LA Final Exam Study guide

simile

A comparison using "like" or "as". Example- Her smile is like sunshine

Metaphor

A comparison without using like or as. example- life is a highway

inference

A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning

personification

A figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes. Ex; The sun smiled down on us.

characterization

A method an author uses to let readers know more about the characters and their personal traits.

foreshadowing

A narrative device that hints at coming events; often builds suspense or anxiety in the reader.

Exposition

A narrative device, often used at the beginning of a work that provides necessary background information about the characters and their circumstances.

allusion

A reference to another work of literature, person, or event

rising action

A series of events that builds from the conflict. It begins with the inciting force and ends with the climax.

external conflict

A struggle between a character and an outside force

onomatopoeia

A word that imitates the sound it represents. (POW CRASH!

tone

Attitude a writer takes toward the audience, a subject, or a character

theme

Central idea of a work of literature

dialogue

Conversation between two or more characters

imagery

Description that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste)

resolution

End of the story where loose ends are tied up

falling action

Events after the climax, leading to the resolution

mood

Feeling or atmosphere that a writer creates for the reader

1st person POV

I/We perspective

Proper nouns, titles, names, book/movie titles, days of the week and countries and beginning of the sentence.

List what types or groups of words are always capitalized

climax

Most exciting moment of the story; turning point

plot

Sequence of events in a story

main idea

The author's central thought; the chief topic of a text expressed or implied in a word or phrase; the topic sentence of a paragraph.

claim (thesis)

The main argument/point of a piece of writing.

passive voice

The mouse was being chased by the cat.

author's purpose

The reason the author has for writing. ( Inform, persuade, express, & entertain)

active voice

The subject of the sentence performs the action

passive voice

The subject of the sentence receives the action.

3rd POV

Third person is the she / he / they / it perspective

interrogative mood

This mood is used to express a sense of uncertainty by asking a question. EXAMPLE- Is Jack interested in the project?

summary

a brief statement or account of the main points of something.

counterclaim

a claim made to rebut a previous claim.

internal conflict

a conflict can be internal, involving opposing forces within a person's mind. (character vs self)

stanza

a fixed number of lines of verse forming a unit of a poem

imperative mood

a mood in English grammar that inflects a direct command or a strong request EXAMPLE- Take out the trash

flashback

a scene in a movie, novel, etc., set in a time earlier than the main story.

compound sentence

a sentence that connects two independent clauses, typically with a coordinating conjunction like and or but. EXAMPLE- The pirate captain lost her treasure map, but she still found the buried treasure.

Complex sentence

a sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause EXAMPLE-Because the soup was too cold, I warmed it in the microwave.

logos

an appeal based on logic or reason

connotation

an idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning.

pathos

appeal to emotion, and is a way of convincing an audience of an argument by creating an emotional response

For example, blue is a color, but it is also a word used to describe a feeling of sadness, as in: "She's feeling blue.

denotation and connotation example

ethos

employing a sense of credibility and ethics

hyperbole

exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally. (I'm so hungry I could eat a horse)

The basic difference between denotation and connotation is that denotation is the literal meaning of a word, whereas connotation represents what associations are made with a certain word.

explain the difference between connotation and denotation

Setting, imagery, character reactions, correct word choice, and conflict outcomes can all affect the mood of a story.

how can authors create mood in a narrative story?

Good dialogue advances plot, establishes character, and provides exposition while sounding natural and lifelike to readers. You can also provide interactions between characters and make it more interesting

how can dialogue impact a narrative story?

conflict 2 types

internal and external

conditional mood

mood expresses something that would happen if certain circumstances happen. EXAMPLE- If I have a test tomorrow, I will study tonight.

Subjunctive mood

mood used to explore a hypothetical situation. It typically follows a wish, a demand, or a suggestion EXAMPLE- If I were a millionaire, I would buy my parents a house

Simple sentence

sentence has the most basic elements that make it a sentence: a subject, a verb, and a completed thought. No dependent clauses. EXAMPLE- Emma is writing a letter

evidence

the available body of facts or information indicating whether a belief or proposition is true or valid.

active voice

the cat was chasing the mouse

indicative mood

the grammatical mood of a verb used to make statements of facts, express opinions, and ask questions. EXAMPLE- You kicked the ball.

denotation

the literal meaning of a word

point of view

the perspective from which a story is told.

reasoning

the process of making clear how your evidence supports your claim

symbolism

the use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities

fairy tales, tall tales, legends, and myth and novels

what are examples of narrative writing

Ethos- Having a celebrity endorsement in a commercial Pathos- Visuals of a cute animal that's suffering and in need of help to appeal to your humanly emotions Logos- Having statistics, surveys, facts, and historical data included in commerical.

what are some specific examples of ethos, pathos and logos?

The argumentative essay requires well-researched, accurate, detailed, and current information to support the thesis statement and consider other points of view. Some factual, logical, statistical, or anecdotal evidence should support the thesis.

what can be used as evidence in argumentative writing?

showing is about using description and action to help the reader experience the story. Telling is when the author summarizes or uses exposition to simply tell the reader what is happening

what is the difference between showing and telling when writing narratives

to entertain and tell a story

what is the purpose of narrative writing

change people's points of view or persuade them to accept new points of view. persuade people to a particular action or new behavior. Argument can help individuals and groups learn about issues. To explain or defend actions or beliefs.

what's the purpose of argumentive writing?

setting

where and when the story takes place

transition words

words and phrases that provide a connection between ideas, sentences and paragraphs. ex: first, second, third, lastly

2nd POV

you perspective