KS CMA Unit 10 Cardiovascular System
What do beta-blockers end with?
-lol
What do Ace Inhibitors end with?
-pril
What are the side effects of digitalis/ cardiac stimulants?
1. Slow pulse (bradycardia) 2. Visual disturbances (halo effect)&Gi Upset. 3. Irregular heart beat(Fatal!)
What is the blood pressure a combination of?
1.Force of heart beat. 2. Condition of blood vessels
What is the pre hypertension range for Systolic?
120-140 Systolic
How many chambers does the heart have?
4 chambers
How often, on average does the heart beat per minute?
60-80 times
What is the pre hypertension range for diastolic?
80-90 Diastolic
What is thrombosis?
A clot in a vessel
What is embolus?
A solid , liquid or gaseous clot
What do anticoagulants treat?
Abnormal clotting, and help prevent stroke/heartattack
What is the hypertension range for diastolic?
Above 90
What is a potassium sparing spironalactone?
Aldactone
What do hemantics treat?
Anemia
What is the hypotension range for diastolic?
Below 60
What is the Hypotension range for systolic?
Below 90
What happens during Left Sided CHF?
Blood backs up in lungs messing up respiration.
What happens during Right Sided CHF
Blood backs up in organs and interstitial tissue (lower extremities)
What does the blood do when an artery is cut?
Blood will spurt
What is cyanosis?
Bluish tint to the skin
What color is the blood in the arteries, and why?
Bright red from the O2
What is Atherosclerosis?
Buildup of fat or cholesterol in walls of arteries.
What is hodgkins disease?
Cancer of the Lymph system
What is non-hodgkins disease
Cancer of the lymph nodes that is spreading
What bridges arterioles to venuels?
Capillaries
Antidysrythmics are just other_________ drugs/
Cardiac
What is the most toxic type of cardiac drugs?
Cardiac Glycoside/Digitalis drugs/Heart Stimulants
What do the red blood cells do? (erythrocytes)
Carry oxygen and give blood it's red appearance
What are common SE for Antilipemics?
Constipation, flatulence, nasusea, cramps, vomiting, diarreha
What is the solid element of the plasma?
Copuscles
What is a big side effect with ace inhibitors?
Coughing as a side effect
What is Hemoptysis?
Coughing up blood
What is the most common Anticoagulant?
Coumadin (warfarin)
What do calcium channel blockers do?
Decrease the contraction of the heart and dilate coronary arteries
What do ACE inhibitors do?
Dialate vessels
What are two thiazides?
Diuril, Hydrodiaril
What can record the electrical activity of the heart?
EKG, Electrocardiograph
What are the three layers of the heart?
Endocardium, myocardium, pericardium.
What are hematinics?
F\ferrous sulfate (feosol) Vitamin b12
What is angina pectoris?
Pain in chest caused by lack of oxygen
What are symptoms of Hypotension?
Pale, Light headed, dizzy, faint,. irregular heartbeat, decreased urine output
What is the liquid part ofthe blood?
Plasma
What supplies the blood clotting factor?
Platelets (thrombocytes)
What is the Ca+CB that can be used in emergencies by poking hole in it and placing under tongue?
Procardia
What do White blood cells do? (leukocytes)
Protect body from infection
What do vasoconstrictors (adrenergics do)
Raise blood pressure by making vessels constrict
What do Anti-dysrhythmics/antiarrhythmics do?
Restore the hearts normal beat by calming down the heart (treat arrythmmias)
What are the names of the chambers of the heart?
Right and left upper atrium. Right and left lower ventricle
What are some side effects of diuretics?
SE Dehydration, loss of potassium,. can also cause hypotension
What are side effects of Anticoagulants
SE Hemmoraging, bruising,.
What are some side effects of antihypertensives?
SE Hypotension,, drowsiness, fainting.
What are sideffects of nitroglycerin?
SE Orthostatic hypotension, faint dizzy,
What are sideeffects of Vasodialators?
SE Throbbing headache. postural hypotension. dizziness, weakness, fainting.
What do digitalis drugs do?
Slow and strengthen heart, so more blood is pumped with each beat
What type of muscle are arteries, veins, and capillaries made of?
Smooth Muscle
What system carries waste product blood cant carry?
The Lymphatic System
Why is the blood darker in veins than arteries?
The blood has a lack of o2 and increase CO2
What happens if the vessels are partially blocked?
The blood pressure will go up
What type of blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood to the kidney?
Veins
What are small veins called?
Venuels
What is the hypertension range for systolic?
above 140
What are some common cholesterol meds?
atorvastin (Lipitor), pravastatin (Pravachol), Simvastin (Zocor), Crestor
Hold digitalis drugs if pulse is __________bpm
below 60 bpm
What are some side effects of Hemantinics?
dark tarry looking stools, constipation or diarrhea.
How do Beta-blockers work?
decrease nerve impulses to heart and vessels by making heart beat slower with less force decreasing pressure
What is the most common Digitalis drug?
digoxin (Lanoxin)
what is an example of a loop diuretic?
furosimide (Lasix)
What is the primary Vasodialator?
nitroglycerin
What are some vasoconstrictors (adrenergics)?
norepinephrine, phenylephrine, dopamine, dobutamine, psuedophedrine.
what is anemia?
not enough red blood cells or hemoglobin so not enough oxygen in tissue
Anticoagulants do what
prevent blood from clotting.
WHAT do hematinics do?
provide nutrients for forming RBC.
What is the diastolic pressure?
the pressure when the heart is at rest.
What is congestive heart failure?
when the heart cannot pump strongly and blood backs up in veins and organs
What is orthostatic/postural hypotension?
when you stand up and the valves aren't closed and the blood rushes down causing you to get dizzy and light headed.
What are the things in veins that prevent backflow?
Valves
When the heart doesn't beat rhythmically (dysrhthmias) what medications are given?
Antidysrhtmics (antiarrhythmics)
Vasodialators are also what other type of drug?
Antihypertensives
What causes Peripheral vascular disease?
Artheriosclerosis and Atherosclerosis
What are tiny arteries called?
Artierioles
What are some beta-blockers?
Atenolol, metroprolol, propranolol
What is it called if blood vessels are partially blocked with fat?
Atherosclerosis
What is know as the silent killer?
Hypertension
What do diuretics do?
Increase urination to rid body of excess fluid
What is leukemia?
Leukocytes (immature WBC) attacking everything else. Never mature
What re some ACE inhibitors?
Lisinopril, enalapril, capotopril
What is arteriosclerosis?
Loss of elasticity due to build up of deposits in vessel walls.
What do antihypertensives do?
Lower blood pressure by dialating vessels
What do antilipemics do?
Lower cholesterol and lipid levels in blood
What do you need to do before and after giving nitro?
Monitor bp
Does the heart absorb nutrients from the blood that flows through it?
No
What is the systolic pressure?
The pressure when the heart contracts
What do Coronary arteries do?
They wrap around the heart and supply the heart with nutrients and oxygen.
What is the purpose of the arteries?
To carry oxygenated blood away from the heart
Why are arteries so thick?
To withstand the pressure from the beating heart
What do cardiac glycosides/ Digitalis treat?
Treat CHF & AFIB reduce edema and increase O2
What do calcium channel blockers treat?
Treat hypertension and angina
What does a vasodialator do?
Treats angina (chest pain) by opening arteries allowing oxygen in.
