Lab 1: The Great Rat Dissection
scrotum (organ system)
reproductive and endocrine system
large intestine (function)
absorb water and salts from material that hasn't been digested and removes waste products
esophagus (organ system)
digestive system
large intestine (organ system)
digestive system
mesentery (organ system)
digestive system
small intestine (organ system)
digestive system
spleen (organ system)
cardiovascular and lymphatic system
heart (organ system)
cardiovascular system
small intestine (function)
carries out most of digestive process, absorbing nutrients from food into bloodstream; its walls make digestive juices or enzymes that work with those from the liver and pancreas
pancreas (organ system)
digestive and endocrine system
atria
12, 13
ventricles
14
ureter
21
penis
40
vas deferens
45
esophagus
7
bile
A substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles.
plicae circulares
Folds that increase the surface of the small intestine for better absorption; covered with finger-like projections called villi
Lungs (Organ System)
Organ for the process of gas exchange called respiration (breathing); oxygen enters blood from air, CO2 leaves blood
spleen (function)
Phagocytosis of red blood cells; storage of iron; production of lymphocytes; immune response
scrotum (function)
Sac to hold testes outside the body
peritoneal cavity
The potential space between the visceral and parietal portions of the peritoneum is called the ______
hilum
The wedge-shaped area on the central portion of each lung where the bronchi, arteries, veins, and nerves enter and exit the lungs; also on kidneys.
lesser omentum (term)
a small peritoneal fold between the stomach and duodenum and the liver.
caecum (function)
animals that eat a lot of vegetable shunt food to this organ where bacteria help in cellulose breakdown
mesentery (function)
binds the coils of the small intestine
liver (function)
bile production and excretion
pancreas (function)
both an exocrine gland (secretes digestive enzymes and bicarbonate) and an endocrine gland (hormones insulin and glucagon)
vas deferens (function)
conducts sperm to the urethra
urethra (female function)
duct extending from bladder to exterior; opens to the exterior separately from reproductive orifice
urethra (male function)
duct extending from the bladder to exterior; extends through the penis and receives male sex gland products
uterine horns (function)
enables rat to have multiple offspring
oviduct
fallopian tube is also known as _______
lymph nodes (function)
filters for harmful substances; contain immune cells that destroy germs
stomach (function)
holds fold while its mixed with stomach enzymes, which continue breakdown into a usable form
greater omentum term
large peritoneal fold that starts from the stomach and drapes over the colon and coils of the small intestine
parietal peritoneum
lines the walls of the abdominopelvic cavity
adrenal gland
located on top of kidneys
rugae
longitudinal folds in the stomach
lymph nodes (organ system)
lymphatic system
diaphragm (function)
major muscle of respiration; contracts rhythmically and involuntarily; contracts and flattens as chest cavity enlarges
diaphragm (organ system)
muscular system
chyme
partly digested food ready to leave stomach
ovaries (function)
produces egg cells
vesicular glands
produces many ingredients of semen (70% of total volume)
salivary glands
produces saliva, keeps digestive system moist; helps break down carbs with salivary amylase
prostate glands (function)
production of fluid that, together with sperm cells from the testicles and other glands, makes up semen; muscles ensure semen expelled during ejaculation
penis (function)
provides a means of urination and sexual function
heart (function)
pumps blood throughout the body via the circulatory system, supplying oxygen and nutrients and removing carbon dioxide and wastes
vagina
receives penis during sex and holds sperm until passes into uterus; passageway for birth
kidney (function)
remove waste products and excess fluid from body through urine
urinary bladder (function)
reservoir for urine
trachea (organ system)
respiratory system
seminiferous tubules
site, within the testes, at which sperm production takes place
testes (function)
sperm and hormone production take place within there seminiferous tubercles
ileocecal valve (term)
sphincter at the junction of the small and large intestines
epididymis (function)
stores the sperm after production within the testis
ureters (function)
takes urine from kidney to bladder
peritoneum
the largest serous membrane of the mammalian body
ductus deferens
the vas deferens is also known as the _______
esophagus (function)
transport tube that directs the progression of food and fluids from the mouth to the stomach.
urethra (organ system)
urinary system
trachea (function)
windpipe; passage for air. Moistens and warms air while it passes into lungs, and protects respiratory surface from accumulation of foreign particles