Kinesiology In Action Chapter 1-14 (post-test)
B. 40%
B. 40%
What is the function of the dorsal interossei muscles at the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints? A. Flexion B. Abduction C. Extension D. Adduction
B. Abduction
What is the potential loss of total hand function with loss of motion at the carpometacarpal (CMC) joint of the thumb? A. Less than 20% B. 100% C. No loss of function D. 40% to 70%
D. 40% to 70%
How does the angle of insertion influence the ability of the biceps muscle to generate a force? A. A small angle increases the muscle's ability. B. The angle does not have an effect on the muscle's ability. C. A 45-degree angle results in more joint compression than muscle force. D. A 90-degree angle increases the muscle's ability.
D. A 90-degree angle increases the muscle's ability.
What are the muscles working in synergy at the elbow, both as movers and stabilizers, when using a screwdriver to tighten a screw? A. Biceps brachii B. Triceps brachii C. Supinator D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which of the following factors could contribute to a decrease in right step length? A. Decreased tolerance to standing on the right leg due to pain B. Decreased standing and walking balance C. Decreased leg strength D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which of the following tissues has the BEST blood supply to promote healing after injury? A. Menisci B. Articular cartilage C. Fibrocartilage D. Bone
D. Bone
During the climb up a steep hill, which of the following muscle fiber designs will MOST LIKELY produce the greatest forces in the lower extremities? A. Fusiform B. Strap C. Circular D. Pennate
D. Pennate
A person working in a sitting position for several hours each day displays a posture of a rounded spine with increased thoracic kyphosis. What condition or conditions are MOST LIKELY to occur because of this poor postural position if continued over a period of time? A. Forward-head posture will develop. B. Anterior trunk muscles and connective tissue will shorten. C. Overstretched trunk extensor muscles will weaken. D. All of the above
D. All of the above
What are the functions of the elbow in terms of movement of the upper extremity? A. Positions the hand in space so it can accomplish activities B. Shortens the arm to enable the hand to bring objects to the face C. Lengthens the arm for reaching objects D. All of the above
D. All of the above
What function does the patella play in improving the efficiency of the quadriceps muscles? A. Changes the direction of the muscle force B. Increases the moment arm of the muscle C. Deflects the muscle's line of action further from the joint D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which of the following adverse affects can result from an abnormal angle of inclination of the femur? A. Predisposition to hip dislocation B. Malalignment and joint stresses C. Muscle weakness due to changes in lengths of moment arms D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which of the following statements BEST describes the movement occurring at the ankle joints when a person in a standing position rises up on his or her toes? A. Passive and open kinematic chain B. Active and open kinematic chain C. Passive and closed kinematic chain D. Active and closed kinematic chain
D. Active and closed kinematic chain
In what position are the hips and spine during a posterior pelvic tilt? A. Increased lumbar lordosis, spinal flexion, and hip flexion B. Decreased lumbar lordosis, spinal extension, and hip extension C. Increased lumbar lordosis, spinal extension, and hip flexion D. Decreased lumbar lordosis, spinal flexion, and hip extension
D. Decreased lumbar lordosis, spinal flexion, and hip extension
Which of the following muscles shares an insertion site with the tibialis anterior to lift and support the transverse and medial longitudinal arches of the foot? A. Soleus B. Gastrocnemius C. Tibialis posterior D. Fibularis longus
D. Fibularis longus
Which of the following muscle groups act to produce downward rotation of the scapula? A. Lower trapezius, rhomboids, and serratus anterior B. Upper and lower trapezius and serratus anterior C. Upper and middle trapezius and pectoralis minor D. Levator scapulae, pectoralis minor, and rhomboids
D. Levator scapulae, pectoralis minor, and rhomboids
Which of the following muscles performs forearm supination? A. Biceps brachii and supinator B. Brachialis and supinator C. Supinator and brachioradialis D. Supinator and coracobrachialis
A. Biceps brachii and supinator
What is the primary function of the tibialis anterior when the heel strikes the ground when walking? A. Eccentric lowering of the foot to the ground B. Plantar flexion to produce push-off C. Concentric ankle dorsiflexion D. Plantar flexion to bring the foot to the ground
A. Eccentric lowering of the foot to the ground
Which of the following muscles are dynamic stabilizers of the glenohumeral joint? A. Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and teres minor B. Anterior, middle, and posterior deltoid C. Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and serratus anterior D. Upper and lower trapezius and serratus anterior
A. Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and teres minor
How much inversion range of motion is typical compared to eversion in the ankle/foot complex? A. Two to three times more inversion than eversion B. Two to three times more eversion than inversion C. Five times more inversion than eversion D. Five times more eversion than inversion
A. Two to three times more inversion than eversion
Which of the following actions would MOST LIKELY assist the foot with adapting to walking on a rocky surface? A. Unlocking of the subtalar joint during pronation B. Locking of the subtalar joint during pronation C. Unlocking of the subtalar joint during supination D. Locking of the subtalar joint during supination
A. Unlocking of the subtalar joint during pronation
Which muscle performs shoulder flexion? A. Anterior deltoid B. Infraspinatus C. Middle deltoid D. Supraspinatus
A. Anterior deltoid
During high-powered activities such as sprinting up a hill, how do the hip adductors function? A. At the end of hip flexion, they produce a strong extension force. B. At the end of hip extension, they produce a strong abduction force. C. At the end of hip flexion, they produce a strong flexion force. D. At the end of hip extension, they produce a strong extension force.
A. At the end of hip flexion, they produce a strong extension force.
Which of the following definitions BEST describes a saddle joint? A. Each of the joint surfaces has both a concave and convex surface. B. One joint surface is concave and the other surface is convex. C. Each of the joint surfaces is relatively flat. D. One joint surface fits like a peg in the hole of the opposite joint surface.
A. Each of the joint surfaces has both a concave and convex surface.
What are the arthrokinematic motions during closed-chain knee extension? A. Femoral surface rolls anteriorly, slides posteriorly, and rotates medially. B. Tibial surface rolls anteriorly, slides posteriorly, and rotates medially. C. Femoral surface rolls posteriorly, slides anteriorly, and rotates laterally. D. Tibial surface rolls and slides anteriorly and rotates laterally.
A. Femoral surface rolls anteriorly, slides posteriorly, and rotates medially.
A person lying on the stomach flexes the knee to stretch the anterior quadriceps muscle. Due to tight quadriceps muscles and knee joint capsule and ligament structures, the flexion is limited to only 90 degrees (normal is typically 130 degrees in the position). Which of the following BEST describes the end-feel of this knee flexion? A. Firm end-feel B. Soft end-feel C. Hard end-feel D. Empty end-feel
A. Firm end-feel
Which of the following statements about gait speed that occurs with the festinating gait common in individuals with Parkinson disease is MOST CORRECT? A. Gait speed accelerates. B. Gait speed remains constant. C. Gait speed decelerates. D. Gait speed fluctuates.
A. Gait speed accelerates.
What is a LIKELY adverse effect of having a meniscus surgically removed? A. Increased stress to articular cartilage B. Increased nutrition to articular cartilage C. Decreased stress to articular cartilage D. Decreased friction to articular cartilage
A. Increased stress to articular cartilage
Which of the following ligaments functions to counter a medial force to the knee, resulting in a varus stress? A. Lateral collateral ligament B. Anterior cruciate ligament C. Medial collateral ligament D. Posterior cruciate ligament
A. Lateral collateral ligament
Which of the following functional activities would MOST LIKELY display dysfunction by a person who had impaired spinal rotation at multiple levels? A. Looking over the shoulder while backing up a car B. Looking upward to see an object on a high shelf C. Looking downward when tying shoelaces D. Looking forward at a computer screen
A. Looking over the shoulder while backing up a car
Which of the following BEST describes the function of the foot during heel off and toe off? A. Supinates to become a rigid lever B. Pronates to become a rigid lever C. Supinates to become pliable for uneven surfaces D. Pronates to become pliable for uneven surfaces
A. Supinates to become a rigid lever
Which of the following factors is MOST LIKELY to contribute to excessive lateral tracking of the patella? A. Shortened iliotibial band and lateral patella retinacular fibers and lax medial collateral ligament B. Weak vastus lateralis C. Shortened gracilis and medial patella retinacular fibers and lax medial collateral ligament D. High foot arches
A. Shortened iliotibial band and lateral patella retinacular fibers and lax medial collateral ligament
Which of the following statements explains why a person in the standing position is less stable than a person in a sitting position? A. The center of gravity is higher and the base of support is narrower. B. The center of gravity is lower and the base of support is narrower. C. The center of gravity is higher and the base of support is wider. D. The center of gravity is lower and the base of support is narrower.
A. The center of gravity is higher and the base of support is narrower.
During a prone push-up with elbow extension, which of the following motions is occurring? A. The convex humerus is moving on the concave ulna. B. The concave ulna is moving on the convex humerus. C. The concave humerus is moving on the convex ulna. D. The convex ulna is moving on the concave humerus.
A. The convex humerus is moving on the concave ulna.
What is the mechanical reason why grip strength is MOST LIKELY reduced when the wrist is flexed? A. The finger flexors are actively insufficient and shortened as they pass over a flexed wrist. B. The finger extensors are actively insufficient as they pass over an extended wrist. C. The finger flexors are passively insufficient and shortened as they pass over a flexed wrist. D. The finger extensors are passively insufficient as they pass over an extended wrist.
A. The finger flexors are actively insufficient and shortened as they pass over a flexed wrist.
Which of the following statements BEST describes ground reaction force? A. When force is applied to an object, the object will respond with an equal and opposite force. B. When force is applied to an object, the object will respond with a smaller and opposite force. C. When force is applied to an object, the object will respond with varying force. D. When force is applied to an object, the object will not respond.
A. When force is applied to an object, the object will respond with an equal and opposite force.
A person is reaching forward and upward into a cabinet. In which plane and around which axis does this movement primarily occur? A. Transverse plane around a sagittal axis B. Sagittal plane around a frontal axis C. Frontal plane around a vertical axis D. Horizontal plane around a sagittal axis
B. Sagittal plane around a frontal axis
Which of the following ligaments are MOST LIKELY to be affected by a radial head fracture? A. Medial collateral ligament and lateral collateral ligament B. Annular ligament and lateral collateral ligament C. Annular ligament and medial collateral ligament D. Oblique ligament and annular ligament
B. Annular ligament and lateral collateral ligament
Which of the following ligaments would most likely be injured with a lateral ankle sprain? A. Tibionavicular ligament B. Anterior talofibular ligament C. Tibiocalcaneal ligament D. Anterior tibiotalar ligament
B. Anterior talofibular ligament
Which of the following muscles is activated at the ankle during lift-off from the ground when performing a vertical jump? A. Concentric contraction of the tibialis anterior B. Concentric contraction of the gastrocnemius and soleus C. Eccentric contraction of the tibialis anterior D. Eccentric contraction of the gastrocnemius and soleus
B. Concentric contraction of the gastrocnemius and soleus
What would be a LIKELY adverse effect of not having the patella at the knee joint? A. Increased moment arm of the knee flexors and their ability to generate a force B. Decreased moment arm of the knee extensors and their ability to generate a force C. Increased moment arm of the knee extensors and their ability to generate a force D. Decreased moment arm of the knee flexors and their ability to generate a force
B. Decreased moment arm of the knee extensors and their ability to generate a force
What is the influence of subtalar pronation during stance phase? A. It increases rigidity, allowing the foot to push the body forward. B. It increases pliability, allowing the foot to adapt to uneven terrains. C. It decreases rigidity, allowing the foot to push the body forward. D. It decreases pliability, allowing the foot to adapt to uneven terrains.
B. It increases pliability, allowing the foot to adapt to uneven terrains.
When lifting and lowering a dumbbell during elbow flexion in a standing position, which of the following statements is MOST CORRECT about the acceleration of the lower arm? A. It is accelerating toward the shoulder during flexion and accelerating as it is lowered to its resting position. B. It is accelerating toward the shoulder during flexion and decelerating as it is lowered to its resting position. C. It is decelerating toward the shoulder during flexion and accelerating as it is lowered to its resting position. D. It is decelerating toward the shoulder during flexion and decelerating as it is lowered to its resting position.
B. It is accelerating toward the shoulder during flexion and decelerating as it is lowered to its resting position.
Where would a person with the overuse syndrome of tennis elbow MOST LIKELY experience tenderness with palpation? A. Radial shaft B. Lateral humeral epicondyle and supracondylar ridge C. Ulna shaft D. Medial humeral epicondyle and supracondylar ridge
B. Lateral humeral epicondyle and supracondylar ridge
Vector forces of equal magnitude but in the opposite direction and with moment arms of the same distance are most likely to have what effect on joint movement? A. Movement of the joint in the direction of the muscle force B. No movement of the joint C. Movement of the joint in the direction of the force opposing the muscle D. Alternating movement of the joint in each direction of the forces
B. No movement of the joint
Which muscle produces scapular retraction? A. Serratus anterior B. Rhomboid major C. Deltoid D. Pectoralis major
B. Rhomboid major
Which of the following joints has equal amounts of inversion/eversion and abduction/adduction motion but very little dorsiflexion/plantar flexion? A. Transverse tarsal B. Subtalar C. Talocrural D. Metatarsophalangeal
B. Subtalar
Which of the following definitions BEST describes genu varum? A. The angle between the femur neck and shaft is greater than 125 degrees. B. The angle between the femur and tibia is greater than 180 degrees. C. The angle between the femur neck and shaft is less than 125 degrees. D. The angle between the femur and tibia is less than 170 degrees.
B. The angle between the femur and tibia is greater than 180 degrees.
Which of the following statements BEST describes the comparison between the normal range of motion during radial and ulnar deviation? A. Ulnar and radial deviation are equal. B. Ulnar deviation is greater than radial deviation. C. Ranges vary depending on an individual's age. D. Radial deviation is greater than ulnar deviation.
B. Ulnar deviation is greater than radial deviation.
A person who is walking loses balance and falls when nudged. Which state of equilibrium does this scenario BEST represent? A. Stable equilibrium B. Unstable equilibrium C. Neutral equilibrium D. A and C
B. Unstable equilibrium
What influence does walking speed have on time spent in double-limb support? A. As speed increases, time increases. B. As speed decreases, time decreases. C. As speed increases, time decreases. D. Speed does not influence time
C. As speed increases, time decreases.
Which of the following muscles perform radial deviation? A. Extensor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi ulnaris B. Flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum profundus C. Extensor carpi radialis longus and flexor carpi radialis D. Flexor digitorum profundus and extensor carpi radialis brevis
C. Extensor carpi radialis longus and flexor carpi radialis
When describing work in terms of kinesiology, which factors are considered? A. Force applied to move the object B. Distance the object is moved C. Force applied to the object and distance it is moved D. Force applied and distance the object is moved in a certain amount of time
C. Force applied to the object and distance it is moved
Which of the following muscles play a role in extending the hip as the leg begins to accept weight at initial contact? A. Gluteus maximus and rectus femoris B. Gluteus medius and hamstrings C. Hamstrings and gluteus maximus D. Hamstrings and rectus femoris
C. Hamstrings and gluteus maximus
An athlete sustained a severe injury of the knee's medial collateral ligament. Which of the following feedback mechanisms to the brain will likely NOT be affected by this injury? A. How the joint moves and where it is in space B. When the joint is compressed or distracted C. How the joint receives nutrients D. When the joint is injured
C. How the joint receives nutrients
Where on the forearm should a cuff weight be placed to require the greatest work from the biceps muscle to lift the weight? (Hint: Consider the moment arm for the force of the weight.) A. Around the mid forearm B. Around the wrist C. In the hand D. Close to the elbow joint
C. In the hand
What are the LIKELY effects of a shortened iliopsoas muscle on the spine? A. Increased lumbar lordosis and spinal flexion B. Posterior pelvic tilt and spinal extension C. Increased lumbar lordosis and spinal extension D. Anterior pelvic tilt and spinal flexion
C. Increased lumbar lordosis and spinal extension
In which direction are the hamstrings most likely pulling the pelvis if the rectus abdominis muscle is pulling the anterior portion of the pelvis in a superior direction to produce a posterior tilt (rotation) of the pelvis? A. Superior B. Anterior C. Inferior D. Posterior
C. Inferior
Which of the following motions comprises supination of the foot? A. Inversion, abduction, and dorsiflexion B. Eversion, adduction, and plantar flexion C. Inversion, adduction, and plantar flexion D. Eversion, abduction, and dorsiflexion
C. Inversion, adduction, and plantar flexion
Which of the following joints is MOST LIKELY involved when a person experiences discomfort under the kneecap while going down steps? A. Lateral compartment of tibiofemoral joint B. Tibiofibular joint C. Patellofemoral joint D. Medial compartment of tibiofemoral joint
C. Patellofemoral joint
5. A person participates in a daily stretching program of the hamstring muscles and, over time, increases the permanent flexibility and length of the hamstrings. Which of the following areas on the Stress-Strain curve represents this new condition of the hamstring muscles? A. Elastic region B. Toe region C. Plastic region D. Mechanical failure
C. Plastic region
Why does movement of the sternoclavicular (SC) joint produce movement at the scapula? A. The clavicle articulates with the scapula at the scapulothoracic joint. B. Movement of the acromioclavicular (AC) joint and the SC joint are independent of scapular movement. C. The clavicle articulates with the scapula at the AC joint. D. Movement does not occur at the SC joint.
C. The clavicle articulates with the scapula at the AC joint.
Which of the following muscles is MOST LIKELY to prevent passive knee flexion when a person is lying in the prone position? A. Biceps femoris B. Iliopsoas C. Rectus femoris D. Adductor magnus
C. Rectus femoris
What are the arthrokinematic motions of the humeral head as the arm returns to the anatomical position after reaching upward into a cabinet? A. Rolls medially, glides superiorly B. Rolls laterally, glides inferiorly C. Rolls inferiorly, glides superiorly D. Rolls superiorly, glides inferiorly
C. Rolls inferiorly, glides superiorly
Which of the following structures, if fractured, would present with tenderness in the floor of the snuff box? A. Trapezoid bone B. Hamate bone C. Scaphoid bone D. Capitate bone
C. Scaphoid bone
An athlete's arm is in an extended position prior to throwing a ball in a forward direction. Which of the following statements BEST describes the arm's energy in this backward position and when throwing the ball? A. The arm has the kinetic energy created by its position to accelerate forward to throw the ball. B. The arm has the potential energy created by its position to accelerate forward to throw the ball. C. The arm has the potential energy created by its backward position, which changes into kinetic energy as the ball is thrown forward. D. The arm has the kinetic energy created by its backward position and when the ball is thrown.
C. The arm has the potential energy created by its backward position, which changes into kinetic energy as the ball is thrown forward.
When working to increase the strength of muscles, which of the following statements is MOST CORRECT in terms of the concept of the moment of inertia? A. The closer the force is from the joint axis of rotation, the harder the muscle must work to counter the force. B. The distance of the force from the joint axis does not influence the force the muscle must generate to overcome the force. C. The further the force is from the joint axis of rotation, the harder the muscle must work to counter the force. D. The further the force is from the joint axis of rotation, the less the muscle must work to counter the force.
C. The further the force is from the joint axis of rotation, the harder the muscle must work to counter the force.
When rehabilitating the knee complex muscles, what should be the strength goals of the quadriceps compared to the hamstrings? A. The quadriceps and hamstrings should be equal in strength. B. The hamstrings should be two-thirds stronger than the quadriceps. C. The quadriceps should be two-thirds stronger than the hamstrings. D. The strength of each group is unrelated.
C. The quadriceps should be two-thirds stronger than the hamstrings.
What occurs in a healthy individual when a reflex hammer strikes the patellar tendon? A. The quick stretch of the tendon activates the muscle spindle and the knee flexes. B. The stretch of the tendon activates the Golgi tendon organ and the knee extends. C. The quick stretch of the tendon activates the muscle spindle and the knee extends. D. The stretch of the tendon activates the Golgi tendon organ and the knee flexes.
C. The quick stretch of the tendon activates the muscle spindle and the knee extends.
Which of the following arthrokinematic motions would need to be increased with mobilization techniques in a person with limited talocrural plantar flexion? A. The talus rolling anteriorly and sliding posteriorly B. The calcaneus rolling anteriorly and sliding posteriorly C. The talus rolling posteriorly and sliding anteriorly D. The calcaneus rolling posteriorly and sliding anteriorly
C. The talus rolling posteriorly and sliding anteriorly
Which of the following conditions is LIKELY to occur from an increase in connective tissue within muscle tissue that occurs with inactivity or aging? A. Decreased ability to generate power B. Decreased ability to generate high forces with jumping C. Stiffness D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which of the following statements BEST describes the function of the acetabular labrum? A. Increases stability of the hip joint B. Distributes and diminishes load on the hip joint C. Secures femoral head in acetabulum D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which of the following statements BEST describes the functions of connective tissue within the muscular system? A. Provides structure for the muscle B. Serves as a conduit for blood vessels and nerves C. Contributes to the force to control load during eccentric muscle contractions D. All of the above
D. All of the above
A person is sitting in a nonmoving wheelchair. Another person begins to push the chair across a room. Which of the following concepts applies to what happens to the wheelchair? A. Unstable equilibrium B. The moment of inertia C. Static equilibrium D. The law of inertia
D. The law of inertia
Which of the following definitions BEST describes an eccentric muscle contraction? A. No movement is produced. B. During the movement, one of the muscle attachments is stable while the other attachment moves toward it. C. A small amount of movement is produced. D. During the movement, the muscle's attachments move apart from each other.
D. During the movement, the muscle's attachments move apart from each other.
What elbow and forearm motions occur to bring the palmar surface of the hand to the mouth? A. Elbow extension with the forearm in either pronation or supination B. Elbow flexion and forearm pronation C. Elbow extension with the forearm in a neutral position of rotation D. Elbow flexion and forearm supination
D. Elbow flexion and forearm supination
A person whose arm had been immobilized in a cast for a prolonged period of time is having difficulty reaching forward and upward. Which of the following statements BEST describes the arthrokinematic movements that are likely limited? A. Humeral head rolling inferiorly and gliding inferiorly B. Humeral head spinning laterally and with no gliding C. Humeral head spinning medially and with no gliding D. Humeral head rolling superiorly and gliding inferiorly
D. Humeral head rolling superiorly and gliding inferiorly
Which of the following joints is an example of a symphysis joint? A. Joint between the bones in the skull B. Joint between a tooth and the mandible C. Joint between the radius and ulna in the forearm formed by interosseous membrane D. Joint between the vertebrae and the discs in the spine
D. Joint between the vertebrae and the discs in the spine
Why can the calf muscles generate enough force to raise the entire body weight off the ground when lifting the heel off the floor in standing? A. They function as first-class levers. B. They function as third-class levers. C. They function as fourth-class levers. D. They function as second-class levers.
D. They function as second-class levers.
What are the most common coupled motions in the spine? A. Extension and lateral bending B. Lateral bending and extension C. Flexion and lateral bending D. Lateral bending and rotation
D. Lateral bending and rotation
When standing only on the left leg, the right iliac crest drops inferiorly below the left iliac crest. Which of the following muscles is MOST LIKELY weak? A. Right hip adductors B. Right hip abductors C. Left hip adductors D. Left hip abductors
D. Left hip abductors
Which of the following statements about the motions of supination and pronation in the forearm is MOST CORRECT? A. Muscles with attachments only to the humerus produce these motions. B. Muscles with attachments to the ulna produce these motions because the ulna rotates around a stationary radius. C. Muscles with attachments to the wrist carpals produce these motions. D. Muscles with attachments to the radius produce these motions because the radius rotates around a stationary ulna.
D. Muscles with attachments to the radius produce these motions because the radius rotates around a stationary ulna.
Which of the following grips is MOST OFTEN used to hold a hammer when driving a nail? A. Power key pinch B. Precision grip C. Hook grip D. Power grip
D. Power grip
Which of the following muscles provides trunk stability in the frontal plane? A. Multifidi B. Rectus abdominis C. Erector spinae D. Quadratus lumborum
D. Quadratus lumborum
Which of the following conditions is MOST LIKELY associated with femoral retroversion? A. Toeing in posture and restricted medial rotation at the hip B. Toeing out posture and restricted lateral rotation at the hip C. Toeing in posture and restricted lateral rotation at the hip D. Toeing out posture and restricted medial rotation at the hip
D. Toeing out posture and restricted medial rotation at the hip
Which of the following muscle contraction speeds is MOST LIKELY to produce the greatest muscle tension lifting and lowering a heavy dumbbell during elbow flexion and extension? A. Slow speed during concentric elbow flexion and eccentric lowering B. Fast speed during concentric elbow flexion, slower speed during eccentric lowering C. Fast speed during concentric elbow flexion, and eccentric lowering D. Slow speed during concentric elbow flexion, faster speed during eccentric lowering
D. Slow speed during concentric elbow flexion, faster speed during eccentric lowering
Which of the following statements BEST describes scapular upward rotation? A. The glenoid fossa rotates superiorly; the inferior scapular angle rotates downward. B. The glenoid fossa rotates inferiorly; the inferior scapular angle rotates upward. C. The glenoid fossa rotates inferiorly; the inferior scapular angle rotates downward. D. The glenoid fossa rotates superiorly; the inferior scapular angle rotates upward.
D. The glenoid fossa rotates superiorly; the inferior scapular angle rotates upward.
Dysfunction of which of the following muscles could lead to impingement of subacromial structures during shoulder scaption? A. Serratus anterior B. Pectoralis major C. Deltoid D. Latissimus dorsi
A. Serratus anterior
A person is turning a key in a door lock. In which plane and around which axis does movement of the forearm primarily occur when turning the key? A. Transverse plane around a vertical axis B. Sagittal plane around a frontal axis C. Frontal plane around a vertical axis D. Horizontal plane around a sagittal axis
A. Transverse plane around a vertical axis
Which muscles contribute to spinal stabilization and alignment? A. Transversus abdominis, internal oblique abdominal, and deep lumbar multifidus B. Rectus abdominis and internal oblique abdominal C. Transversus abdominis and erector spinae D. Rectus abdominis, internal oblique abdominal, and deep lumbar multifidus
A. Transversus abdominis, internal oblique abdominal, and deep lumbar multifidus
What is the hourglass-shaped boney landmark that lies between the medial and lateral humeral epicondyles? A. Trochlea B. Capitulum C. Olecranon fossa D. Supracondylar ridge
A. Trochlea
Which of the following activities is MOST LIKELY to result in the greatest amount of patellofemoral joint compression forces? A. Swimming B. Deep squats C. Walking D. Bike riding
B. Deep squats
What is the primary function of the quadriceps during midstance? A. Concentrically flex the knee for upcoming swing phase B. Eccentrically controls knee flexion C. Concentrically extend the knee to support body weight D. Eccentrically control hip flexion
B. Eccentrically controls knee flexion
Which of the following functions is an important role of the tibialis posterior during walking? A. Concentrically lifts medial longitudinal arch B. Eccentrically controls lowering of medial longitudinal arch C. B and C D. None of the above
B. Eccentrically controls lowering of medial longitudinal arch
Which of the tissue components gives the most when stretched? A. Collagen B. Elastin C. Ground substance D. Osteoblasts
B. Elastin
A person is lifting a dumbbell by flexing the elbow, bringing the dumbbell toward the shoulder. Which of the following statements BEST describes this activity? A. Elbow flexors and extensors are the antagonists. B. Elbow flexors are the agonists; elbow extensors are the antagonists. C. Elbow flexors and extensors are the agonists. D. Elbow flexors are the antagonists; elbow extensors are the agonists.
B. Elbow flexors are the agonists; elbow extensors are the antagonists.
Which of the following positions of the elbow is MOST LIKELY to allow the greatest amount of joint movement between the joint surfaces when a clinician is applying manual techniques to increase range of motion? (Hint: Consider closed-packed versus open-packed concepts.) A. Elbow in full extension B. Elbow in 70 degrees of flexion C. Elbow in full flexion D. The position of the joint does not influence the amount of joint play or joint movement.
B. Elbow in 70 degrees of flexion
Which of the following events of stance phase begins the forward propulsion of the body? A. Midstance B. Heel off C. Foot flat D. Initial contact
B. Heel off
With the hip in 90 degrees of flexion, what position would BEST stretch the piriformis muscle? A. Hip abduction B. Lateral hip rotation C. Medial hip rotation D. Hip adduction
B. Lateral hip rotation
What are the primary muscles that extend the shoulder? A. Posterior deltoid and long head of the biceps B. Posterior deltoid, latissimus dorsi, long head of the triceps, and pectoralis major C. Anterior deltoid and long head of the biceps D. Anterior deltoid, latissimus dorsi, triceps, and pectoralis minor
B. Posterior deltoid, latissimus dorsi, long head of the triceps, and pectoralis major
Which of the following events is MOST LIKELY to occur during spinal extension? A. Anterior structures are compressed and disc material moves posteriorly. B. Posterior structures are compressed and disc material moves anteriorly. C. Anterior structures are stretched and disc material moves posteriorly. D. Posterior structures are stretched and disc material moves anteriorly.
B. Posterior structures are compressed and disc material moves anteriorly.
Weakness of which of the following muscles is MOST LIKELY to result in genu recurvatum during stance? A. Tibialis anterior B. Quadriceps C. Tibialis posterior D. Hamstrings
B. Quadriceps
Which of the following muscle groups should be the last group to strengthen if someone has acute low back pain? A. Transversus abdominis B. Rectus abdominis C. Internal obliques D. Multifidi
B. Rectus abdominis
Using the concave-convex pattern of movement, which direction is the femur most likely to roll and glide when moving from standing to a sitting position? A. Roll anterior and glide anterior B. Roll posterior and glide anterior C. Roll anterior and glide posterior D. Roll posterior and glide posterior
B. Roll posterior and glide anterior
What is the functional position of the wrist and hand? A. Wrist flexion (20 degrees), radial deviation (10 degrees), metacarpophalangeal flexion (45 degrees), proximal interphalangeal flexion (30 degrees), and slight distal interphalangeal joint flexion B. Wrist extension (20 degrees), ulnar deviation (10 degrees), metacarpophalangeal flexion (45 degrees), proximal interphalangeal flexion (30 degrees), and slight distal interphalangeal joint flexion C. Wrist flexion (20 degrees), ulnar deviation (10 degrees), metacarpophalangeal flexion (45 degrees), proximal interphalangeal flexion (30 degrees), and slight distal interphalangeal joint flexion D. Wrist extension (20 degrees), radial deviation (10 degrees), metacarpophalangeal flexion (45 degrees), proximal interphalangeal flexion (30 degrees), and slight distal interphalangeal joint flexion
B. Wrist extension (20 degrees), ulnar deviation (10 degrees), metacarpophalangeal flexion (45 degrees), proximal interphalangeal flexion (30 degrees), and slight distal interphalangeal joint flexion
What is the function of anterior and posterior tilting of the scapula during glenohumeral motion? A. Allows the scapula to move independently of the humerus B. Allows the scapula to maintain contact with horizontal curvature of the thorax C. Allows the scapula to maintain contact with curvature of the rib cage and orients glenoid fossa with humeral head D. Allows the inferior orientation of the glenoid fossa to maintain the humeral head in the fossa
C. Allows the scapula to maintain contact with curvature of the rib cage and orients glenoid fossa with humeral head
Which of the following bony landmarks of the pelvis is often used to assign pelvic alignment and measure leg lengths? A. Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) B. Posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) C. Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) D. Posterior inferior iliac spine (PIIS)
C. Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
In what state of equilibrium is a person who is running 6 miles per hour on a level surface? A. Static equilibrium B. Unstable equilibrium C. Dynamic equilibrium D. Unequilibrium
C. Dynamic equilibrium
What motion is produced by unilateral contraction of the sternocleidomastoid muscle? A. Ipsilateral cervical lateral flexion and rotation B. Contralateral cervical lateral flexion and rotation C. Ipsilateral cervical lateral flexion and contralateral rotation D. Contralateral cervical lateral flexion and ipsilateral rotation
C. Ipsilateral cervical lateral flexion and contralateral rotation
Which statement BEST describes articular cartilage? A. It is a form of hyaline cartilage with a good blood supply and an ability to heal well. B. It is a form of fibrocartilage and assists with controlling movement. C. It is a form of hyaline cartilage with a poor blood supply and an inability to heal well. D. It is a form of fibrocartilage and has abundant pain receptors.
C. It is a form of hyaline cartilage with a poor blood supply and an inability to heal well.
When walking up a steep hill, which of the following statements BEST describes motor unit recruitment in the lower extremities? A. Larger motor units recruiting type I muscle fibers B. Small motor units recruiting type I muscle fibers C. Larger motor units recruiting type II muscle fibers D. Small motor units recruiting type II muscle fibers
C. Larger motor units recruiting type II muscle fibers
Which of the following ligaments would MOST LIKELY sustain an overstretch injury from a valgus force to the lateral aspect of the elbow? A. Lateral collateral ligament B. Annular ligament C. Medial collateral ligament D. Oblique ligament
C. Medial collateral ligament
When taking a step forward with the right leg while unloaded, what is the position of the loaded left pelvis in the horizontal plane? Hint: Consider the distance between the left iliac crest and the right femur compared to the distance if the right leg were moving backward. A. Lateral rotation B. Adduction C. Medial rotation D. Abduction
C. Medial rotation
Which of the following nerves is MOST LIKELY to be compressed if the structures in the carpal tunnel become inflamed? A. Ulnar B. Musculocutaneous C. Median D. Radial
C. Median
A person is lifting a dumbbell by flexing the elbow, bringing the dumbbell toward the shoulder. Which of the following statements BEST describes the cellular events that occur as the flexed elbow lowers the weight back down to the anatomical position? A. Repeated formation and reformation of cross-bridges until the muscle fibers shorten B. Repeated formation and reformation of cross-bridges with some fiber shortening and some fiber lengthening C. Repeated formation and reformation of cross-bridges that become farther apart as the muscle lengthens D. Repeated formation and reformation of cross-bridges with no change in muscle length
C. Repeated formation and reformation of cross-bridges that become farther apart as the muscle lengthens
Taking into account the attachments of the long head of the triceps, what would be the end range position that would provide the BEST stretch to the muscle? A. Shoulder and elbow extension B. Shoulder flexion and elbow extension C. Shoulder and elbow flexion D. Shoulder extension and elbow flexion
C. Shoulder and elbow flexion
Which of the following muscle groups is MOST LIKELY to require strengthening in a person displaying excessive postural thoracic kyphosis? A. Trunk flexors B. Trunk rotators C. Trunk extensors D. Trunk lateral flexors
C. Trunk extensors
Which of the following muscle groups is MOST LIKELY overlengthened and would require strengthening in a person who displays a chronic excessive anterior tilt posture? A. Trunk flexors and extensors B. Trunk extensors C. Trunk flexors D. None of the above
C. Trunk flexors
Which of the following ligaments provides the BEST medial support to the wrist? A. Radial collateral ligament B. Radiocarpal ligament C. Ulnar collateral ligament D. Transverse carpal ligament
C. Ulnar collateral ligament
When does the internal force (muscle force) have a greater mechanical advantage over the external force? A. When the internal moment arm is less than the external moment arm B. When the internal and external moment arms are equal C. When the internal moment arm is greater than the external moment arm D. The mechanical advantage is not related to moment arms.
C. When the internal moment arm is greater than the external moment arm