Lab 1: The Great Rat Dissection

scrotum (organ system)

reproductive and endocrine system

large intestine (function)

absorb water and salts from material that hasn't been digested and removes waste products

esophagus (organ system)

digestive system

large intestine (organ system)

digestive system

mesentery (organ system)

digestive system

small intestine (organ system)

digestive system

spleen (organ system)

cardiovascular and lymphatic system

heart (organ system)

cardiovascular system

small intestine (function)

carries out most of digestive process, absorbing nutrients from food into bloodstream; its walls make digestive juices or enzymes that work with those from the liver and pancreas

pancreas (organ system)

digestive and endocrine system

atria

12, 13

ventricles

14

ureter

21

penis

40

vas deferens

45

esophagus

7

bile

A substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles.

plicae circulares

Folds that increase the surface of the small intestine for better absorption; covered with finger-like projections called villi

Lungs (Organ System)

Organ for the process of gas exchange called respiration (breathing); oxygen enters blood from air, CO2 leaves blood

spleen (function)

Phagocytosis of red blood cells; storage of iron; production of lymphocytes; immune response

scrotum (function)

Sac to hold testes outside the body

peritoneal cavity

The potential space between the visceral and parietal portions of the peritoneum is called the ______

hilum

The wedge-shaped area on the central portion of each lung where the bronchi, arteries, veins, and nerves enter and exit the lungs; also on kidneys.

lesser omentum (term)

a small peritoneal fold between the stomach and duodenum and the liver.

caecum (function)

animals that eat a lot of vegetable shunt food to this organ where bacteria help in cellulose breakdown

mesentery (function)

binds the coils of the small intestine

liver (function)

bile production and excretion

pancreas (function)

both an exocrine gland (secretes digestive enzymes and bicarbonate) and an endocrine gland (hormones insulin and glucagon)

vas deferens (function)

conducts sperm to the urethra

urethra (female function)

duct extending from bladder to exterior; opens to the exterior separately from reproductive orifice

urethra (male function)

duct extending from the bladder to exterior; extends through the penis and receives male sex gland products

uterine horns (function)

enables rat to have multiple offspring

oviduct

fallopian tube is also known as _______

lymph nodes (function)

filters for harmful substances; contain immune cells that destroy germs

stomach (function)

holds fold while its mixed with stomach enzymes, which continue breakdown into a usable form

greater omentum term

large peritoneal fold that starts from the stomach and drapes over the colon and coils of the small intestine

parietal peritoneum

lines the walls of the abdominopelvic cavity

adrenal gland

located on top of kidneys

rugae

longitudinal folds in the stomach

lymph nodes (organ system)

lymphatic system

diaphragm (function)

major muscle of respiration; contracts rhythmically and involuntarily; contracts and flattens as chest cavity enlarges

diaphragm (organ system)

muscular system

chyme

partly digested food ready to leave stomach

ovaries (function)

produces egg cells

vesicular glands

produces many ingredients of semen (70% of total volume)

salivary glands

produces saliva, keeps digestive system moist; helps break down carbs with salivary amylase

prostate glands (function)

production of fluid that, together with sperm cells from the testicles and other glands, makes up semen; muscles ensure semen expelled during ejaculation

penis (function)

provides a means of urination and sexual function

heart (function)

pumps blood throughout the body via the circulatory system, supplying oxygen and nutrients and removing carbon dioxide and wastes

vagina

receives penis during sex and holds sperm until passes into uterus; passageway for birth

kidney (function)

remove waste products and excess fluid from body through urine

urinary bladder (function)

reservoir for urine

trachea (organ system)

respiratory system

seminiferous tubules

site, within the testes, at which sperm production takes place

testes (function)

sperm and hormone production take place within there seminiferous tubercles

ileocecal valve (term)

sphincter at the junction of the small and large intestines

epididymis (function)

stores the sperm after production within the testis

ureters (function)

takes urine from kidney to bladder

peritoneum

the largest serous membrane of the mammalian body

ductus deferens

the vas deferens is also known as the _______

esophagus (function)

transport tube that directs the progression of food and fluids from the mouth to the stomach.

urethra (organ system)

urinary system

trachea (function)

windpipe; passage for air. Moistens and warms air while it passes into lungs, and protects respiratory surface from accumulation of foreign particles