape is the head of the femur?

Practice

What students must be exposed to before they succeed

Full extention Full abduction Full internal rotation

What's the CPP for the Hip?

Reliability

When the results from the assessment or evaluation are consistent and reproducible

ASIS to medial malleolus

Where do you measure actual leg length?

Umbilicus to medial malleolous

Where do you measure apparent leg length?

Asis to patella

Where do you measure the q angle?

The head of the femur

Where does the ligamentum Teres attach?

_________ law says bone size and shape are influenced by the direction and magnitude of forces that are habitually applied to them.

Wolff's

Your patient has a cerebellar probelem with difficulty controlling the stability of the body moving forward, when she goes from sitting to standing. She has no strength deficits. What sit to stand strategy should she use?

Zero momentum strategy

Drawing the corners of the mouth upward is what muscle

Zygomaticus

malleoli

a bony projection with a shape likened to a hammer head, especially each of those on either side of the ankle. performing inversion & eversion actions

carbohydrates

a class of nutrients containing sugars and starches; supply most energy for daily activity

Resistive force (lever)

a force whose direction is opposite to the velocity of the body, or of the sum of the other forces

glycemic index

a measurement of the rate at which foods raise levels of glucose in the blood and, in turn trigger the release of insulin and other blood sugar regulators

anorexia nervosa

a persistent, chronic eating disorder characterized by deliberate food restriction and severe, life-threatening weight loss

stressor

a physical, social, or psychological event or circumstance to which the body tries to adapt

set point

a pre-programmed weight that your body returns to easily when you gain or lose a few pounds

body dysmorphic disorder

a psychological syndrome characterized by unrealistic and negative self-perception focusing on a perceived physical defect

stress response

a set of physiological changes initiated by your body in response to a stressor

positive caloric balance

a state in which the amount of calories consumed in food exceeds the amount of calories expended through metabolism and physical activity

negative caloric balance

a state in which the amount of calories consumed in food falls short of the amount of calories expended through metabolism and physical activity

isocaloric balance

a state in which the amount of calories consumed in food is approximately the same as the amount of calories expended through metabolism and physical activity

Angular impulse

a torque applied over some period of time

this is when an athlete's mind and body respond to competition or physical activity

a) arousal

stress is defined simply as a ______________ placed on a person

a) demand

no formal ____________ training is required at the NCAA division 1 level or professional level

a) kinesiology

____________ ______________ occurs when individuals believe that their performance does not matter to group and that other members will pick up the slack

a) social loafing

Which muscles require sufficient strength to switch from asymmetrical rotation to a symmetric sit up strategy for supine to stand?

abdominals and hip flexors

depressant

alcohol is an example of this

Middle rib movement in breathing

all 3 planes of motion are equally involved

Newton's Law of Gravitation

all bodies are attracted to each other in direct proportion to their masses and in inverse proportion to the square of the distance between them

Gluteus Medius

all fibers: ABduct the hip. anterior: flex the hip. medially rotate the hip. posterior: extend the hip. laterally rotate the hip.

Deltoid

all fibers: ABduct the shoulder. anterior fibers: flex the shoulder. medially rotate the shoulder. horizontally ADduct the shoulder. posterior fibers: extend the shoulder. laterally rotate the shoulder. horizontally ABduct the shoulder.

Pectoralis Major

all fibers: ADduct the shoulder. medially rotate the shoulder. upper fibers: flex the shoulder. horizontally ADduct the shoulder. lower fibers: extend the shoulder

Gluteus Maximus

all fibers: extend the hip. laterally rotate the hip. ABduct the hip. lower fibers: ADduct the hip.

Triceps Brachii

all heads: extend the elbow. long head: extend the shoulder. ADduct the shoulder.

Adductor Group adductor magnus-adductor longus-adductor brevis-pectineus-gracilis

all: ADduct the hip. medially rotate the hip. gracilis: flex the knee. medially rotate the flexed knee. posterior fibers of adductor magnus: extend the hip.

Quadriceps Femoris Group rectus femoris-vastus medialis-vastus lateralis-vastus intermedius

all: extend the knee. rectus femoris: flex the hip.

angle of retroversion

an angle less than 12 degrees; produces a tendency to toe-out and externally rotate; decreased Q angle.

bulimia

an eating disorder characterized by frequent bouts of binge eating followed by purging, laxative abuse, or excessive exercise

plyometric exercise

an exercise that is characterized by a rapid deceleration of the body followed by a rapid acceleration of the body in the opposite direction

newtons law of motion #1

an object in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by another force

Projectile

an object that is given some initial velocity and then is released

1st law of inertia

an object will remain at rest or continue to move with constant velocity as long as the net force equals zero

coxa vara

angle <125 medial increase risk of fracture limb is shortened & abductors are more effective because of a longer moment arm resulting in less load on femoral head but more load on femoral neck

coxa valga

angle >125 lateral lengthens the limb, reduces the effectiveness of the abductors because of the shorter moment arm increase load on femoral head, decrease load on femoral neck

Upper Rib movement in breathing

anterior and superior

Pump handle movement direction

anterior/posterior

Function of the synergist

any muscle helping a prime mover accomplish its action

Base of support

any part of the body in contact with the supporting surface and the intervening area

Law of conservation of momentum

any system where forces act on each other, the momentum is constant

Central tendon

aponeurosis low cells low vascular supply

Effort force (lever)

application of force to lever

Sport biomechanics

applies the laws and principles of mechanics and physics to enhance sport performance through the improvement in movement techniques or the development of equipment

Insertion of Quadratus lumborum

approximately 1/2 length of 12th rib and transverse process of the upper 4 lumbar vertebrae

Which are the most significant factors affecting the emergence of a mature supine to stance strategy?

body on body righting reactions neck on body righting reactions

__________ is defined as behavior directed towards inflicting __________ or ____________ on another person

c) aggression, harm, injury

Orbicularis Oculi

close the eyelid during blinking and sleeping. (smize!)

Orbicularis Oris

closing the mouth. shape lips during speech and eating. (duckface)

if you are new to coaching, your first coaching position will probably be _______________ for city league teams

d) volunteering

being in the _______________ is when you enjoy the ultimate thrill of sport characterized by peak performance

d) zone

passive tension

elastic components, parallel elastic componenets

minerals

elements such as calcium or sodium that allow vital physiological processes including nerve transmission, heartbeat, oxygen delivery, and absorption of vitamins

Masseter

elevate the mandible.

Temporalis

elevate the mandible. retract the mandible.

External intercostals

elevates ribs during inspiration by tilting

Name the 6 movements of the scapula

elevation depression upward rotation downward rotation adduction (retraction) abduction (protraction)

Levator Labii Superioris

elvis-like lip curl.

epiphysis

end of long bone, epiphyseal plate

Static biomechanics

examines bodies, masses, and forces at rest or moving at a constant velocity

statics

examines systems not moving or moving at constant speed

piriformis syndrome

excessive external rotation and abduction when the thigh is being flexed; an impingement of the sciatic nerve aggravated by rotational movements of the thigh during walking; can also be created by a functional short leg that lengthens the piriformis; the irritation of the sciatic nerve causes pain in the buttock area that can travel down the posterior thigh and leg; they can cut the piriformis to relieve the impingement.

Teres Major

extend the shoulder. ADduct the shoulder. medially rotate the shoulder.

Extensor Pollicis

extend the thumb. ABduct the wrist.

Semispinalis Capitis

extend the vertebral column and head.

Extensor Carpi Radialis

extend the wrist. ABduct the wrist.

Sternocleidomastoid Muscles

extension of head

Splenius Muscles (cervicis, capitis)

extension of head and neck

Deep post spinal group

extension, lateral flexion, rotation to opposite side

Erector Spinae

extension, lateral flexion, rotation to same side

Intercostals

external: draw ribs superiorly to assist with inhalation. internal: draw ribs inferiorly to assist with exhalation.

Inpatient facility

facility such as nursing home or rehabilitation hospital where patients spend extended periods of time for purposes of receiving medical or other health related treatment

During load response GRF is __________ the knee.

falls behind

if you coach for a small four-year university, you are likely to only coach and not teach or hold another position on campus

false

two ways to help develop intrinsic motivation are to help people feel competent and to understand how people define anger

false

type 2b muscle fibers

fast glycolytic fast twitch white muscle can produce ATP rapidly but fatigues quickly

type 2a muscle fibers

fast, oxidative-glycolitic moderately well developed aerobic capacity can contract for relatively long periods of time

methamphetamine

fastest growing drug in the U.S.

herophilus

father of scientific anatomy dissections of human body distinguished motor and sensory nerves

F---A---R or R--A---F

first class lever example: seesaw

Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi

flaring the nostril.

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

flex the 2nd through 5th fingers.

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

flex the 2nd through 5th fingers. flex the wrist.

Flexor Digitorum Longus

flex the 2nd through 5th toes. weak plantar flexion of ankle. invert the foot.

Brachialis

flex the elbow.

Biceps Femoris

flex the knee. laterally rotate the flexed knee. long head: extend the hip. tilt the pelvis posteriorly.

Semimembranosus

flex the knee. medially rotate the flexed knee. extend the hip. tilt the pelvis posteriorly.

Semitendinosus

flex the knee. medially rotate the flexed knee. extend the hip. tilt the pelvis posteriorly.

Gastrocnemius

flex the knee. plantar flex the ankle.

Coracobrachialis

flex the shoulder. ADduct the shoulder.

Flexor Pollicis

flex the thumb.

Rectus Abdominis

flex the vertebral column. tilt the pelvis posteriorly.

Flexor Carpi Radialis

flex the wrist. ABduct the wrist.

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

flex the wrist. ADduct the wrist.

Prevertebral group

flexion, Rotation to same side

motion occurring in sagittal plane

flexion/extension

Clinical biomechanics

focuses on improving the ability of an injured or disabled individual to perform activities of daily living including work and leisure activities, physical activity, or exercise

Newton's Third Law of Motion

for every action , there is an equal an opposite reaction

newton's law of motion #3

for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

3rd law of reaction

for every action there is an equal or opposite reaction

work

force applied over time to cause motion

Shear force

force directed parallel to long axis of a structure

static friction

force needed to be applied before an object starts to slide

sliding/rolling friction

force needed to be applied to allow an object to continue to slide/glide

concurent foce

force that is acting upon the same point of application but at different angles

friction

force that opposes efforts to slide or roll one body over another

What plane is adduction of the glenohumeral joint?

frontal

Occipitofrontalis

frontalis: raise the eyebrows and wrinkle the forehead. occipitalis: anchor and retract the galea posteriorly.

plantar flexion

gastrocnemius, soleus, peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus

benign

harmless; refers to a noncancerous tumor

whiskey

has most alcohol content

Function of the menisci

help deepen the condylar surfaces of the tibia where the condyles of the femur articulate

what is the muscle activity at the hip during phase 1 Weight shift of sit to stand?

hip extensors eccentrically hip flexors concentrically

What allow for foot clearance?

hip flexion 25º knee flexion 40-60º DF 0º

identification of: muscle group creating movement (in general terms; e.g., hip flexors, elbow extensors, etc.)

hip flexors- group of skeletal muscles that act to flex the femur (thigh bone) onto the lumbo-pelvic complex, i.e., pull the knee upward. elbow extensors- triceps brachii (long head and lateral head). The anconeus is an assister, pulling the joint capsule of the elbow out of the way of the advancing olecranon process during extension.

Which of these is NOT an essential feature of common movement patterns used by adults to roll from supine to prone?

hip hike

Indigitizations

horizontal separations ie rectus abdominus

kinematics

how we describe movement without reference to the forces that cause the motion; examines space and time; geometry of movement: distance, velocity, speed DOES NOT INVOLVE FORCES. (Linear- movement on straight or curved path, angular- how much pronation, velocity, degrees)

Lordosis

increased posterior concavity of lumbar & cervical curves

T7 is at the level of what?

inferior angle of the scapula

Spinous process of T10-T12 project where?

inferiorly

Response programming

initiation of an action after a response has been selected

mechanical advantage

is how much larger the output force is compared to the input force

what does the sum of torque tell us?

it can work in opposing directions (see-saw) or in the same direction

Origin of Transverse abdominis

lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament, inner rim of iliac crest, inner surface of costal cartilages of lower 6 lumbar ribs, lumbar fascia

(LLM) evertors

laterally

Piriformis

laterally rotate the hip. ABduct the hip.

Infraspinatus

laterally rotate the shoulder. ADduct the shoulder. stabilize the head of humerus in glenoid cavity.

Teres Minor

laterally rotate the shoulder. ADduct the shoulder. stabilize the head of humerus in glenoid cavity.

what are essential feature of supine to prone position?

lift and reach arm pattern shoulder girdle initiating motion of head and trunk Unilateral leg lift

alcoholic hepatitis

liver is enlarged and tender w elevated blood cells

center of pressure

location of COG over the floor

ulnar nerve

nerve running through the elbow

JRF

net force between the bone surfaces within a joint not including muscle forces 2.7 x BW associated with quadriceps contraction 1/6 BW = each leg

essential nutrients

nutrients necessary for normal body functioning that must be obtained from food

Part-whole practice

o A practice method commonly used to teach complex motor skills and movements o Requires parts of skill to be practiced independently but ordered according to the sequence in which each part occurs in the skill

Motor Learning

o As the motor task difficulty increases, practice performance of the skill decreases

Fitness and functional capacity testing

o Assesses the fitness and performance capabilities to do work- or job-related activity, physical activity, exercise, perform in a sport or athletic competition

Why do we assess people in exercise science/kinesiology

o Assessment and evaluation of physical, physiologic, and psychological attributes provides insight into: o Health status o Risk for certain diseases and illnesses o Responses to training and rehabilitation programs o Potential for success in sport and athletic competition

Cardiovascular and pulmonary function

o Cardiovascular and pulmonary function ♣ Metabolic measurement equipment (cart) measures: • Volume of air inhaled or exhaled • Amount of oxygen consumed • Amount of carbon dioxide produced • Caloric expenditure • Fuel source (CHO or FAT) ♣ Pulmonary function equipment measures: • How well an individual inhales and exhales air from the lungs • How efficiently the lungs transfer oxygen into the blood and remove carbon dioxide from the blood ♣ Electrocardiographic Equipment • Records the electric impulses generated by the heart ♣ Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Function Assessment • Pulse oximeter - Measures oxygen concentration in blood • Blood pressure equipment - Measures systolic and diastolic blood pressure

Learning difficult skills

o Important for successful participation in exercise, sport, and athletic competition o Task difficulty - the complexity of the motor problem an individual must resolve to successfully complete a task

Pretesting guidelines and procedures

o Provide standardized and clear instructions o Provide sufficient practice or warm-up o Select appropriate order of the assessment and evaluation items o Give sufficient recovery time between test items o Control the environmental conditions as much as possible o Assessments and evaluations should be valid and reliable

stress fracture

occurs over a period of time, chronic debonding of osteons, chronic condition. Osteoblastic activity more than osteoclastic activity *overuse

Linear motion

occurs when all points of the body are moving in the same direction at the same speed and are traveling the same distance

General motion

occurs when translation and angular movements are combined

carbon monoxide

odorless tasteless gas

BMI

one of the most common measurements that doctors and researchers use to assess risk of weight related disease, death, and disability

Curvatures of the spine at birth

only thoracic and sacral are present =primary curves

vitamins

organic compounds in foods that we need in tiny amounts to promote growth and help maintain life and health

Serratus Anterior

origin fixed: ABduct the scapula. upwardly rotate the scapula. depress the scapula. hold the medial border of the scapula against the rib cage.

Psoas Major

origin fixed: flex the hip. insertion fixed: flex the trunk toward the thigh. tilt pelvis anteriorly.

ectopic pregnancy

pregnancy where egg implants outside of uterus

ritalin and adderall

prescription drugs used to treat ADHD and narcolepsy

Function of the ACL

prevents anterior displacement of the tibia off the distal end of the femur

Function of the PCL

prevents posterior displacement of the tibia off the distal end of the femur

How the patella changes leverage at the knee.

primary functional role of the patella is knee extension. The patella increases the leverage that the tendon can exert on the femur by increasing the angle at which it acts.

Diaphragm

primary muscle of inspiration large dome shaped muscle seperates thoracic and abdominal cavities has left and right halves each half has sternal, lumbar and coastal parts each part inserts into the central tendon

wellness

process of making choices to lead to a healthy lifestyle

transverse process

projection from pedicle and lamina

spinous process

projects from junction of laminas

elbow pronation

pronator teres: best when elbow is flexed pronator quadratus: primary pronator

disc

protects facet joint from compression annulus fibrosus nucleus pulposis

Functions of the MCL and LCL

provide stability on either side of the knee joint preventing adduction and abduction of the joint, making it a uniaxial joint.

How muscle spindles operate and why.

provides information about changes in muscle length, supply continuous feedback that ensures a constant adjustment of muscular tension. Responds to length (tonic response) and rate of change in length (phasic response)

Tensile force

pulling or stretching force directed along long axis of a structure

Risorius

pulls corners of the mouth laterally

Zygomaticus does what

pulls corners of the mouth upward

what is force

push or pull

simultaneous

push or pull like movement

What are the essential components of the strategy of rising from bed?

pushing with arms flexing head and trunk pushing into partial sit rolling up into stance

Summary knowledge of results

requires completion of several trials of a single skill or movement without receiving any information about performance After completion of the trials, knowledge of results about those trials is provided to the individual

Functions of the vertebrae

resists compressive forces muscle contractions resists ext. loads in lifting, pulling, pushing

Inverted V

rotate spine to oposite side ex: deep posterior and semispinalis muscles

V muscle

rotate spine to the same side. Ex: erector spinae

__R___F A

second class lever example: wheelbarrow advantage: power disadvantage: short length

A patient has pain in R hip resulting in a shortened time in stance to avoid pain. what is the result?

shorter step length on the L

movement arms

shortest distance from the line of muscle force action to the center of rotation at the joint

The three important factors that affect stability.

size of the base of support, the relation of the line of gravity to the base of support, and the height of the center of gravity

overload principle

subjecting the body or body system to more physical activity than it is accustomed to

Muscles that assist in extension

suboccipital group

Palmaris Longus

tense the palmar fascia. flex the wrist.

physical fitness

the ability to perform moderate to vigorous levels of physical activity without undue fatigue

Stability

the ability to remain in or return to a state of equilibrium

2nd law of acceleration

the acceleration of an object is proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to the mass of the object

Linear momentum

the amount of motion an object possess

Scapulohumeral rhythm and the specific movement of the scapula that accompanies any raising of the arm at the glenohumeral joint.

the arm travels through a wide range of movements and, during each, the scapula cooperates by placing the glenoid fossa in the most favorable position for the head of the humerus When the arm is abducted, the scapula rotates upward When the arm is flexed, scapula rotates upward and abduct

energy

the capacity to do work

strain

the distortion of an object that occurs in

Anatomic reference planes

the division of the body by three imaginary cardinal planes into three dimensions: sagittal, frontal, and transverse.

Contextual interference

the interference that results from practicing several different tasks within the context of a single practice session

biomechanics

the motion of a living organism and the effect of forces on the living organism; more specific than kinesiology; Application of mechanics to biological systems

Function of the antagonist

the muscle opposing the prime mover

3rd class lever

the muscles lies between the fulcrum and the resistance

Effort moment arm (lever)

the perpendicular distance between the fulcrum and line of force of the effort

Function of the agonist

the prime mover

Linear impulse

the product of force and time

Inertia

the property of an object to remain in its state of either rest or motion

power

the rate at which work is done

Angular velocity

the rate of change of angle with respect to time

Linear acceleration

the rate of change of linear velocity with time

2nd class lever

the resistance lies between the fulcrum and the effort force

kinesiology

the scientific study of human movement; anatomical, physiological, psychological. biomechanical

How linear motion occurs if joints can only rotate. (For example, during a bench press, why does the bar move in a linear path?)

to make an object move linearly, it must be free to move and that force is applied uniformly in line with the center of gravity

What plane is horizontal adduction of the glenohumeral joint?

transverse

angle of anteversion

transverse plane; appropriately 12 degrees; greater than 12 degrees causes a portion of the femoral head to be uncovered unless compensatory mechanics occur further down the kinetic chain

the first step in burnout is feelings of mental, emotional and physical exhaustion

true

two aspects of obligatory exercisers are that exercise is their central focus in life and they have a need for excessive control of themselves and their environment

true

two of the personality traits successful athletes have that unsuccessful athletes do not have are they are more self-confident and they are better able to cope with obstacles or distractions

true

two reasons why head coaching positions at the professional sports level are few and far between are there are only 135 positions in the 5 major sports and the league usually chooses coaches who are already within the league

true

What are the menisci?

two semi-lunar fibrocartiliaginous structures that sit on the proximal end of the tibia and on the medial and lateral condylar surfaces

Performance

typically defined as observable behavior

Levator Scapula

unilaterally: elevate the scapula. downwardly rotate the scapula. laterally flex the head and neck. rotate the head and neck to the same side. bilaterally: extend the head and neck.

Sternocleidomastoid

unilaterally: laterally flex the head and neck to the same side. rotate the head and neck to the opposite side. bilaterally: flex the neck.

Erector Spinae Group spinalis-longissimus-iliocostalis

unilaterally: laterally flex the vertebral column to the same side. bilaterally: extend the vertebral column.

Internal Oblique

unilaterally: laterally flex vertebral column to the same side. rotate vertebral column to the same side. bilaterally: flex the vertebral column. compress abdominal contents.

Quadratus Lumborum

unilaterally: laterally tilt (elevate) the pelvis. laterally flex the vertebral column to the same side. bilaterally: fix the last rib during forced inhalation and exhalation.

Splenius Capitis & Cervicis

unilaterally: rotate the head and neck to the same side. laterally flex the head and neck to the same side. bilaterally: extend the head and neck.

Multifidi & Rotatores

unilaterally: rotate the vertebral column to the opposite side. bilaterally: extend the vertebral column.

Chapter 10-sugary mid workout snack can be balanced in diet what portion can come from simple sugars?

up to 10%

What are the components the body is divided into when looking at supine to stand?

upper extremity lower extremity axial

Trapezius

upper fibers; bilaterally: extend the head and neck. unilaterally: laterally flex the head and neck to the same side. rotate the head and neck to the opposite side. elevate the scapula. upwardly rotate the scapula. middle fibers: ADduct the scapula. stabilize the scapula. lower fibers: depress the scapula. upwardly rotate the scapula.

Vertical GRF is less than BW in late MidStance due to?

upward rise in COM

Where does the head of the rib articulate?

vertebral column

Linea Alba

vertical seperation of ie rectus abdominus

malignancy

very dangerous or harmful; refers to a cancerous tumor

cannot be cured

viral- herpes, HIV, hepatitis

Foot slap is most likely caused by?

weak DF

Plantaris

weak plantar flexion of the ankle. weak flexion of the knee.

facet joint functions

weight bearing gliding limits movement

obesity

weight levels more than overweight, a BMI of 30.0 to 34.9

fetal alcohol syndrome

when expectant mother consumes alcohol

linear force

when force is applied in same direction

parallel force

when linear or concurent forces are applied at different locations

fallopian tubes

where fertilization occurs

metaphysis

where the longitudinal growth in bone occurs; shaft widens

facet joints

zygopophyseal sup/inf articular processes synovial joints

Adolescence

♣ As a child progresses into and through adolescence, significant improvements in motor performance occur as a result of substantial physical and physiological changes ♣ Many of these chances are the results of body growth and changes in body structures ♣ Many of the differences between males and females are the results of structural changes that give males several physical advantages over females

Older Adulthood

♣ Decreases in physiological function as we age ♣ Many factors affect the rate of decline • Genetics, level of PA, participations in regular exercise, fitness level, and nutritional intake

Body composition measurement

♣ Densitometry - • Measurement of body density o Underwater, In air (Bod Pod), Skin folds ♣ Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) ♣ Bioelectric impedance • Measurement of speed of low voltage electrical current through the body ♣ Anthropometric measurements - • Measurement of the size and proportion of the human body and its various segments Skinfold assessments - Measurement of subcutaneous fat at different places on the body

Adulthood

♣ Early adulthood is the period when most individuals reach their peak physical (motor) performances • For women - ~22-25 yrs • For men - ~29 yrs ♣ Maintenance of motor skills through adulthood is a function of the motivation and opportunity to participate in physical activity, exercise, sports and athletic competition

Musculoskeletal function

♣ Electromyography • Measurement and recording of the electric activity of skeletal muscles ♣ Force platforms • Provides voltage signals proportional to the forces exerted on the platform's surface in the vertical, horizontal, and lateral direction ♣ Isokinetic dynamometers • Measures force during isometric and isokinetic movements of muscles ♣ Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) • Assess body tissues ♣ Muscle biopsy • Collection of a tissue sample from a muscle • What can we measure? o Fiber type o Metabolites o Glycogen o Signaling molecules ♣ Computed tomography (CT scan) ♣ Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry Uses x-rays to measure bone, fat, and fat-free mass

Motor performance

♣ Goniometers and potentiometers ♣ Motion capture systems ♣ Electromyography ♣ Eye-tracking instruments

Prenatal

♣ Malnutrition ♣ Drugs (tobacco, alcohol (FAS)) ♣ Hereditary factors • Chromosomes-based disorders ♣ Environmental factors • Radiation and chemical pollutants ♣ Medical problems STDS, maternal infection, stress

Infancy

♣ Manual Control • Reaching, grasping, releasing behaviors ♣ Locomotion • Crawling, creeping, walking

Energy balance assessment

♣ Measuring energy intake ♣ Measuring energy expenditure • Whole room indirect calorimeter • Doubly labeled water Accelerometers and pedometers

Areas of study in sports bimechanics and examples of each as discussed in class

♣ Technique improvement ♣ Equipment improvement ♣ Training improvement ♣ Injury prevention

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